023四级词汇2016 63真题

四级真题词汇串讲（5）

主讲老师：刘畅

新浪微博：@刘畅的南瓜地

2016年6月卷（2）选词填空dependenta.依靠的，取决于……的（depend）design

v.设计（sign）launchv.开展；发射policyn.方针，政策（-polis-）prospect

n.前景，前途；v.前瞻，前望（-spect-）reliablea.可靠的（rely）signaln.信号（sign）treatmentn.治疗，处理（treat）Signs（barring动词cell-phoneuse）areafamiliarsighttoanyonewho...……的人都很熟悉禁止使用手机的标语electronicmedicalrecords电子医疗记录;desktops台式电脑givewaytowirelessdevices让步于无线设备（被……所取代）asclericalloadsincreased,随着文书工作不断增加（clerk文员，职员）aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicago'sinternal-medicineprogram芝加哥大学内科项目的前总住院医师apilotproject一个试点项目（pilot飞行员；领航员；试点）havepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums提供无纸化的、基于iPad的课程slogan标语；口号withlargepocketstomodatetabletcomputers带有大大的口袋以便于容纳/携带平板电脑PassageOneAttitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenfallalonggenerationallines随着年龄的增长而下降.Thatis,generally通常情况下,youngerpeopletendtooutnumber数量上超过olderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift在技术变革的前沿.Thepublicoverall整体来说isspliton在……事上有分歧...Everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged每个年龄组的人都有.Whereas虽然oldergenerationsaresometimesreluctanttoadopt有时不愿意接受newtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvalueto具有真正的价值theseagegroupsinparticular尤其.theclassicusecases典型用户fordriverlesscarsDifferencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.与年龄无关的其他因素引起的态度不同更加显著Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.人们居住的地域也很重要suburb城郊;ruralareas农村

emainstream成为主流46.Whathappenswhenanewtechnologyemerges?Itfurtherwidensthegap进一步加大差距betweentheoldandtheyoung.Itoftenleadstoinnovations创新inotherrelatedfields相关领域.Itcontributesgreatlytotheadvance进步ofsocietyasawhole.整个Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactions引起不同的反应fromdifferentagegroups.47.Itmaystartarevolution革命inthecarindustry.Ithasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations导致了不切实际的期望.48.Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealto对……有吸引力someoldpeople?Ithelpswiththeirmobility.帮助他们出行Itstirsuptheirinterestinlife.激发对生活的兴趣50.Theseniors老年人//Theeducated//Thewealthy//Thetechfans技术迷PassageTwoInagrarian,pre-industrialEurope在工业化之前的农业欧洲Thiscomfortablecycle在这种舒适的循环中,inwhichtherhythms节奏ofthedayhelpedshape塑造therhythmsofthemeals,gaverisetothecustomofthelargemiddaymeal丰盛的午餐,eatenwiththeextendedfamily大家庭.Therewasaveryimportantinterconnection互联betweeneatingtogetherandstrengtheningfamilyties强化家庭关系.Sinceindustrialization工业化,maintaining维持suchaslowculturalmetabolism新陈代谢hasbeenmuchharder,withthelongmiddaymealshrinkingto缩减为whatevercouldbestuffedinto塞进alunchbucket午餐盒orboughtatafoodstand小吃摊.Moderntechniques现代工艺forproducingandshipping运输foodledtogreatervarietyandquantity种类和数量大大增加,includingatremendousincrease大量增加intheamountofanimalprotein蛋白anddairyproducts奶制品available,makingusmorevigorous有活力的thanourancestors祖先.TakeItaly.以意大利为例。It'snosecretthat这已不是什么秘密theMediterranean地中海dietishealthy.Theeveningmealcarriesthefullburdenthatusedtobespreadovertwomeals.现在的晚餐抵原来两顿饭的作用51.Theirdailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenaturalcycle.他们的日常作息遵循自然循环的节奏54.Itsqualityisusuallyguaranteed保证.Itisvaried,abundantandnutritious多样、丰富、有营养.2016年6月卷（3）选词填空abandoned：a.被遗弃的，被抛弃的biased：a.有偏见的commitment：n.承诺；（对某一组织、活动等的）忠诚dampen：v.抑制；使沮丧（damp潮湿的；沮丧的）distant：a.遥远的frequent：a.频繁的fulfillment：n.履行；实行grant：v.授予；允许；同意understandably：adv.可以理解地unrealistically：adv.不切实际地Contrarytopopularbelief,和普遍观点相反gotonursinghomes去养老院Peoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.那些和家人关系最紧密的人却有着最差的精神状态。Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.研究者们开始更多关注年迈父母和子女之间关系的质量，而不是联系的频度。disapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren不赞成她抚养孩子的方式PassageOneButcertainaspectsofbrainfunction大脑功能actuallybegintheirdecline衰退inyoungadulthood在成年初期,anewstudysuggests表明.Certainmentalfunctions-includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning抽象推理的方法,mentalspeed脑力速度andpuzzle-solving解谜-startedtodull变得无光泽（衰退）asearlyasage27.Dips（轻度或暂时的减少）inmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparent明显的aroundage37.Indicators指标ofaperson'saccumulated累积的knowledgekeptimprovingwithage.mentalflexibility脑力灵活性theeffectivenessofintegrating整合itwithone'sabilitiestakestandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperception认知

attheoutset最初，一开始Thefindingsshedlighton阐述阐明normalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction.Wegaininsightin理解cognitionchanges.46.Itvaries变化frompersontoperson.（因人而异）Itgraduallyexpands扩大withage.（随着年龄而发展）47.Somediseasesinevitably不可避免地leadtotheirdecline.Theyreachapeak巅峰attheageof20formostpeople.Theyarecloselyrelatedto与……紧密相关physicalandmentalexercise.50.findwaystoboost提升ourmemoriesPassageTwokindergarten幼儿园K-12：K12或K-12，是kindergartenthroughtwelfthgrade的简写，是指从幼儿园（Kindergarten，通常5-6岁）到十二年级（grade12，通常17-18岁），这两个年级是美国、澳大利亚及EnglishCanada的免费教育头尾的两个年纪，此外也可用作对基础教育阶段的通称。Theconcepthasmultipleforms多种形式,andscholarsandpolicymakers政策制定者argueabouttheshape,scopeandcost形式、范围及成本oftheidealprogram理想方案.Thefederal联邦（政府的）HeadStartprogram,launched启动50yearsago,hasserved服务morethan30millionchildren.thelegendarypioneer传奇先锋人物inearlychildhoodeducationresearch儿童早教Thishighlights突出

qualityissues质量问题inelementaryschools小学Pre-Kiscontroversial引起争议的.Somecritics批评家sayitisaluxury奢侈.Pre-Kadvocates倡导者insistitisproven久经考验的andwillsucceedifintegratedwith与……相结合therestofthechild'sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.我偏向于后一种观点takeoffice就职Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutfor为……发声strongpre-Kprogramming.Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideof更多的证据倾向于pre-Kthatearlyinterventionworks早期干预是有效的.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwill政治决心toputthatunderstandingintofullpractive将想法付诸实践withasequenceof一系列smartschooling.Manydonotatthiscriticaltime在这一关键时刻whenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.51.Itshouldcaterto迎合theneedsofindividualchildren.Itisessential必要的toaperson'sfuture