Unit 1 Vocabulary and expressions 词汇课件-2023-2024学年高二上学期英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit1

WordsandExpressionsonceandforall

最终地；彻底地1.Theproblemcanbesolvedonceandforall,ifyoudothat.

如果你那样做，问题就能彻底得到解决。2.Allatonce,arabbitcameoutofahole.

突然，一只兔子从一个洞中跑了出来。atonce立刻，马上onceandagain一而再，再三allatonce突然；同时

完成句子①Theteacherhaswarnedthestudent

．

那位老师最终警告了那个学生。②Ofcourse,suchanoverweeningpurposedidnotdevelop

．

当然，如此自负的目的并不是突然闪现的。③FinallyIfoundouttherightmethodafterexperimenting

．

经过反复试验，我终于找到了正确的方法。onceandforallallatonceonceandagaininfection

n.感染；传染1.Surgeonswearmaskstopreventthespreadofinfection.

外科医生戴着口罩以防止传染(病)的传播。2.Measlesisahighlyinfectiousdiseasethatcausesdeaths,butisfullypreventablebyvaccination.

麻疹是一种传染性很强的疾病，会造成死亡，但通过接种疫苗是完全可以预防的。(1)

preventinfection防止感染

skininfection皮肤感染(2)

infect

vt.使感染；传染

beinfectedwith/by被感染(3)

infected

adj.感染的(4)

infectious

adj.传染性的

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Weshouldn’tlookdownuponpeople

(infect)

withHIV.②

Exactlywhichbacteriacausethe

(infect)

isstillunknown.③

Everyyear,therearepeopleunluckyenoughtobeinfected

theflu.④

Thisnew

(infect)diseasehascausedmanydeathsallovertheworld.⑤

Peopleshouldtakeprotectivemeasuresbeforegoingoutto

.

人们在出门前应该做好防护措施以防止感染。infectedinfectionwithinfectiouspreventinfectionsubscribe

vi.认购（股份）；定期订购，定期交纳（会费）1.Isubscribedtoseveralmagazines.

我订了几份杂志。2.WesubscribetoseveralsportschannelsonTV.

我们付费收看好几个体育频道。3.Weprefertosubscribetoanalternativeexplanation.

我们更赞同另一种解释。4.HeisoneofthemillionswhosubscribetotheNSPCC.

他是数百万个定期向英国全国防止虐待儿童协会捐款的人士之一。(1)

subscribeto同意；赞同；定期订购/订阅等；定期捐助(2)

subscription

n.捐助；订阅

anannualsubscription一年期订阅

takeoutasubscriptiontoNewsweek订阅《新闻周刊》(3)

subscriber

n.订阅人；定期捐款者

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Someevenoffera

(subscribe)servicewithquarterlyorevenmonthlyupdates.②

Manycompanies

(subscribe)generouslytothefootballclubsofar.③

Writeawaynowforthefreealbumofferedtoeverynew

(subscribe).④

He

theviewthatchildrenbenefitfrombeingindependent.

他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。subscriptionhavesubscribedsubscribersubscribestosuspect

vt.&vi.

怀疑；疑有；不信任

n.

犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象1.Ifyoususpectagasleak,donotstrikeamatchoreventurnonanelectriclight.

如果你怀疑煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至不要打开电灯。2.Shehadnoreasontosuspect

thatSylviahadnottoldthetruth.

她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。3.Weareappealingtoanyonewhosawthesuspecttocontactus.

我们呼吁任何人看到犯罪嫌疑人后与我们联系。(1)

suspectthat...怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)

suspectsb.tobe...怀疑某人是……

suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事(2)

amurdersuspect杀人嫌疑犯

themain/primesuspect首要嫌疑人

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Wesuspectedtheofficer

havingahandintheaffair.②

Judgingfromhisabnormalbehaviour,Isuspectedhim

(be)athief.③

Thepolice

carryingdrugssotheywentthroughhisbag,butfoundnothing.

警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此搜查了他的包，但什么也没发现。oftobesuspectedhimofblame

vt.

把……归咎于；责怪；指责

n.

责备；指责1.Heblamedhisbrotherforbreakingthewindow.

他责备他弟弟打破了窗户。2.TheyblamedthefailureonJohn’sintervention.

他们把失败的责任归咎于约翰的干涉。3.Theseverecoldnessistoblamefortheincreaseincoalconsumption.

天气寒冷导致煤的消耗上升。4.Ifthathappens,thecoachwilltaketheblameforit.

如果发生那样的事，教练将对此承担责任。(1)

betoblame(forsth.)该(为……)受责备；应该(为……)负责

blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人

blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事责备某人

beblamedfor因……受谴责/责备(2)

accept/bear/taketheblameforsth.对某事负责任

lay/puttheblameon把责任归咎于……

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Thefailureoftheexperimentcannotbeblamed

himalone.②

Mary,ratherthanyou,is

(blame)fornotfinishingtheworkontime.③

Sheblamedherhusband

thefailureoftheirmarriage.④

(blame)bytheteacher,Marywaspullingalongface.⑤

Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,and

thealarmclock.

很多人发现早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。ontoblameforBlamedputtheblameonlink

n.联系；纽带

vt.把……连接起来；相关联1.Achainisnostrongerthanitsweakestlink.

(谚语)一环薄弱，全链易断。2.Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.

新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。(1)

alinkbetween...(and...)……(和……)之间的连接(联系)(2)

linkAto/withB将A与B联系/连接起来

linkup(withsb./sth.)(与某人/某物)连接，结合

belinkedto/with...与……有联系/有关

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Policesuspectedtheremaybealink

thetwomurders.②

Thevideocameras

(link)toapowerfulcomputer.③

TheChannelTunnellinksBritain

therestofEurope.④

Thespaceshuttlewilllinkup

thespacestationthisafternoon.⑤

Thereisconvincingproofthatskincancer

exposuretothesun.

有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。betweenarelinkedwith/towithislinkedtodecrease

n.减少；降低；减少量

vt.&vi.（使大小，数量等）减少；减小；降低1.Thesemeasureswillhelpdecreasethecostofproduction.

这些措施有助于降低生产成本。2.Thereisadecreaseofnearly6%inthenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.

参观博物馆的人数下降了将近6%。(1)

decreaseto...减少到……

decreaseby...减少了……

decreasefrom...to...从……减少到……(2)

onthedecrease正在减少

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Thetrafficaccidentsinthecitydecreased

40%lastyear.②

Thelatestwarmperiodhascausedthenumberofglacierstodecrease

150in1850to26today.③

Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimalsis

.

由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目正在减少。byfromonthedecreasethanksto幸亏；由于1.Thankstohisresearch，theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.

多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。2.ThankstotheinterventionoftheUN,thecrisiswastackledsuccessfully.

由于联合国的介入，这次危机得以成功解决。3.Asaresultofhishardwork,Tompassedtheexameasily.

由于努力学习，汤姆轻松地通过了这次考试。。表示“由于”的短语还有：onaccountofowingtoduetobecauseofasaresultof

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Thanks

thecorrectleadershipoftheParty,Chinahasenteredastageofrapiddevelopment.②

Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldbecause

theheavysnow.③

yourhelp,wefinishedtheworkintime.

由于你的帮助，我们及时完成了工作。toofThanksto/Becauseof/Owingto...transform

vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变1.Themagiciantransformedthefrogintoaprincess.

魔术师把青蛙变成了公主。2.Wecantransformtheworldwithourknowledge.

我们可以用我们的知识改变世界。3.Tomseemstohavebeenmiraculouslytransformedintoafirst­classplayer.

汤姆似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。(1)

transformAintoB把A变成B

transforminto转变成；转化成；改造为

betransformedfromAintoB由A变成B(2)

transformation

n.改变；转换；改观

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Thewayinwhichweworkhasundergoneacomplete

(transform)inthepastdecade.②

Themovietransformedheralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirl

asuperstar.③“MadeinChina2025”initiativeaimsto

amanufacturinggiantintoaworldmanufacturingpower.“中国制造2025”旨在把中国从制造业大国转变成世界制造业强国。transformationintotransformChinafrommakesense有意义；有道理1.Thesentencedoesn’tmakesenseanywayyoureadit.

这个句子怎么读都不通顺。2.Canyoumakesenseofthistelegram?

你弄得懂这封电报的意思吗？makenosense没道理；没意义makesenseof理解；弄懂inasense从某种意义上来说innosense决不；绝非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)

完成句子①

Sometimesparagraphsneedonlytoberearrangedforthestoryto

.

有时候，只需重新安排段落就能使故事讲得通。②

Wereadthroughthepoem,butcouldnot

it.

我们从头到尾读了一遍诗，但没弄懂它。③

shouldyouloseheart.Keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.

你绝不应该灰心丧气。继续尝试，你迟早会成功的。④

,heisvirtuallyabeaconofhope,encouragingusnevertogiveup.

从某种意义上说，他实际上是一个希望的灯塔，鼓励我们永不放弃。makesenseInnosensemakesenseofInasensecast

vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷1.Thesettingsuncastanorangeglowoverthemountains.

橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。2.Shecastawelcomingsmileinhisdirection.

她向他微笑以示欢迎。3.ThepricelesstreasureshadbeencastintotheNile.

价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。4.Don’tletyourselfbecastdownbyasmallfailureintheexperiment.Tryagain.

不要让自己被实验中一个小小的失败所打倒。再试一次。cast/runaneye/one’seyesoversth.用眼光瞥(或扫)；匆匆查看；粗略地看一看cast/shed/throwlightonsth.使(问题等)较容易理解becastdown(bysth.)(因某事)沮丧，不愉快

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Anyonewouldbecast

bysuchnewsasthat.②

Themoon

(cast)brightlightoverthegardenwhenIsawthroughthewindow.③

Thosecloudswouldhave

thatwouldhaveblockedsomesunlightout.

那些云朵原本会投射出阴影，挡住一些太阳光。downcastcastshadowsbreakout（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发1.Aftertheepidemicbrokeout,thewholecountryunitedtofightagainstit.

疫情暴发后，全国上下团结一心，共同抗击疫情。2.Ourcarbrokedownandwefeltcastdown.

我们的汽车坏了，我们感到很沮丧。3.Neverbreakinwhileothersaretalking.

别人说话的时候千万不要插嘴。4.Itwasmoneytroublethatbrokeuptheirmarriage.

他们是因钱的问题才婚姻破裂的。(1)

breakdown出故障；失败；垮掉；分解

breakin破门而入；打断(谈话等)

breakinto强行闯入

breakawayfrom脱离；挣脱

breakup打破；分裂；解体

breakthrough突破(2)

breakout,happen,occur,takeplace等动词(短词)表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，不用于被动语态。

单句语法填空/完成句子①

ThefamilyhadescapedtoAmericashortlybeforethewar

in1939.

1939年战争爆发前不久这家人逃到了美国。②

Manypeople

thepovertybarrierin2020withtheassistanceofourgovernment.

2020年在我们政府的帮助下很多人摆脱了贫困的障碍。③

Yourhealthwill

ifyoudon’tpayattentiontoregularexercise.

如果你不注意定期锻炼，你的身体会垮掉。④

Closethedoorandwindowscarefullytopreventsomestrangers

yourhouse.

仔细关好门窗，避免陌生人闯入家中。brokeoutbrokethroughbreakdownbreakingintodefend

vt.保护；保卫；辩护1.Itisimpossibletodefendagainst/fromanall-outattack.

防御全面进攻是不可能的。

2.Marydemonstratedhowbesttodefend

oneself.

玛丽示范最有效的自卫方法。3.Thesoldiersfoughtbravelyindefenceoftheircountry.

士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。(1)

defence

n.防御；保卫

indefenceof为了保卫；为……辩护(2)

defend...from/against保护……以免受；防御

defendoneself为自己辩护；自卫

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Somepeoplethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrainedtodefendthemselves

someattacks.②

Whenthedogattackedtheboy,hedefended

(he)withastick.③

HehasemployedoneoftheUK'stoplawyers

(defend)him.④

Allthepeople,menandwomen,youngandold,werefightingagainstthefloodin

(defend)oftheirownhomes.⑤

Thedamwasbuiltto

awaybythesea.

建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。against/fromhimselftodefenddefencedefendtheroadfrombeingwashedinchargeof主管；掌管（表主动）1.Thecookisinchargeofthekitchenhelper.

这位厨师负责管理帮厨。2.DrSmithisassignedtotakechargeofthedepartment.

史密斯大夫受命负责这个部门。3.Allthedrinksincludingbeerarefreeofcharge.

全部饮料包括啤酒在内都是免费的。(1)

takechargeof掌管/负责……

inthechargeof受……的管理；由……负责

freeofcharge＝forfree免费(2)

charge

v.收费；要价；控告；充电

chargesb.forsth.为某物向某人收取费用

chargesb.with(doing)sth.控告某人(做)某事

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Aslongasyou’epaidinadvance,wewon’tchargeyou

delivery.②

Thepolicechargedthethief

stealingthejewels.③

Aseriesofactivitiesrelatedtostudyandsportsare

thechargeofthestudentsintheEnglishDepartment.④

Weallhopeyouwill

theorganizationoftheschoolartfestival.

我们都希望你负责这次校园艺术节的组织工作。forwithinbeinchargeof/takechargeoftrace

vt.追溯；追踪；查出n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹1.HetraceshisdescentbacktoanoldNormanfamily.

他的血统可追溯至一个古老的诺曼家庭。2.Thepolicetracedthecalltoherex­husband’snumber.

警方追查出电话号码是她前夫的。3.It’sexcitingtodiscovertracesofearliercivilizations.

发现早期文明的遗迹真令人兴奋。tracesth.(back)(tosth.)追溯(某物到……)traceyourancestry/origins/roots追溯你的血统/起源/根源tracethehistoryofsth.追溯……的历史

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Hisfatherclaimstobeabletotracethefamilyback

manycenturiesago.②

Thesequotationscannotreadily

(trace)totheirsources.③

Thepolicehavedetected

traceofthemurdererafterseveraldaysofinvestigation.④

Hisfearofdogscan

achildhoodexperience.

他对狗的恐惧可追溯到他童年时的一次经历。tobetracedthebetracedbacktocomedownwith

患（病）；染上（小病）1.IthinkIamcomingdownwithflu.

我想我得了流感。2.Whatotherpredictionsdoyouknowfromsciencefictionbooksorfilmsthathavecometrue?

你还知道有哪些科幻小说和电影中的预言已经变成了现实吗？3.Wedonotknowwhenthisworldcameintobeing.

我们不知道世界是何时形成的。4.Isthatthebestexcuseyoucancomeupwith?

那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？comeupwith提及；讨论；想出comedown下来；降落comeabout发生cometo总共，合计；苏醒comeacross偶然遇见，碰见；发现comeout(太阳等天体)出现；开花；出版，发行；为人所知comeintobeing形成，产生

单句语法填空/完成句子①

LittleThomas

chickenpoxattheweekend.

小托马斯周末感染了水痘。②

I

agroupofchildrenplayinginthestreet.

在街上我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。③

Newstarscontinuedto

fromthegascloudsofthedisk.

新的恒星继续从圆盘中的气体云中形成。④

Severalofthemembershave

suggestionsoftheirown.

有几位成员提出了自己的建议。⑤

Canyoutellmehowtheaccident

?

你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？camedownwithcameacrosscomeintobeingcomeupwithcameabouta