英语中的主谓一致

英语主谓一致普通说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。一、语法上一致1不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语普通用单数。Muchmilkisofferedtohim.

ReadingaloudisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.Tonodone’sheadmeansagreement.

Whattheysaidistrue.2and连接主语时，注意下列几点：1）由and,both…and连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一种人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。Bothbreadandbutterwereservedforbreakfastinthishotel.Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.2)但凡由each…andeach…,every…andevery…,no…andno…,manya…and

manya…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。Eachmanandeachwomanhasachancetoberaisedinourcompany.Noboyandnogirldoesn’tgotoschoolattheageofseveninthisvillage.3)由and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。Goodandbadmeatinthemarketaresoldout.4)不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。BeerfromtheUSAandGermanyismuchbetterthatfromBritain.5)凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一种名词带the(a或物主代词)则谓语用单数。Theprofessorandthewriterhavepublishedafewnewbooksonradio.Thetenthandlastchapteriswrittenbyayoungman.6)由and连接的第二个名词短语表达否认或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一种名词一致。Theteacher,andperhapshisstudentstoo,islikelytobepresent.7)What从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式惯用复数，缩略式惯用单数。Whathesaysandwhathethinkshavenothingtodowithme.WhatIsayanddoismyownaffair.8)由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则拟定单复数。Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.(MET1991)Aisnotdecided

Barenotdecided

Chasnotdecided

Dhavenotdecided3主语+介词（短语）：with,except,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,over,besides,togetherwith,like,including,inadditionto等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。ThemanwithhsdaughtersandsonsiswatchingTV.Thegirlsaswellastheteacheraredancing.考例：1）E-mail,aswellastelephones,______animportantroleinourdailylife(1999上海)Aplaying

Bplay

Cplays

Dhaveplayed2)Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_______tothenationasagift.(MET1990)Aisoffered

Bhasoffered

Careoffered

Dhaveoffered4不定代词either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.Eitheroftheshirtsfitsmeverywell.Noneofthefarmershas(have)beenabroad.5manya(an)+名词和morethanone+名词做主语时谓语用单数。Manyanappleisinthebasket.Morethanonestamphasbeencollectedbyher.6在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。Threeandfouris(are)seven.Twotimestenis(are)twenty.7当kindof,pairof,typeof等做主语时，谓语与of前的kind,pair,type等保持一致。如：Thispairoftrousersfitsyou.Thekindoftheappletastesdelicious.8当alotof,lotsof,plentyof等短语作主语时，谓语与of后的保持一致。Thereareplentyofeggsinthebasket.Lotsofmeathasbeensoldout.考例：Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_______ofdesert______coveredtheland.(上海)Anumber,has

Bquantity,hasCnumber,have

Dquantity,have9当分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语与背面的名词保持一致。Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.70percentofpeoplehaveknownaboutthetruth.考例：_______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海)ATwofifth,is

BTwofifth,are

CTwofifth,isDTwofifths,are10在oneof+复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是oneof构造，定语从句用复数，若是the(only)oneof构造，定语从句用单数。Zhouxiaisoneofthegirlswholikehiking.Tianliliistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspassedtheexam.考例：Heistheonlyofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海)Ais

Bare

Chavebeen

Dhasbeen11“anumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，”thenumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。Thenumberofbooksisnomorethan100,butanumberofthemisoflittleuse.考例：thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET1996)Awere,was

Bwas,was

Cwas,were,

Dwere,were二、意义上一致1当表达时间，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时谓语用单数。Tenyearsisquitealongtime.2当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。Therichliveahappylife,whilethepoorliveahardlife.Thewoundedisourcaptain.3当maths(mathematics),politics,physics等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数，但前有物主代词修饰指某人的某方面时，谓语用复数。Mathsisdifficulttolearn.

Hisphysicsarepoor.4用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingbook.

TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.5如果名词词组的中心词是all,most,half,rest,part等词语，表达的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。（单独all作主语，指人用复数，指物用单数）。Alloftherubbishwasclearedaway.

Alloftheclassmateshavepassedtheexamination.6当集合名词family,class,army,group,team,enemy,government,public,couple等作主语时，如果主语看作一种整体，谓语用单数，如果看作其中的组员（个体时）谓语用复数。Class3areunabletoagreeontheplan.

HisfamilyhasjustmovedtoBeijing.7有的名词如police,cattle,people,clothes,trousers等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是单数、复数相似，如sheep,deer,aircraft,mean,fish,works,

species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来拟定其谓语的单复数形式。Shortlyaftertheaccident,thepoliceweresenttokeeporder.考例：Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear(上海)。Aisused

Bareused

Chasbeenused

Dhavebeenused三、就近一致1连词or,either…or,not…but,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,whether…or等连词并列作主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。EitheryouorIamgoingtoanswerhisquestion.NotonlyhebutalsohisfriendshavebeentoNewYork.考例：Eitheryouortheheadmaster______theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting(1994上海)Aishandingout

Baretohandout

Carehandingout

Distohandout2在therebe构造中，如果主语不只是一种，谓语普通和邻近的，即每一种主语一致。如：Thereisadeskandthreechairsintheroom.Therearethreechairsandadeskintheroom.Addition:体现祝愿的句型。1)I/We/Letus+wish

sb.+sth.Iwishyouhappiness.Iwishyouafullrecovery.Iwishyoueverysuccessinyournewpost.Letuswishyoutheverybestofluck.2)主语（IWeLetus）+wish+sb.+todosth.Iwishyoutosucceedinyourperformance.Letuswishyoutowinstillgreatervictoriesinthescientificresearch.3)主语(IWe)hope+宾语从句Ihopeallisgoingwellwithyourfamily.4)May+主语+动词原形+其它Mayyoubothbealwayshappy.Mayyoureturnsafeandsound.Mayallhappinessattendyou.5)主语（I/We/letme）+send/offer+宾语+forLetmeoffermyheartygoodwishedforyoursuccess.6)名词＋tosb.Successtoyouall!Agoodjourneytoyou!Goodlucktoeveryone!1.Writingstoriesandarticles_______whatI’mfondof.Ais

Bwere

Care

Dhavebeen2.EitheryouorI________goingtoattendthemeeting.Ais

Bare

Cam

Dwill3.---Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,______togotouniversity.----SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.tohope4.Thesingerandcomposer______comingnextMonday.Ais

Bare

Cwere

Dwas5.Theyoung________toberudetotheoldinsomeareasnowadaysAseem

Bseems

Cseeming

Dseemed6.Lilyisoneofthestudentswho_______skating.Alikes

Blike

Cliked

Dliking7.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither______anyendtotheirinfluenceonman`slives.A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere8.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,_______?A.isn’titB,isitC.isn’theD.ishe9.Itwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalguide_________.A.wasthemountainclimberrescuedB.thatthemountainclimberwasrescuedC.whenthemountainclimberrescuedD.thenthemountainclimberwasrescued10.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______thatI’mtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom11.Seventypercentofthestudentshere______fromthecountryside.A.isB.areC.comesD.hascome12.Three—fourthsofthehomework______today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished13.Only_____intheschool______beenrepaired.A.onethirdofthedesks;hasB.onethirddesks;haveC.onethirdofthedesks;haveD.onethirdofdesks;have14.About40_____ofthepopulationofthatcountry______onfarms.A.percent;livesB.percent;liveC.percents;liveD.percents;lives15.Morethan60percentofworld’sradioprogrammes______inEnglish.A.isB.wasC.areD.be16.ThetotalnumberofthepopulationinChina_______about100milliononApril14,1989.A.addedupB.wasC.wereD.rose17.Alargenumberofthestudentsinourclass_______girls.A.areB.wasC.isD.be18.Thenumberofstudentsofthisschool______large.A.areB.wasC.isD.be19.Thewholeclass______theteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening20.TheChinesepeople______hard—workingandbrave.AareB.isC.hasbeenD.arebeing21.Thepolice_______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching22.Thosewho______in_____compositions,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.A.hasn’thanded;hisB.haven’thanded;hisC.hashanded;theirD.havehanded;his23.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho______bytheirteacher.A.arepraisedB.ispraisedC.praisedD.praising24.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is25.Thesubjectofphysics_______alwaysinterestedhim.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are26.There______plentyofraininthesummer.Ais

Bare

Chas

Dhave27.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica_______oneofthemostlargestcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were28.TheOlympicGames________heldevery_______years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five29.Her______toherchildren’sfaults______quiteextraordinary.A.blind;isB.blind;areC.blindness;isD.blindness;are30.Where_______rubbish,thereareflies.A.thereareB.thereisC.isD.therehas31.Thenewsofvictories_______spendingfarandwide.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.were32.Agreatdealofenergy______thisway.A.arewastedB.werewastedC.iswastedD.wastes33.Thepaperforbooksandnewspapers_______madeofwood.A.areB.isC.haveD.has34.Theairinbigcities______verydirty.A.areoftenmadeB.isoftenmadeC.haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmade35.Therestoftheapplesinourclass_______withinhalfanhour.A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldout36.“All______presentandall______goingonwell.”ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are37.Therich______notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have38.______canbedone______beendone.A.All;haveB.Allthat;haveC.All;hasD.Allthat;has39.Manyaman_______cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are40.Whatyousaidjustnow_______thematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtodoatB.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtowith41.Maryaswellashersisters________ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study42.Noonebutherparents_______it.A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknowing43.Alice,togetherwiththetwoboys,______forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished44.Everyonehere,includingchildrenandoldpeople,______inforsports.A.goB.goingC.togoD.goes45.I,who______yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.A.beB.amC.areD.is46.ItisIwho______wrong.A.isBamC.areD.is47.Nobirdandnobeast______inthelonelyisland.A.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees48.Everymeans______preventthewaterfrom_______.A.areusedto;pollutingB.getusedto;pollutingC.isusedto;pollutedD.isusedto;beingpolluted49.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI______goodatpaintingbothofus_____goodatpainting.A.are;areB.am;areC.is;isD.are;is50.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother______toattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.isB.areC.aregoingD.have51.NeithermyfathernorI______athome.A.amB.isC.areD.be52.Everyboyandeverygirl______toattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.likeD.islike53.Inwinterwetclothes______nearfire.A.oftenhangedupB.areoftenhangedupC.isoftenhungupD.areoftenhungup54.Applesofthiskind________.A.tastesgoodB.tasteswellC.tastegoodD.tastewell55.Yourtrousers______dirty,youmusthave______washed.A.is;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them56.Theleaguesecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were57.Johnhastwobrothers,buteither_______outofworknow.A.areB.isC.hasD.have58.Theresultsoftheexam______thatyouhaveallmadegreat_______.A.show;