备战2021年高三英语考点一遍过专题14动词的被动语态（含解析）

考点14动词的被动语态高三频度：★★★★★【命题解读】动词的语态是历年高三的重点，也是高三的必考点。高三主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进展考察，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。【命题预测】估计2021年高三语态仍将是高三考察的重点和难点所在，考察形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，极可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进展考察。【温习建议】掌握被动语态的根本时态转变；掌握被动语态的特殊构造形式；掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。知识网络序号常用被动语态构成序号常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进展时was/werebeingasked2一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时have/hasbeenasked3一般将来时shall/willbeasked8过去完成时hadbeenasked4过去将来时should/wouldbeasked9将来完成时will/wouldhavebeenasked5现在进展时am/is/arebeingasked10含有情态动词的can/must/maybeasked考前须知被动语态的否认式是在第一个助动词或，情态动词后加99，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定构造begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer. 夏天不应该种树。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates. 这个男孩被他的同学取笑。

Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl. 报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动构造表示。如：Itisbelievedthat… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat… Itissaidthat…Itiswellknownthat… Itmustbepointedoutthat… Itissupposedthat…Itisreportedthat… Itmustbeadmittedthat… Itishopedthat…下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing. Thebookisworthreadingtwice.Thedoorwon'tshut./Theplaywon'tact. Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等等zx.xk]考向一被动语态的根本时态转变被动语态一般为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be+过去分词组成，be随时态的转变而转变。以do为例，各类时态的被动语态形式为：体时现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone进展is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone//完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone被动语态的特殊构造形式〔1〕带情态动词的被动构造。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.〔2〕有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动构造时，可以把主动构造中的一个宾语变成主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变成主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改成Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.〔3〕当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂构造变成被动语态时，将宾语变成被动构造中的主语，其余不动。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改成Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.〔4〕在使役动词have,make,get和感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动构造中不定式to要省略，但变成被动构造时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改成Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.〔5〕有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动构造，但要把它们看做一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.〔2021•北京卷•单项填空〕Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones yet.A.haven’tinvented B.haven’tbeeninventedC.hadn’tinvented D.hadn’tbeeninvented【答案】D〔2021•天津卷•单项填空〕Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.A.regard B.isregarded C.areregarded D.regards【答案】B〔2021•新课标I卷•语法填空〕Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.【答案】areremoved【解析】考察被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat,salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填areremoved。考向二不能用被动语态的几种情况：1.〔1〕所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。〔2〕表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。〔3〕表示归属的动词，如have、own、belongto等。〔4〕表示"希望、用意"的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。〔5〕宾语是反身代词或彼此代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。考向三主动形式表被动意义的情况：〔1〕系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表构造中常以主动形式表示被动意义。〔2〕当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时；〔3〕当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词词组表示"发生、关闭、制定”等意思时；〔4〕want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。〔5〕beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。〔6〕在”be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent〔出租〕也用主动形式表被动。Astimewenton,Einstein'stheorytobecorrect.A.proved B.provesC.isproved D.wasproved【答案】A【解析】句意：随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。芦山"证明是"，这里用作连系动词，要用主动形式表被动含义，故选【巧学妙记】主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用bedone，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态havedone，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone。将来进展无被动，shall(will)bedoing。现在完成进展同，have(has)beendoing。现、过进展bedoing，被动be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否认助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。

一般情助加bedone,双宾多将间宾变。

复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。注释：①"be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。②”情助”是指情态动词和助动词must,may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。③”疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。题组一根底过关用被动语态的形式完成以下句子Don’tbenervous,andtheywilltellyouwheretosit.—Don'tbenervous,andyouwheretositbythem.PeoplereferstoCaliforniaastheGoldenState.—California astheGoldenStatebypeople.Inordertostoptheairpollution,thegovernmenthavetakenalotofmeasures.—Alotofmeasures bythegovernmentinordertostoptheairpollution.Wearediscussinghowtospendthesummerholidaysnow.—Howtospendthesummerholidays now.MissLicanmakeherclasslivelyandinteresting,soherstudentsrespecther.—MissLicanmakeherclasslivelyandinteresting,soshe byherstudents.Twowhaleshave (wash)uponthebeach.Tomwascaughtsmokinginschool,andhe (punish)forit.Ifyouleavetheclub,you (notallow)backin.题组二能力提升单项填空1.Igotcaughtintherainonmywayhomeandmynewsuit .A.hasruined B.hadruinedC.hadbeenruined D.hasbeenruined.Nowalltheemployeesexceptthemanager toworkonlineathome.A.encourages B.encourageC.isencouragedD.areencouragedC.isencouragedD.areencouraged.He everywhereformaterialsandfinallyhiseffortspaidoff.Themedicine tobeveryeffective.A.looked;wasproved B.explored;wasprovedC.sought;hasproved D.hunted;wasproving.—What’sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgettotellyou.Thenewmachine .A.istesting B.wasbeingtestedC.isbeingtested D.hasbeentested.TheplanforXionganNewArea officiallyonApril1,2021.A.announced B.wasannouncedC.announces D.isannounced.Ann acertificateattheendoftheprogramtoshowshehaslearnedcomputerskills.A.willgive B.willbegivenC.gave D.wasgiven.MartinLutherKingdemandedthatpeopleofallraces .A.wereequallytreated B.shouldtreatequallyC.beequallytreated D.aregivingequalrights.Differenttypesofteas byskilledtea-tastersbeforeappearingintheTeaTradeCentre.A.aretasted B.weretastedC.tasted D.havetasted.—Doyouthinkhecanwintheprizefortherace?—Impossiblenow.He todoso,buthehasjusthadhisrightleghurt.A.hasexpected B.isexpectedC.wouldexpect D.wasexpected10.Today,theforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust downtoomanytrees.A.stoptocut B.stopfromcuttingC.bestoppedtocut D.bestoppedfromcutting题组三体验真题. 〔2021•新课标II卷•语法填空〕Steamengines65(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen〔fairly〕 (fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.. 〔2021•新课标III卷•语法填空〕Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.

.〔2021•北京卷•单项填空〕Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts withsuccessintheend.A.rewarded B.wererewarded C.willreward D.willberewarded.〔2021•江苏卷.单项填空〕Moreefforts,asreported, intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.zx*xk]A.aremade B.willbemade C.arebeingmade D.havebeenmade.〔2021•全国新课标卷I•语法填空〕Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I62 〔allow〕togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre..〔2021•上海卷•语法填空〕Inrecentyears,stress(33)(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness..〔2021•四川卷.语法填空〕Thegiantpanda41(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.题组一根底过关用被动语态的形式完成以下句子1.willbetold2.isreferredto4.isbeingdiscussed.waspunished题组二能力提升1.willbetold2.isreferredto4.isbeingdiscussed.waspunished题组二能力提升单项填空5.isrespected.willnotbeallowed3.havebeentaken6.beenwashed【解析】考察动词时态。句意：我在回家的路上淋了雨，新衣服被毁了。mysuit与ruin的关系是被动关系，要用被动语态；从题意可知，我的衣服是过去弄湿了，此刻仍是湿的，用此刻完成时态；主语mynewsuit是第三人称单数。应选D。【解析】考察时态和语态。句意：目前，除领导外，所有的员工都被鼓励可以在家里在网上工作。主语是alltheemployees,谓语用复数；与encourage之间是被动关系。应选D。【解析】考察时态和语态。主语是TheplanforXionganNewArea,与谓语动词announce之间是被动关系，时间状语是2021年4月1号，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。【解析】考察时态和语态。句意：在这个工程完毕的时候，将会给Ann一个证书以说明她已经学会了计算机技术。由句意可知，Ann和give之间是被动关系，且“给她证书〃是这个工程完毕时才会发生的事，故要用未来时态。故B选项正确。【解析】考察虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：马丁路德金要求所有种族的人被平等对待。demand后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用shoulddo，should可以省略，而且peopleofallraces和treat是被动关系，应选C。【解析】考察时态语态。句意：在出此刻茶叶交易中心之前，不同类型的茶叶被品茶师品尝。teas和taste是被动关系，而且这句话表示客