人教版英语七年级下册-Unit-4-Don't-eat-in-class-语法解析

Runinthehallways.在走廊里奔跑。→Don’truninthehallways！不准在走廊里奔跑。

Wearhatsinclass.课堂上戴帽子。→

Don’t

wearhatsinclass!课堂上禁止戴帽子。Drawonthewall.在墙上乱画。→Don’t

drawonthewall!禁止在墙上乱画！

Grammar

祈使句（Do型）是表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召、劝告等的句子;通常省略主语you;祈使句的开头是动词原形。句末通常使用句号或感叹号。祈使句有肯定和否定两种,否定的祈使句是在动词原形前(即句首)加Don't.第一页第二页，共17页。Do型（实意动词）动词原形开头。Sitdownplease.否定：前加Don’tDon’tsitdown.Be型Be开头。Beagoodboy.否定：前加Don’tDon’tbeshy.Let型Let开头。Lethimgo.否定：Don’tlet...Don’tlethimgo.Let...not...Lethimnotgo.用no开头表禁止性的祈使句。Nofood.禁止外带食物Notalking.禁止说话第二页第三页，共17页。John:Hi,myname’sJohn.It’smyfirstdayatschool.Alice:Hi,John.I’mAlice.Thisisagreatschool,buttherearealotofrules.John:Really?Whataresomeoftherules?Alice:Well,don’tbelateforclass.Thisisveryimportant.那里有一些人，其中的一些是我的同学。对我们来说，学好英语很重要。John:OK,sowemustbeontime.Canwebringmusicplayerstoschool?Alice:No,wecan’t.Andwealwayshavetoweartheschooluniform.John:Isee.Alice:Oh,andwealsohavetobequietinthelibrary.第三页第四页，共17页。must与haveto区别就翻译而言，二者都可翻译成“必须”，其后都是跟动词原形。但在实际运用中，两者有区别。must表示说话人主观愿望。认为“必须”做某事。must在句中也没有任何事态和人称的变化。e.g.Imustdomyhomeworkfirst.have

to

意思是“必须、不得不”,它侧重于因为某种客观的原因而“不得不”做某事。haveto有人称和时态的变化，在have上变化。e.g.Ihavetogetupat6:30onschooldays.第四页第五页，共17页。否定形式:must的否定形式要换成needn’t（不需要）YoumustdoEnglishhomeworkfirst.Youneedn’tdoEnglishhomeworkfirst.你不需要先做英语作业。have

to的否定形式加助动词：don’t

have

to(主语是第三人称单数时,用doesn’thaveto)如:Idon’thavetogetupearlyonweekends.Bob

doesn’t

have

to

wear

a

uniform.鲍勃不必穿制服。第五页第六页，共17页。疑问句:must提前，回答时注意一二人称的互换。肯定用must，否定用needn’t.e.g.--MustIgohomenow?--Yes,youmust.--No,youneedn’t.do

(does)＋主语＋have

to＋动词原形+?回答与助动词的一般疑问句一样。Do

you

have

to

stay

at

home

on

weekends?

B:Yes,

I

do.

/

No,

I

don’t.

第六页第七页，共17页。John:Hi,myname’sJohn.It’smyfirstdayatschool.Alice:Hi,John.I’mAlice.Thisisagreatschool,buttherearealotofrules.John:Really?Whataresomeoftherules?Alice:Well,don’tbelateforclass.Thisisveryimportant.那里有一些人，其中的一些是我的同学。对我们来说，学好英语很重要。John:OK,sowemustbeontime.Canwebringmusicplayerstoschool?Alice:No,wecan’t.Andwealwayshavetoweartheschooluniform.John:Isee.Alice:Oh,andwealsohavetobequietinthelibrary.take第七页第八页，共17页。A:Hi,Dave.Doyouwanttowatchthebasketballgameintheparkthisevening?B:I’dloveto,butIcan’tgooutonschoolnights.A:Oh,that’stoobad.B:Yeah,Ihavesomanyrules…A:Really?B:Yeah,Ican’tseemyfriendsonschooldaysandIhavetodomyhomeworkafterschool.I’dloveto用法：用来愉快地答应对方的请求、提议或邀请，意为：我很想(愿意)。如：A：Howaboutplayingtennis?打打网球怎么样?B：Yes.I’dliketo.好，我很愿意。第八页第九页，共17页。2.用来委婉地提出自已的想法、希望或愿望(其后接名词或不定式)，意为：我想...我要...

如：I’dlikeyoutomeetafriendofmine.我想让你见见我的一个朋友。3.用作反语，表示气愤或威胁(其后常接动词see,know等)，意为：我倒想(看看或知道等)。

如：I’dliketoknowwhatshemeansbythat.我倒想知道她那样说是什么意思。第九页第十页，共17页。A:Whatotherrulerdoyouhave?B:Mmm…ImustpracticetheguitarbeforedinnerandthenIhavetodothedishesafterdinner.AndIcan’twatchTVintheevening.A:Oh.Well,Ihavetohelpmymommakedinnersometimes.A:Me,too.Ihavetohelpmymommakebreakfasteverymorning.B:AndImustcleanmyroomeverySaturday.A:Wow,youdohavealotofrules!=？第十页第十一页，共17页。DearDr.Know,Therearetoomanyrules!At6:00a.m.mymomsays,“Getupnowandmakeyourbed!”toomanyrules“太多的规定”,其中toomany用来修饰可数名词复数rules。e.g.Hehastoomanyfriendstomeet.修饰不可数名词时,要用toomuche.g.Wehavetoomuchworktodo.muchtoo太……much用来增强语气。后接形容词或副词。e.g.Heismuchtoofat.以后一个单词为准第十一页第十二页，共17页。Afterbreakfast,mymomalwayssays,“Don’tleavethedirtydishesinthekitchen!”Afterthat,IruntoschoolbecauseIcan’tbelate.Atschool,wehavemorerules-don’tbenoisy,don’teatinclass.many与much的比较级，更多的。祈使句三种形式Afterdinner,Ican’trelaxeither.ImustreadabookbeforeIcanwatchTV.ButIhavetogotobedbefore10:00.Rules,rules,rules!It’sterrible!WhatcanIdo.Dr.Know?MollyBrown,NewYorkeither也。用于否定句和疑问句中。肯定句中用too表也。表“看”的单词？watch，see，lookr，read第十二页第十三页，共17页。DearMolly,Iknowhowyoufeel.Peoplealwaystellus,“Don’tdothis!”or“Youcan’tdothat!”Butthinkaboutit,Molly.Therearealotofthingsyoucando.Youcanplaybasketballonweekends.YoucanwatchTVafteryoureadabook.Parentsandschoolsaresometimesstrict，strictadj.严格的，严厉的Heisastrictteacher.bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格Themathteacherisstrictwithus.bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格Themathteacherisstrictinourhomework.第十三页第十四页，共17页。butremember,theymakerulestohelpus.Wehavetofollowthem.Goodluck!Dr.Knowrememberv.记住，记起Ican’trememberhisname.remembertodosth.记得要去做某事，说明事情还没有做。Remembertoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.rememberdoingsth.记