行星及月球英文版

OverviewThisonlinelessonsconsistsofthechaptersTheSolarSystemThePlanetsMoonsPlanetsofotherstarsMoreinformation:Links第一页第二页，共24页。TheSolarSystemWhatistheSolarSystem?IntheUniverse,

theSolarSystemisourhomeland,

andtheEarthisourhometown.第二页第三页，共24页。TheSolarSystemTheSolarSystemconsistsof

thesuninitscentrenineplanets,

circlingaroundthesunmoonsasteroidsandcomets.第三页第四页，共24页。TheSolarSystemHowdidtheSolarSystemevolve?Scientistsarequitesure,thatinthebeginningofourSolarSystemtherewasahugediscofdirt,rocks,gas,iceetc.Inthemiddleofthisdisc,theSunformeditselfandbegantoglow.Insomedistancesfromthecentre,theplanetsemergedfromtheseringsofdirt,rocksandgas.第四页第五页，共24页。TheSolarSystemHowlargeisourSolarSystem?TheorbitonwhichPluto(thefarthestplanet)circlesthesun,hasanaveragediameterof5.910.000.000km(Pluto‘sorbitisrathernon-circular).Thesunitself,thelargestobjectinourSolarSystemhasadiameterof1.392.520km.第五页第六页，共24页。TheSolarSystemHowcanIimaginethesesizesanddistances?ImaginetheSolarSystembeingasoccerground(about100mlong).Thesunwouldbeaglaringorangeinthecentre.Plutowouldencirclethesunattheedgeofthesoccerground,havingthesizeofadustparticle.TheEarthwouldbe1,30mawayfromthe“orange“,havingthesizeofasesameseed.第六页第七页，共24页。TheSolarSystem第七页第八页，共24页。ThePlanetsMercuryistheplanetthatisclosesttoourSun.Plutoisthefarthest.Remembertheorderoftheplanetslikethis:MyVeryEducatedMotherJustShowedUsNinePlanets whichmeansMercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunPluto第八页第九页，共24页。MercuryWhatareMercury‘sfeatures?secondsmallestplanetnearesttothesunoneMercury-yearisaquarterEarth-yearMercuryisverydifficulttobespottedwiththenakedeyeMercuryhasnomoons第九页第十页，共24页。VenusWhatareVenus‘features?itisamediumsizedplanet,2.5timesaslargeasMercurysecondnearesttothesunVenusisverywellvisibletothenakedeye,alwaysclosetothesunbeforesunriseoraftersunsetVenushasnomoons第十页第十一页，共24页。EarthWhatareEarth‘sfeatures?itisamediumsizedplanet,abitlargerthanVenus(probably)theonlyplanetwithliquidwaterinourSolarSystemtheEarthhasonemoon(probably)theonlyplanetwithintelligentlifeinourSolarSystem第十一页第十二页，共24页。MarsWhatareMars‘features?itisasmallsizedplanet,halfaslargeasEarthMarsiswellvisibletothenakedeyeMarshastwomoons:PhobosandDeimosMarshasbeenvisitedbyroboticvehicles:

Pathfinder,SpiritandOpportunitythequestionfor(former)lifeonMarsisstillunsolved第十二页第十三页，共24页。JupiterWhatareJupiter‘sfeatures?itisthelargestplanetoftheSolarSystem,

morethan1.300EarthscouldfitinsideJupiteriswellvisibletothenakedeyeTheGreatRedSpotonitssurfaceisagiantstormaswideasthreeEarthsJupiterhas63moons!(thelargestareIo,Callisto,GanymedeandEuropa)第十三页第十四页，共24页。SaturnWhatareSaturn‘sfeatures?itisthesecond-largestplanetoftheSolarSystem,onlyabitsmallerthanJupiterSaturniswellvisibletothenakedeyethefamousringscanbeseenwithsmalltelescopesSaturnhasatleast34moons!(recentlyaprobelandedonJupiter‘smoonTitan)第十四页第十五页，共24页。UranusWhatareUranus‘features?itismediumsizedplanetoftheSolarSystemitisquitefarawaybutstillcanbespottedwithsmalltelescopeslikeSaturn,UranushasasystemofringsSaturnhasatleast27moons第十五页第十六页，共24页。NeptuneWhatareNeptune‘sfeatures?itismediumsizedplanetoftheSolarSystem,onlyalittlebitsmallerthanUranusitisquitefarawaybutstillcanbespottedwithsmalltelescopesNeptunehasfourringsandatleast13moons第十六页第十七页，共24页。PlutoWhatarePluto‘sfeatures?itisthesmallestplanetofourSolarSystemSincePlutoisfarawayandsosmall,youneedamedium-sizedprofessionaltelescopeoragoodamateurtelescopetospotit.NooneknowswhatPlutolookslike–it‘stoofarawayandtoosmall.Thepictureinthebackgroundisanartist‘srendition.Plutohasonemoon:Charon第十七页第十八页，共24页。MoonsWhataremoons?Moonsarelikelittleplanetsthatencircletherealplanets.Usually,theyaremuchsmallerthanplanets.Planetscanhavenomoons(likeMercuryandVenus),onemoon(likeEarth)oruptoaverylargenumberofmoons(e.g.63forJupiter).第十八页第十九页，共24页。MoonsPhobosandDeimosPhobosandDeimosareMars‘companions.Phobosmeans“fear“,Deimosmeans“panic“.MarsitselfhasbeennamedfortheRomanGodofWar.Theyarequitesmall(<15km)andlookratherlikepotatoesthanlikemoons.第十九页第二十页，共24页。MoonsIo,Callisto,GanymedandEuropaThesefourmoonsarethebiggestmoonsofJupiter.Theycanbeseenwithsmalltelescopesorevenwithbinoculars.EuropaIo第二十页第二十一页，共24页。PlanetsofotherstarsAretheremoreplanetsintheUniverse(exceptfortheonesintheSolarSystem)?Yes,thereareotherplanets,so-calledextra-solarplanets.

Butitisverydifficulttospotthem,sincetheyarefarfaraway.第二十一页第二十二页，共24页。PlanetsofotherstarsHowcanplanetsofotherstarsbespotted?Therearetwomainwaysthatastronomerssearchfortheseplanets:Ifyouobserveastarveryaccuratelywithspecialinstruments,youmay