牛津上海版中考英语动词讲解和练习

第9章动词Ⅰ. 及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词1.不及物动词可以单独构成谓语。2.及物动词必须与其宾语一起构成谓语。1）带一个宾语2）带双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）3）带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）3. 谓语动词有时态的变化，在陈述句中，随着主语的人称或单复数以及句子的时态发生词形的变化，以work为例，如下表所示：主语谓语（不及物动词）一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时Iworkworkedshall/willworkwouldworkamworkingwasworkinghaveworkedhadworkedHe/SheworksworkedwillworkwouldworkisworkingwasworkinghasworkedhadworkedWeworkworkedshall/willworkwouldworkareworkingwereworkinghaveworkedhadworkedYou/Theyworkworkedwillworkwouldworkareworkingwereworkinghaveworkedhadworked4. 连系动词必须与其表语一起构成谓语。连系动词be是主系表结构句子的主要系动词，它在陈述句中位于主语和表语之间，随着主语的人称或单复数以及句子的时态发生词形的变化，如下表所示：主语系动词表语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时Iamwasshall/willbewouldbehavebeenhadbeenhappy.HeSheItiswaswillbewouldbehasbeenhadbeenhappyWearewereshall/willbewouldbehavebeenhadbeenhappyYou/Theyarewerewillbewouldbehavebeenhadbeenhappy专项训练1选择填空。Lookup!Thekite__________highinthesky.A.flies B.flew C.hasflown D.isflying2. Weallknowthattheearth__________aroundthesun.A.go B.goes C.went D.isgoing3. Jenny__________anovelfromseventosightlasteight.A.read B.wasreading C.isreading D.wouldread4. Ascarf__________youwarmasthetemperaturefalls.A.kept B.haskept C.willkeep D.wouldkeep5. Finally,thebigseriousforestfire__________bythefiremenyesterday.A.putsout B.putout C.wasputout D.hasputout6. Where__________you__________?Ilookedforyoueverywhere.A.has...been B.did...go C.have...gone D.are...going7. Shedidn’tgotoseethedolphinshowwithusbecauseshe__________italready.A.sees B.saw C.hasseen D.hadseen8. Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthey__________aschoolsportsmeetingthenestweek.A.have B.had C.willhave D.wouldhave9. -__________theflightMU823__________?-No,notyet.A.Has...arrived B.Does...arrive C.Will...have D.Is...arriving10. --Thisisano-right-turnarea.Don’tyouseethesigh?--Oh,sorry.I__________it.A.hadn’tseen B.won’tsee C.didn’tsee D.doesn’tsee11. I__________tostayathomeandprepareformytestthisweekend.A.have B.willhave C.had D.has12. -IknockedintoatreewhenIwenttotherailwaystationformyfriend.-Isupposeyou__________toofast.(07中考江西南昌)A.drive B.aredriving C.drove D.weredriving13. Oh,whataday!It__________heavily.A.isstillraining B.wasstillraining C.stillrained D.stillrains14. "__________you__________upforKaiXinWang?It'ssuchapopularonlinegame!''Maryaskedmeexcitedly.A.Do,sign B.Have;signed C.Did;sign D.Are;signed15. It'stoolatenow.Thesupermarket__________.A.closes B.isclosed C.isbeingclosed D.isclosed16. Coffeeisready.Howniceit__________!Wouldyoulikesome?A.looks B.smells C.sounds D.feels17. Nowthestudentseach__________anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.（08中考南通）A.has B.have C.ishaving D.arehaving18. Thesinger__________welcomedifshe__________toourschool.A.is;comes B.is;willcomeC.willbe;comes D.willbe;willcome19. Keplerprovedthatthesun__________thecenterofthesolarsystem. A.is B.was C.hadbetter D.wouldbeⅡ. 助动词1. 助动词be（am,is,are;was,were），与动词的现在分词一起，帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时。2. 助动词be（am,is,are;was,were；willbe;have/hasbeen;am/is/arebeing;was/werebeing），与动词的过去分词一起，帮助构成被动语态。3. 助动词do（does,did）帮助构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句和疑问句。4. 助动词have（has,had）与动词的过去分词一起，帮助构成现在完成时和过去完成时，还帮助构成否定句和疑问句。5. 助动词will/shall（would/should）与动词原形一起，帮助构成一般将来时和过去将来时，还帮助构成否定句和疑问句。专项训练2按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。Themusicsoundswonderful.（改为否定句）Themusic____________________wonderful.2. Hisparentsmanageasmallhotel.（改为否定句）Hisparents____________________asmallhotelMr.Blackhasastrongwill.（改为否定句）Mr.Black____________________astrongwill.4. Maryputtheflowersinthecentreofthetable.（改为否定句）Mary____________________theflowersinthecentreofthetable.5. Thevillagershavesetouttolookforthelostsheep.（改为否定句）Thevillagers____________________setouttolookforthelostsheep.6. Thegirlsaresinginganddancingattheparty.（改为选择疑问句）__________thegirlssinging__________dancingattheparty?Postmendeliverlettersandmagazineseveryday.（改为一般疑问句）__________postmen__________lettersandmagazineseveryday?I’veneverbeentoSouthChina.（改为一般疑问句）__________you__________beentoChina?TheShanghaiRadioandTVTowerstandsinPudongNewArea.（改为一般疑问句）__________theShanghaiRadioandTVTower__________inPudongNewArea?10. Someprofessorswilldiscussforeignlanguageteachingataninternationalconferencenext month.（改为一般疑问句）__________someprofessors__________foreignlanguageteachingataninternationalconferencenextmonth?【答案】1.doesn’tsound 2.don’tmanage 3.doesn’thave4.didn’tput 5.haven’tset6.Are,or 7.Do,deliver8.Have,ever 9.Does,stand 10.Will,discussⅢ. 动词的时态i. 一般现在时 1.表示普遍真理或客观事实。 2.表示现在的习惯动作或状态。 3.表示将来时间（用于某些条件状语从句和时间状语从句中）。4.一般现在时的动词形式通常与动词原形相同，但在主语为第三人称单数时，词尾加-s或-es，其规则如下：1）一般动词都在词尾加-s，如：digs,sings,looks,lives,cleans等；2）当动词以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾时，加-es，如：presses,washes,watches,fixes,goes等；3）当动词以辅音字母+y结尾时，先将y变成i，再加-es，如：flies,cries,studies等。 5.动词be的一般现在时，依据不同人称和数分别采用am,is,are三种形式。动词have的一般现在时，依据不同人称和数分别采用have,has两种形式。 6.一般现在时常用的时间状语：often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,onceaweek等。ii. 一般过去时 1.表示过去某时发生的事情。 2.表示过去的习惯性动作。3.一般过去时的动词形式除不规则动词之外，通常以动词原形加-ed表示，即动词的过去式；动词be的过去式为was,were。动词过去式的规则如下：1）一般动词都在词尾加-ed，如：played,listened,turned,fixed,looked等；2）当动词以e结尾时，只加-d，如：liked,agreed,skated等；3）当动词以辅音字母结尾+y结尾时，先将y变成i，再加-ed，如：cried,studied,carried等；4）当动词以重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时，要重复词尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped,preferred,regretted等。4.一般过去时常用的时间状语有：yesterday,lastyear,threeyearsago,justnow,in1978等。专项训练3用所给动词的适当时态填空。Thebankrobbery__________(happen)lastnight.Water__________(boil)atthetemperatureof100℃.ThiskindofTV__________(make)inShanghai.Inthepast,there__________(be)onlysingle-deckerbuses.Matter__________(change)fromonestatetoanother.Theelectric__________(invent)byEdison.__________(raise)yourhandifyou__________(know)theanswer.Tom__________(drop)thevase(花瓶)and__________(break)itamomentago.Yesterdayhe__________(notrealize)whataseriousmistakehe__________(make).10. TheFirstWorldWar__________(take)placein1914.OldJohn__________(fight)init.【答案】1.happened 2.boils 3.ismade4.were 5.changes6.wasinvented Raise,know8.dropped,broke 9.didn’trealize,hadmade 10.took,fought选择填空。1. Gladtoseeyouback.Howlong__________inRussia?A.didyoustay B.haveyoustayedC.wereyoustaying D.haveyoubeenstaying2. Themanager__________thatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestockwentdown.A.said B.talked C.told D.spoke3. -I__________you__________out.-No.Ihavebeenhereallthetime.A.think,havebeen B.think,areC.thought,were D.thought,hadbeen4. Couldyoutellmewheretherailwaystation__________?A.was B.is C.willbe D.wouldbe5. -Jimisnotcomingtothepartytonight.-Buthe__________!A.promise B.promised C.willpromise D.hadpromised6. Tomysurprise,he__________forthe“MyShow”Contest,hopingtobeastar.A.came B.left C.went D.enterediii. 现在进行时1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。2. 表示现阶段暂时的习惯性动作，该动作说话时不一定正在进行。3. 表示不断重复的动作，常常always等频度副词，而且带有感情色彩。4. 表示渐进的过程，通常适用于表示“转变”的动词。5. 表示即将发生的事情，通常适用于暂短性动词。6. 现在进行时的动词形式通常以助动词be（am,is,are）及动词原形加-ing，即动词的现在分词表示，其规则如下：1）一般动词都在词尾加-ing,如：working,planting,carrying,discussing等；2）当动词以-e结尾时，先去掉-e，再加-ing,如：shining,leaving,skating,writing等。以-oe,-ee,-ye结尾的动词，直接加-ing，如：hoeing,dyeing,agreeing等。还有特殊变化的，如：die+ing→dying,lie+ing→lying3）当动词为重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时，要重复词尾的辅音字母，再加-ing,如：running,stopping,swimming,beginning等。7. 现在进行时常用的时间状语有：now,nowadays,atthemoment,thesedays等。iv. 过去进行时1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作。2. 表示过去某个阶段暂时性习惯动作。3. 表示过去不断重复的动作。4. 过去进行时的动词形式通常以助动词be（was,were）加动词的现在分词-ing形式表示，其构成规则与现在进行时相同。5. 过去进行时常用的时间状语有：thistimeyesterday,atthattime,atthemoment等。专项训练4用所给动词的适当时态填空。 Don’tmakeanynoise.Theteachers__________(have)ameeting. Betty__________(make)atelephonecalltoherpenpalatthattimeyesterday. I__________(notdo)anythingatthemoment. Hetoldmethatmymother__________(wait)formeoutside. Springishere.It__________(get)warmerandwarmer. What__________you__________(do)whenIcalledyouyesterdayevening? Allthosewastes__________(pollute)theriverthesedays. Mymother__________(cook)inthekitchenwhenmyfatherreturnedhome. I__________(see)himwhenI__________(walk)inthepark.10. It__________(rain)atthemoment,sowe__________(stay)indoorsyesterdayafternoon.【答案】1.arehaving2.wasmaking3.amnotdoing4.waswaiting5.isgetting6.were,doing 7.arepolluting8.wascooking 9.saw,waswalking10.wasraining,stayed选择填空。1. She___________ablousebyherselfyesterday,butIamnotsurewhetheritisready.A.makes B.hadmade C.wasmaking D.hasmade【分析】易错题。2. Hewasstillworkingonhisprojectwhileotherpeople__________arest.(09中考上海)A.werehaving B.arehaving C.willhave D.have3. They__________abouttheTVnewstheninthesitting-room.Theyoften__________such talks.A.talked,had B.talk,haveC.weretalking;had D.aretalking;have4. Whenyou__________atthedoor,I__________somewashing.A.knocked,did B.wasknocking,did C.knocked,wasdoing D.knock,amdoing5. Theboy__________byacarashe__________acrosstheroad.A.knockeddown,ran B.wasknockeddown,wasrunningC.wasknockingdown,wasrunning D.knockeddown,wasrun6. Asshe__________thenewspaper,Granny__________asleep.A.read,wasfalling B.wasreading ,fell C.werereading,wasfalling D.read,fell7. We__________forEddieattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeepsus__________.A.werewaiting,waiting C.werewaiting,waitC.waited,waiting D.waited,wait8. Let’sgooutnow.It__________.A.didn’t rain B.doesn’train C.won’train D.isn’training【分析】易错题。强调现在不在下雨。9. Planningmoretrees__________theGreenhouseEffect__________becausetreestakeinCO.A.ismaking;better B.aremaking;better C.ismaking;worse D.aremaking;worsev. 一般将来时表示从现在某时看将要发生的动作或状态。1. will表示将来，主语可以为一切人称。2. shall表示将来，主语只能为第一人称。3. 一般将来时的动词形式通常以助动词will/shall加动词原形表示；也可用半助动词be（am/is/are）goingto加动词原形表示。am/is/aregoingto表示将来，通常是指已有迹象表明即将发生某事；在非正式文体中，表示“意图”或“打算”。4. 一般将来时常用的时间状语有：tomorrow,soon,nextyear,nextweek,inthreeweeks,inthefuture,thiscomingSunday,soonerorlater等。vi. 过去将来时1. 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或状态。2. 过去将来时的动词形式通常以助动词would/should加动词原形表示；也可用半助动词be(was/were)goingto加动词原形来表示。3. 一般将来时常用的时间状语有：soon,thenextday,thenextmonth,thenextyear等。专项训练5用所给动词的适当时态填空。 Iwonderifhe__________(be)abletofinishhisworkintwodays. You__________(fail)inphysicsunlessyouworkharder. Shewastoldthatareportaboutthematter__________(make)thenextafternoon. Theforeigners__________(visit)theOrientalPearlTVTowerunlessitrainstomorrow.. Anothernewbridge__________(build)overtheHuangpuRivernextyear. Aftermybrother__________(graduate)fromhighschoolhewillgoabroadtofurtherhisstudy. Somegusts__________(welcome)attheairportwhenthey__________(arrive)tomorrow.8. Mr.Wang__________(tell)thathe__________(send)toworkinTibetthenextyear.9. Shesaidthere__________(be)amathscontestthenextmonthandaskeduswho__________(enter)forit.10. Paultoldmewhyhe__________(make)somanymistakesinhismathstest.Hesaidthathe__________(study)harderlateron.【答案】1.willbe 2.will,fail 3.wouldbemade4.willvisit(aregoingtovisit)willbebuilt6.graduates 7.willbewelcomed,arrive8.wastold,wouldbesent9.wouldbe,wouldenter(wasgoingtoenter) 10.hadmade,wouldstudy(wasgoingtovisit)选择填空。1. -Haveyougonetoseethedoctor·!-No,but___________.A.Igo B.Iamgoing C.Igotosee. D.I'mgoingto2. -Whatwilltheweatherbelikethisweek?-Itwillbehot.Thetemperature___________to37°C.A.rises B.raises C.willrise D.willraise【分析】易错题。3. -Ourclassteacherwill__________atthemeeting.-Really?Whatisshegoingto__________then?A.speak,talk B.talk,say C.say,tell D.speak,say4. Hetoldmethathe__________toseeusthenextweek.A.comes B.came C.willcome D.wouldcomevii. 现在完成时1. 表示已经发生的事情，否定式表示尚未发生的事情。2. 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的事情。3. 现在完成时的动词形式通常以助动词have,has及动词原形加-ed（不规则动词除外），即动词的过去分词表示，动词过去分词的构成规则与动词的过去式构成基本相同。4. 现在完成时的常用时间状语有：already,just,yet,never,ever,recently,thesedays,since1978,forthreeyears,inthepasttwoyears等。5. have(has)gone和have(has)been的区别在于：have(has)gone（to）表示到某地方去了（目前不在这里）；have(has)been(to)表示到某地方去过（目前不在那里）。viii.过去完成时1. 表示过去某时以前已经发生的事情，否定式表示过去某事以前尚未发生的事情。2. 表示开始于过去的过去并持续到过去某时的事情。3. 表示在过去先后发生的两个动作当中，县发生的动作通常用过去完成时。4. 过去完成时的动词形式通常以助动词had及动词原形加-ed即动词的过去分词表示。5. 过去完成时的时间状语有：fortenyears,by2007,bythetimehewasborn等。ix. 现在完成进行时1. 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，该动作可能仍然在进行，也可能刚刚停止。2. 现在完成进行时的动词形式通常以助动词have/hasbeen加动词-ing形式即动词的现在分词表示。3. 现在完成进行时常用时间状语有：allmorning,thewholeday,thesedays,forsometime,forseveraldays,sincetwoo’clock等。选择填空。1. -HaveyouseenMichaelrecently?-Yes,infactIsawhimthismorning.I__________himfortwoyears.A.haven’tseen B.hadn’tseen C.didn’tsee D.don’tsee【分析】易错题。事实上今天早上我已经见过Michael了，所以“两年没见他”是今天早上之前的动作。今天早上是一个过去的时间，所以“两年没见他”是过去的过去的动作，所以用同过去完成时。2. MissGaoisn’there.She__________tothestationtomeetMr.Brown.A.go B.hasgone C.hasbeen D.wouldgo3. Hisfatherisonabusinesstrip.He__________homefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfrom B.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfrom D.wentaway4. China__________theWTOformorethanfiveyears.A.hasentered B.hasbeeninC.hasjoined D.hastakenpartin5. TheprincipalsaidtoallthestudentsontheOpenDaythatthey__________muchhappinesstotheteachers.A.hadtaken B.hadbrought C.havebrought D.havecarried6. Hardly__________thestudents__________thefinalexamswhentheybegantoplaybasketballintheplayground.A.would;finish B.did;finish C.have;finished D.had;finished【分析】Hardly...过去完成时when一般过去时一...就专项训练6Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当时态填空。1. George__________(be)inbusinesssincehegraduatedfromcollege.2. We__________(learn)threethousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3. Thesheep__________(disappear)oneafteranothersincelastterm.4. Don’tworry.Thework__________(finish)already.5. MrLidon’tgotothecinemabecausehe__________(see)thefilmbefore.6. TheOlympicGames__________(take)placetwenty-ninetimessince1896.7. I__________(read)TheAdventureofTomSawyerthesedays.8. Thegovernment__________(make)trafficlawstostopaccidentsrecently.9. Theroomisdirty.I__________(notclean)itforweeks.10.Peter’smother__________(tell)thatherson__________(apologize)toMrBrownalreadyforbreakinghiswindow.【答案】1.hasbeen2.hadlearned3.havedisappeared4.hasbeenfinished5.hadseen6.havetaken7.havebeenreading8.hasmade 9.haven’tcleaned10.wastold,hadapologizedⅡ. 按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1. Mybrotherjoinedthearmythreeyearsago.（保持原句意思）Mybrother____________________inthearmy__________threeyears.2.MrBrownleftShanghaitwodaysago.（保持原句意思） MrBrownhasbeen____________________Shanghaifortwodays.3. Myparentsboughtthecomputerhalfayearago.（保持原句意思）Myparents____________________thecomputer__________halfayearago.4. Alicehaskeptthedetectivestorybookfromthelibraryforaweek.（保持原句意思）Alice__________thedetectivestorybookfromthelibraryaweek__________.5. Thefilmbegantenminutesago.（保持原句意思）Thefilm______________________________fortenminutes.6. Herdaughterhasbeenillforthreedays.（保持原句意思）Herdaughter__________illthreedays__________。7. IhavebeenaLeaguemembersince2008.（保持原句意思）I__________aLeaguemember__________2008.8. OldJohndiedfiveyearsago.（保持原句意思）OldJohnhasbeen____________________fiveyears.9. Themeetingendedtwentyminutesago.（保持原句意思）Themeeting__________been__________fortwentyminutes.Myunclecamehereanhourago.（保持原句意思）Myunclehas____________________foeanhour.____________________anhour__________myunclecamehere.【答案】1.hasbeen,for2.awayfrom3.havehad,since4.borrowed,ago5.hasbeenon6.fell,ago7.became,in8.deadfor 9.has,over10.beenhere,Itis,since选择填空。1. It__________fiveyearssinceheleftforBeijing.A.was B.hasbeen C.be D.isgoingtobe2. PrisonBreakisthebeatAmericanTVplaythatI__________theseyears.A.watch B.willwatch C.havewatched D.waswatching3. -Howlong__________you__________thiscomputer.-Justtwoweeks.A.hasdone,is B.havebought C.arehaving D.havehad4. Halfoftheclass__________mostofthework,andsomeofthework__________difficult.A.hasdone,is B.havedone,is C.hasdone,are D.havedone,are5. Everymorning,thestudentsareaskedif__________theirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhad B.havetheyhad C.hadtheyhad D.theyhavehadⅣ. Therebe句型1. Therebe意为“有”，用于表示客观存在。There是引导词，没有含义，be是谓语动词，也可以用seem,appear,exist,remain,live,lie等动词，谓语动词有时态变化。2. 谓语动词的单复数视其后面的名词或代词的单复数而定，这是句子的真正主语。3. 谓语动词后如果有两个以上的主语，谓语通常与最近的一个名词或代词保持一致。4. Therebe句型也可用于疑问句、否定句以及各种时态的变化，通过谓语动词be来体现。5. usedto在Therebe句型中，用助动词did帮助构成否定句与疑问句。专项训练7按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。Thereisaboystudentontheplayground.（改为复数形式）There__________some____________________ontheplayground.2. Therearesomemiceinthefields.（改为单数形式）There______________________________inthefields.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.（改为一般疑问句）______________________________milkinthebottle?4. Thereisgoingtobeaschoolsportsmeetingnextweek.（改为反意疑问句）Thereisgoingtobeaschoolsportsmeetingnextweek,____________________?Therearemorethan17millionpeopleinShanghai.（对划线部分提问）____________________people____________________inShanghai?Therewasabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.（保持原句意思）There______________________________abigtreeinfrontofthehouse.Anoldladylivedatthefootofthehill.（保持原句意思）____________________anoldladyatthefootofthehill.Anewfilmhasbeenonforaweek.（保持原句意思）There____________________anewfilmonforaweek.Don’thurry!Thereareafewminutesleft.（保持原句意思）Don’thurry!Thereis______________________________left.Manystarsappearintheskyonaclearnight.（保持原句意思）____________________manystarsintheskyonaclearnight.【答案】1.are,boystudents2.isamouse3.Isthereany4.isn’tthere5.Howmany,arethere6.usedtobe7.Therelived8.hasbeen 9.alittletime10.ThereappearⅤ. 动词的被动语态i. 被动语态的用法1. 当主语是动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当主语是动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。2. 采用被动语态是因为不知道动作的执行者，或不必说出动作的执行者，或强调动作的承受者。ii. 被动语态的构成1. 被动语态的动词形式通常以助动词be加动词的过去分词构成。2. 被动语态的动词在句中依据不同的时态，要采用不同的形式，以make为例：时态be过去分词一般现在时am/is/aremade一般过去时was/were现在进行时am/is/arebeing过去进行时was/werebeing现在完成时have/hasbeen过去完成时hadbeen一般将来时willbe过去将来时wouldbe情态动词canmaymustbeiii. 被动语态的转换1.主动语态必须为“主-动-宾”结构时，才可以转换为被动语态。1） 主语+及物动词vt.+宾语（及物动词带一个宾语）主动语态：WeusetherecorderinEnglishclasses.我们在英语课上使用录音机。被动语态：TherecorderisusedinEnglishclasses(byus).录音机在英语课上被（我们）使用。在被动语态句子中，如不强调动作的执行者时，动作的执行者可省略。 2） 主语+及物动词vt.+宾语sb.+宾语sth.（及物动词带双宾语<间接宾语与直接宾语>）主动语态：FatherChristmasgavethelittlegirladoll.圣诞老人给了小女孩一个洋娃娃。被动语态：ThelittlegirlwasgivenadollbyFatherChristmas.（用间接宾语作主语）AdollwasgiventothelittlegirlbyFatherChristmas.（用直接宾语作主语）但有的及物动词只可有一种形式的被动语态，如：Myfatherboughtmeabike.→Abikewasboughtforme.我父亲给我买了一辆自行车。Hiscousinhaswrittenhimaletter.→Aletterhasbeenwrittentohim.他的表兄已经给他写了一封信。3） 主语+及物动词vt.+宾语sth./sb.+宾语补足语（及物动词带复合宾语<宾语与宾语补足语>）主动语态：Theywillkeeptheirroomwarm.他们将使他们的房间保持温暖。被动语态：Theirroomwillbekeptwarm(bythem).（原宾语补足语转变为主语补足语）2. 英语中有些动词词组相当于一个及物动词，从而也可以构成被动语态，如：Thenurselooksafterthesickchild.→Thesickchildislookedafterbythenurse.这护士照料生病的孩子。专项训练8Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空。Children__________(notallow)toplayfrighteninggames.Atlastthetwopictures__________(hang)sidebyside.TheGreatWall__________(know)bypeopleallovertheworld.Allthebuildings__________(turn)intohospitalrecently.Howlongcanthesemagazines__________(keep)?Thevegetables__________(plant)inthefieldsnextweek.Thesoldierwasveryillwhenhe__________(operate)onbyDr.Bethune.Thepasswordofyouremailboxshould__________(memorize).Liquidscan__________(turn)intogassesiftheirtemperatures__________(make)hot enough.Thenextmorningthey__________(find)thatsometrees__________(blow)downduring thenight.【答案】1.arenotallowed2.werehung3.isknown4.havebeenturned5.bekept6.willbeplanted7.wasbeingoperated8.bememorized9.turn(beturned),aremade10.found,wereblownⅡ. 按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。1. TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.（改为被动语态）Ben____________________forhishonesty__________theheadmaster.2. Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.（改为被动语态）Longladders______________________________forrescuingpeopleinthebuildingsby thefiremen.MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.（改为被动语态）Anewshirt________________________________________JackbyMother.4. Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.（改为被动语态）Thewoundedsoldiershadbetter____________________tohospitalatonce.5. Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.（改为被动语态）Thechildren____________________nottoswiminthatdeepriver.6. CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?（改为被动语态）Can______________________________bysomeagedChinese?Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.（改为被动语态）Theemployeesweremade____________________tenhoursaday.Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?（改为被动语态）By____________________thechildren__________afterinthekindergarten?TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.（改为主动语态）TheChineseallovertheworld__________theSpringFestival.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.（保持原句意思）Thepriceofmeat______________________________fromtenyuantofifteenyuan recently.【答案】1.waspraised,by2.arebeingused3.willbeboughtfor4.betaken5.aretold6.Russianbeunderstood7.towork8.whomare,looked9.welcome10.hasbeenraisedⅢ. 选择填空。1. Alectureonenvironmentalprotection__________tomorrow.Shallwegoandattendit?A.gives B.willgive C.wasgiven D.willbegiven2. ProfessorZhang___________togivealectureontheAmericanliteraturelastmonth.A.invited B.hasinvited C.wasinvited D.willinvite3. Thesickboy___________tohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.(09中考北京)A.istaken B.wastaken C.takes D.took4. Johnaswellastheotherchildrenwho__________noparents__________goodcareofinthecommunity.A.have;isbeingtaken B.have;hastakenC.has;istaken D.has;havebeentaken【分析】易错题。Aswellastheotherchildren是插入语，并不是充当主语，句子的主语还是John；对于John来说是被照顾，所以takecareof要用被动语态。5. Themagazinesmustn’t__________fromthereadingroom.A.takeaway B.takenaway C.aretakenaway D.betakenaway6. Ourclassroomismade__________byuseveryday.A.cleaned B.clean C.toclean D.cleaning【分析】易错题。Make的搭配主要有makesb.dosth.和make+宾语+adj(宾补)；在被动语态中，makesb.dosth.要改为sb.Bemadetodosth.，但是classroom本身不能做clean这个动作，不能选C；clean本身可以作形容词使用，所以句子中是make+宾语+adj(宾补)的被动形式，应选B。7. -It’sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.-Ithinkabridge__________overtheriver.(09中考安徽)A.wasbuilt B.isbringbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.shouldbebuilt8. Ifwecouldreflectsunlightbackintospacebyjustonepercent,globalwarming__________.A.hadtobestopped B.wouldhavebeenstoppedC.hadbeenstopped D.wouldbestopped9. ThemachinebuiltbytheWrightbrotherswasmade__________.A.fly B.flying C.flew D.tofly10. Theradio__________awildanimalzooisto__________inourcity.A.said,build B.says,bebuilt C.willsay,isbuilt D.hassaid,built11. Don’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’swork__________today.(09年中考河北) A.maydo B.mustdo C.Maybedone D.mustbedone12. -WillyougototheHalloweenpartynextweek? -OfcourseIwillif__________.A.Havinginvited B.Iwasinvited C.Iaminvited D.Iwillbeinvited13. Mr.Stone,togetherwithhiswife,__________toattendaparty.A.istoinvite B.hasbeeninvitedC.hastoinvite D.havebeeninvited14. Thiskindoffruit__________cool,cleananddryaccordingtotheinstruction.A.shouldbecarried B.mustbekeptC.shouldbeplaced D.mustbeput15. Williamwasmade__________attheirownhousewhentheearthquakehappened.A.tostay B.stay C.stays D.stayed16. Howmagnificentthenewbuildinglooks!Weknowthathugeamountsofmoney__________onit.A.havespent B.hasspent C.havebeenspent D.hasbeenspent17. Insomeplaces,little__________tomakethesmokeclean.A.does B.isdone C.hasdone D.isdoingⅥ. 情态动词i. can和could1. can和could主要指能力。could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力、许可、可能等。2. can在肯定句中也可用于表示可能性。3. 在否定句中也可用于表示否定的推测。4. can的将来时和完成时，用beableto来表示。5. could也可用于现在时，表示有礼貌的请求，语气比can婉转。ii. may和might1. may和might主要指允许，也可表示可能。might是may的过去式，表示过去的可能、许可等。2. may在肯定句中也可用于表示肯定的推测。3. maynot在否定句中也用于表示禁止。4. might也可用于现在时，表示有礼貌的请求，语气比may婉转。iii. must和need1. must主要指不可推卸的责任。2. must用在否定句中表示禁止。3. must也可表示肯定的推测。4. must的过去时、将来时和完成时，用haveto/havegotto来表示。5. haveto的现在时，可以代替must,起情态动词的作用，意为“必须；不得不”。6. need主要指需要，常用于否定句或疑问句。7. need也可用作实意动词，也为“需要”含义，后接名词或动词不定式。专项训练9选择填空Students__________wearuniformsatschool.A.must B.can C.may D.needWe__________talkorspeakloudlyinpubliclike