第三册英文翻译

PAGEPAGE4U011RTIhaveonlyoncebeenintroublewiththelaw.Thewholeprocessofbeingarrestedandtakentocourtwasaratherunpleasantexperienceatthetime,butitmakesagoodstorynow.Whatmakesitratherdisturbingwasthearbitrary

circumstancesbothofmyarrestandmysubsequent

fateincourt.我平生只有一次跟警方发生纠葛。被捕和出庭的整个过程在当时是一件非常不愉快的事，但现在倒成了一篇很好的故事。这次经历令人可恼之处在于围绕着我的被捕以及随后庭上审讯而出现的种种武断专横的情况。3RTOnemorningIwasinRichmond,asuburbofLondonnearwhereIlived.IwaslookingforatemporaryjobsothatIcouldsaveupsomemoneytogotravelling.AsitwasafinedayandIwasinnohurry,Iwastakingmytime,lookinginshopwindows,strollinginthepark,andsometimesjuststoppingandlookingaroundme.Itmusthavebeenthisobviousaimlessnessthatledtomydownfall.一天早晨，我来到里士满。这里是伦敦的一个郊区，离我住的地方不远。我在寻找一份临时工作，以便积些钱去旅游。由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。现在看来，一定是这种明显的毫无目的的游逛，使我倒了霉。4RTItwasabouthalfpastelevenwhenithappened.Iwasjustwalkingoutofthelocallibrary,havingunsuccessfullysoughtemploymentthere,whenIsawamanwalkingacrosstheroadwiththeobviousintentionoftalkingtome.Ithoughthewasgoingtoaskmethetime.Instead,hesaidhewasapoliceofficerandhewasarrestingme.AtfirstIthoughtitwassomekindofjoke.Butthenanotherpolicemanappeared,thistimeinuniform,andIwasleftinnodoubt.事情发生在11点半钟光景。我在当地图书馆谋职未成，刚刚走出来，便看到一个人穿越马路，显然是要来跟我说话。我以为他要问我时间，不料他说他是警官，要逮捕我。起先我还以为这是在开玩笑，但又一个警察出现在我的面前，这次是位身着警服的，这一下使我确信无疑了。13RTThenImademybigmistake.AtthetimeIwasnineteen,hadlonguntidyhair,andregardedmyselfaspartofthesixties'"youthcounterculture".Asaresult,Iwantedtoappearcoolandunconcernedwiththeincident,soIsaid,"Howlonghaveyoubeenfollowingme?"inthemostcasualandconversationaltoneIcouldmanage.Ithusappearedtothemtobequitefamiliarwiththissortofsituation,anditconfirmedthemintheirbeliefthatIwasathoroughly

disreputablecharacter.接着，我犯了一个大错误。其时我年方19，留一头蓬乱的长发，自认为是60年代“青年反主流文化”的一员。所以我想装出一副冷漠的、对这一事件满不在乎的样子。于是我尽量用一种漫不经心的极其随便的腔调说，“你们跟踪我多久啦?”这样一来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套的了，也使他们更加确信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋。17RTAtthepolicestationtheyquestionedmeforseveralhours.Icontinuedtotrytolookworldlyandaufaitwiththesituation.WhentheyaskedmewhatIhadbeendoing,ItoldthemI'dbeenlookingforajob."Aha,"Icouldseethemthinking,"unemployed."在警察局，他们审讯了我好几个小时。我继续装成老于世故、对这种事习以为常。当他们问我在干什么时，我告诉他们在找工作。“啊，”我可以想象他们在想，“果然是个失业的家伙。”19RTIwantedtoconductmyowndefenceincourt,butassoonasmyfatherfoundoutwhathadhappened,hehiredaverygoodsolicitor.WewentalongthatMondayarmedwithallkindsofwitnesses,includingmyEnglishteacherfromschoolasacharacterwitness.Buthewasnevercalledontogiveevidence.My"trial"didn'tgetthatfar.Themagistratedismissedthecaseafterfifteenminutes.Iwasfree.Thepoorpolicehadneverstoodachance.Thesolicitorevensucceededingettingcostsawardedagainstthepolice.我想在法庭上作自我辩护，但父亲知道这事后，马上请了一位高明的律师。我们星期一出庭的时候，带了各种各样的证人，其中包括我中学的英语老师，做我人品的见证人。但结果法庭没有叫他作证。我的“审判”没有进行到那一步。开庭15分钟，法官就驳回了对我的指控。我无罪获释。可怜的警方败诉，我的律师甚至让法庭责成警方承担了诉讼费用。20RTAndsoIdonothaveacriminalrecord.Butwhatwasmostshockingatthetimewasthethingsmyreleasefromthechargesoclearlydependedon.Ihadthe"right"accent,respectable

middle-classparentsincourt,reliablewitnesses,andIcouldobviouslyaffordaverygoodsolicitor.Giventheobscurenatureofthecharge,IfeelsurethatifIhadcomefromadifferentbackground,andhadreallybeenunemployed,thereiseverychancethatIwouldhavebeenfoundguilty.Whileaskingforcoststobeawarded,mysolicitor'scasequiteobviouslyrevolvedaroundthefactthatIhada"brilliantacademicrecord".这样，我的履历上没有留下犯罪的记录。但当时最令人震惊的，是那些显然导致宣布我无罪的证据。我讲话的口音“表明我教养良好”，到庭的有体面的中产阶级的双亲，有可靠的证人，还有，我显然请得起一名很好的律师。从对我指控的这种捕风捉影的做法来看，我肯定，如果我出身在另一种背景的家庭里，并且真的是失了业的话，我完全可能被判有罪。当我的律师要求赔偿诉讼费时，他公然把辩护的证据建立在我“学业优异”这一事实上。21RTMeanwhile,justoutsidethecourtroom,oneofthepolicemenwhohadarrestedmewasgloomilycomplainingtomymotherthatanotheryoungsterhadbeenturnedagainstthepolice."Youcouldhavebeenabitmorehelpfulwhenwearrestedyou,"hesaidtomereproachfully.与此同时，就在审判室外面，一位抓我的警察正在沮丧地向我母亲抱怨，说是又一个小伙子要跟警察作对了。他带着责备的口气对我说，“我们抓你的时候，你本可以稍微帮点忙的。”22RTWhatdidhemean?PresumablythatIshouldhavelookedoutragedandsaidsomethinglike,"Lookhere,doyouknowwhoyou'retalkingto?Iamahighlysuccessfulstudentwithabrilliantacademicrecord.Howdareyouarrestme!"Thenthey,presumably,wouldhaveapologized,perhapseventakenofftheircaps,andletmeonmyway.他说这话什么意思?大概是说我本该显出愤愤不平的样子，并说，“喂，留神点，你知道你在跟谁说话?我是学业出众的高材生。你敢抓我!”那样一来，他们或许会向我道歉，说不定还会脱帽致意，让我走开呢。U022RTHere'showithappened:WewereplayingourownoralversionoftheSesame

Streetgame,"WhatDoesn'tBelong?",wherekidslookatthreepicturesandchoosetheonethatdoesn'tfit.Isaid,"OK,whatdoesn'tbelong,anorange,atomatoorastrawberry?"事情是这样的：当时我们在玩自己那套只动嘴的“哪个不是同一类？”的芝麻街游戏。本来玩这游戏时，孩子们要看三张画并挑出那张不属同一类的画。我说：“来吧，哪个不是同一类，桔子，西红柿，还是草莓？”3RTTheoldestdidn'ttakemorethanasecondtodeliverhissmuganswer:"Tomatobecausetheothertwoarefruits."Iagreedthatthiswastherightanswerdespitethefactthatsomepuristsinsistatomatoisafruit.Tothoseofusforcedaskidstoeattheminsalads,tomatoeswillalwaysbevegetables.Iwasabouttothinkupanothersetofthreewhenmy4-year-oldsaid,"Therightanswerisstrawberrybecausetheothertwoareroundandastrawberryisn't."HowcouldIarguewiththat?老大很快就说出了自以为非常得意的答案：“西红柿，因为其他两种是水果。”我承认这是正确答案，尽管有些纯粹主义者坚决认为西红柿是一种水果。对我们这些从小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西红柿的人来说，西红柿永远是蔬菜。我正准备再出一道三种东西为一组的题目时，我4岁的孩子说：“正确答案是草莓，因为另外两种是圆的，草莓却不圆。”我怎么能驳斥这种论点呢？6RTSomethingwasdefinitelyhappeninghere.Itwasmessierthanafoodfightandmuchmoreimportantthanwhetheratomatoisafruitorvegetable.MykidsweredoingwhatCopernicusdidwhenheplacedthesunatthecenteroftheuniverse,readjustingthecenturies-oldparadigmofanEarth-centeredsystem.TheyweredoingwhatReubenMattusdidwhenherenamedhisBronxicecreamHaagen-Dazsandraisedthepricewithoutchangingtheproduct.TheyweredoingwhatEdwardJennerdidwhenhediscoveredavaccinationforsmallpoxbyabandoninghisquestforacure.毫无疑问，这里正发生着什么事儿。这事儿比争抢食物还乱，比西红柿是水果还是蔬菜重要得多。哥白尼把太阳视为宇宙中心，重新调整了地心说这一长达数世纪的范式，我的孩子们正做着哥白尼当年做的事。鲁宾·马修斯把他的布朗克斯冰淇淋改名为哈根达斯，在不改变产品的情况下提高了价格，我的孩子们正做着鲁宾·马修斯做过的事。爱德华·詹纳放弃了寻找治疗天花的特效药，从而发现了能预防这一疾病的疫苗，我的孩子们正做着爱德华·詹纳做过的事。7RTInsteadofstudyingpeoplewhoweresickwithsmallpox,hebegantostudypeoplewhowereexposedtoitbutnevergotsick.Hefoundthatthey'dallcontractedasimilarbutmilderdisease,cowpox,whichvaccinatedthembooksandideas,butalsothelovethatateacherfeelsforthatrarestudentwhowalksintoateacher'slifeandbeginstobreathe.Perhapsloveisthewrongword:magicmightbebetter.但教书还会带来金钱和权力以外的东西：那便是爱。不仅是爱学习、爱书本、爱思想，而且还有老师对出类拔萃的学生的爱。这样的学生走进了老师的生活，老师自己也开始成长了。“爱”这个字也许用得不恰当：用“魔力”可能更为贴切。U041RTThee-mailwasinsomerespectssimilartoothernastylettersIreceive.IttookmetotaskformycommentsontheLosAngelesDodgersandarguedthatIhadgoteverythingwrong.However,thenotewasdifferentfromtheothersinatleasttwoways.这封电子邮件在某些方面与我收到的其他刻薄的信件相似。它痛斥我对洛杉矶道奇队的评论，并争辩说我把一切全都搞错了。然而，这个评论与其他的评论至少有两个方面不同。9RTIam30yearsold....BecauseIhaveaphysical

handicap,ittookmefiveyearstocompletemyassociate'sdegree....DuringtheseasonIaverage55hoursaweekwritinggamereports,editorials,researchingandlisteningand/orwatchinggames.我今年30岁。……因为我身有残疾，花了5年的时间才读完大专拿到文凭。……在棒球赛季，我每个星期平均花55小时写球赛报道，写评论，做研究，听比赛或者看比赛。15RTIstartedmyownwebsiteinhopesoffindingajob.Noluck.SowhatifmymaximumtypingspeediseightwordsperminutebecauseIuseaheadpointertotype?Mybrainworksfine.Ihavededicationtomywork.Thatiswhatmakespeoplesuccessful.我建起了自己的网站希望能找到一份工作。不过运气不佳。因为我使用一根绑在头上的小棒打字，最高的打字速度是每分钟8个字，可这又有什么要紧的呢？我的脑子挺好使，我对工作非常专注。这才是人们成功的关键。26RTShewrotethatshehadbecomeaDodgerfanwhilegrowingupinPasadena.InhersophomoreyearatBlairHigh,ajunior

varsitybaseballcoachaskedhertobetheteamstatistician.Shedidit,withatypewriterandaheadpointer.她写道，她在帕萨迪拉长大的时候成了道奇队的球迷。她上布莱尔高级中学二年级的时候，一位校少年棒球队的教练叫她去做球队的统计员。她做了，用的是一个打字机和一根绑在头上的小棒。29RTOkay,soIbelievedher.Sortof.Who,inhersupposedcondition,couldcoverabaseballteamwithoutthebestequipmentandhelp?Iwascurious,soIaskedifIcoulddriveovertoseeher.Sheagreed,givingmedetaileddirectionsinvolvingfarmroadsandstreetswithnonames.不错，我就这么相信了她。有几分信吧。在像她所称的那种情况下，有谁能没有最好的设备和帮助而报道一个棒球队呢？我很好奇，所以我问她我能不能开车过去看她。她同意了，并详细告诉我路怎么走，其中提到乡下的泥路和没有名字的街道。U051RTCominghomefromschoolthatdarkwinter'sdaysolongago,Iwasfilledwithanticipation.Ihadanewissueofmyfavoritesportsmagazinetuckedundermyarm,andthehousetomyself.Dadwasatwork,mysisterwasaway,andMotherwouldn'tbehomefromhernewjobforanhour.Iboundedupthesteps,burstintothelivingroomandflippedonalight.在很久以前一个昏暗的冬天，我放学回家，心中充满了期待。我腋下夹着一期新的我最爱看的体育杂志，再者，家里没有别人打扰我。爸爸在上班，妹妹不在家。妈妈刚找到新工作，还得过一个小时才下班。我跳上台阶，冲进起居室，啪嗒一声打开电灯。7RTIfelthelplessandoutofplace.Atage16IstillassumedMothercoulddoanything.Someyearsbefore,whenwesoldourranchandmovedtotown,Motherhaddecidedtoopenadaynursery.Shehadhadnotraining,butthatdidn'tstandinherway.Shesentawayfor

correspondencecoursesinchildcare,didthelessonsandinsixmonthsformally

qualifiedherselfforthetask.Itwasn'tlongbeforeshehadafullenrollmentandawaitinglist.IacceptedallthisasaperfectlynormalinstanceofMother'sability.我感到无能为力，而且十分尴尬。我虽然十六岁了，但仍然以为妈妈什么都能干。几年前，当我们卖掉农场，搬到城里住的时候，妈妈决定开办日托所。她过去没有受过这方面的训练，但这并不能阻碍她。她写信要求参加幼托函授课程，学习了六个月就正式获得从事这项工作的资格。不久她的日托所招生额满，而且还有不少小孩登记等着入托呢。我觉得凭妈妈的能力，办成这一切是理所当然的。8RTButneitherthenurserynorthemotelmyparentsboughtlaterhadprovidedenoughincometosendmysisterandmetocollege.IntwoyearsIwouldbereadyforcollege.Inthreemoremysisterwouldwanttogo.Timewasrunningout,andMotherwasfranticforwaystosavemoney.ItwasclearthatDadcoulddonomorethanhewasdoingalready—farming80acresinadditiontoholdingafulltimejob.然而，无论是托儿所或是我父母后来购买的汽车旅馆都不能提供足够的收入供我妹妹和我上大学。两年后就该是我上大学的时候了。再过三年，妹妹也要上了。时间一天天过去，妈妈拼命想办法积蓄钱。很清楚，爸爸已尽了最大努力--除了一份全日工作之外，还耕种了八十英亩地。10RT"That'sallwecanafford,"Mothersaid."It'sgoodenoughtolearnon."Andfromthatdayon,assoonasthetablewasclearedandthedishesweredone,Motherwoulddisappearintohersewingroomtopractice.Theslowtap,tap,tapwentonsomenightsuntilmidnight.“我们只买得起这样旧的，”妈妈说。“学打字用是够可以的了。”从那天起，餐桌一收拾，盘子一洗，妈妈马上到她的缝纫间去练习。有几天，那缓慢的嗒、嗒、嗒的声音一直持续到午夜。19RT"Iguessweallhavetofailsometime,"Mothersaidquietly.Icouldsenseherpainandthetensionofholdingbackthestrongemotionsthatwereinterruptedbymyarrival.Suddenly,somethinginsidemeturned.Ireachedoutandputmyarmsaroundher.“我想我们都不免有失败的时候，”妈妈平静地说。我可以感觉到她的痛苦，也感觉到她在极力抑制着由于我闯进来而被打断的强烈情感的发泄。突然，我心里一酸，伸开双臂，把妈妈搂在怀里。20RTShebrokethen.Sheputherfaceagainstmyshoulderandsobbed.Iheldhercloseanddidn'ttrytotalk.IknewIwasdoingwhatIshould,whatIcould,andthatitwasenough.Inthatmoment,feelingMother'sbackrackedwithemotion,Iunderstoodforthefirsttimehervulnerability.Shewasstillmymother,butshewassomethingmore:apersonlikeme,capableoffearandhurtandfailure.IcouldfeelherpainasshemusthavefeltmineonathousandoccasionswhenIhadsoughtcomfortinherarms.妈妈再也控制不住了。她把脸贴着我的肩膀，抽泣着。我紧紧抱着她，没有说话。我明白我是在做我应该做的和我所能做的，这就够了。妈妈非常激动，我感到她的背在颤抖。就在那一时刻，我第一次明白妈妈也有弱点。她还是我的妈妈，但又不仅如此：她和我一样也是一个普通的人，会害怕，会受到伤害，会遭遇失败。我感觉到她的痛苦，就像我千百次在她怀里寻求安慰时，她感到我的痛苦一样。21RTAweeklaterMothertookajobsellingdrygoodsathalfthesalarytheradiostationhadoffered."It'sajobIcando,"shesaidsimply.Buttheeveningpracticesessionsontheoldgreentypewritercontinued.IhadaverydifferentfeelingnowwhenIpassedherdooratnightandheardhertappingaway.Iknewtherewassomethingmoregoingonintherethanawomanlearningtotype.一周过后，妈妈找到一个卖纺织品的工作，工资只有原先电台的一半。“这是一个我能胜任的工作，”她简单地说道。但在晚上，她继续在那台绿色的旧打字机上练习。那时，每当我在夜晚走过她的房门前，听着她那一刻不停的嗒、嗒的打字声时，我的感情与过去迥然不同了。我深知，在那个房间里进行着的绝不仅仅是一个妇女在学习打字。22RTWhenIleftforcollegetwoyearslater,Motherhadanofficejobwithbetterpayandmoreresponsibility.IhavetobelievethatinsomestrangewayshelearnedasmuchfromhermomentofdefeatasIdid,becauseseveralyearslater,whenIhadfinishedschoolandproudlyacceptedajobasanewspaperreporter,shehadalreadybeenajournalistwithourhometownpaperforsixmonths.两年后我上大学时，妈妈找到一份薪金比原来高但责任也比原来重的办公室工作。使我不得不相信的是，妈妈不可思议地从失败中学到的东西竟与我所学到的一样多。因为几年后，我大学毕业、自豪地受聘担任报纸记者时，她已在我们家乡的报社里当了六个月的记者了。23RTTheoldgreentypewritersitsinmyofficenow,unrepaired.Itisamemento,butwhatitrecallsformeisnotquitewhatitrecalledforMother.WhenI'mhavingtroublewithastoryandthinkaboutgivinguporwhenIstarttofeelsorryformyselfandthinkthingsshouldbeeasierforme,Irollapieceofpaperintothatcrankyoldmachineandtype,wordbypainfulword,justthewayMotherdid.WhatIrememberthenisnotherfailure,buthercourage,thecouragetogoahead.那台绿色旧打字机现在放在我的办公室里，至今没有修理过。它是一件纪念品。但它所勾起的我的回忆与妈妈的不尽相同。每当我写文章遇到困难想打退堂鼓时，或是自叹不走运时，我就往那台破旧的打字机里卷进一张纸，像妈妈当年一样，一个字一个字地吃力地打着。这时，我回忆起的不是妈妈的失败，而是她的勇气，她那一往无前的勇气。U0613RTDownstairs,thedoctorleftthreedifferentmedicinesindifferentcoloredcapsuleswithinstructionsforgivingthem.Onewastobringdownthefever,anotherapurgative,thethirdtoovercomeanacidcondition.Thegermsofinfluenzacanonlyexistinanacidcondition,heexplained.Heseemedtoknowallaboutinfluenzaandsaidtherewasnothingtoworryaboutifthefeverdidnotgoaboveonehundredandfourdegrees.Thiswasalightepidemicoffluandtherewasnodangerifyouavoidedpneumonia.下楼后，医生留下用不同颜色胶囊包装的三种药丸，并嘱咐如何服用。一种药退烧，另一种润肠、通便，还有一种是去酸。他解释说，流感细菌只能在酸性环境中生存。他似乎对流感很内行，并说，如果发烧不超过一百零四度，就用不着担心。这是轻度流感，只要当心不引起肺炎，就无危险。20RTIsatatthefootofthebedandreadtomyselfwhileIwaitedforittobetimetogiveanothercapsule.Itwouldhavebeennaturalforhimtogotosleep,butwhenIlookeduphewaslookingatthefootofthebed,lookingverystrangely.我坐在床的脚端自个儿看书，等着到时间再给他服一粒药丸。按理，他本该睡着了。然而，当我抬头看时，他却双眼盯着床的脚端，神情异常。26RTIthoughtperhapshewasalittlelightheadedandaftergivinghimtheprescribedcapsulesateleveno'clockIwentoutforawhile.Itwasabright,coldday,thegroundcoveredwithasleetthathadfrozensothatitseemedasifallthebaretrees,thebushes,thecutbrushandallthegrassandthebaregroundhadbeenvarnishedwithice,ItooktheyoungIrish

setterforawalkuptheroadandalongafrozencreek,butitwasdifficulttostandorwalkontheglassysurfaceandthereddogslippedandslitheredandIfelltwice,hard,oncedroppingmygunandhavingitslideawayovertheice.我想，或许他有点儿神志不清了。十一点钟，照规定给他服药后，我便出去了一会儿。那是个晴朗而又寒冷的日子，地上覆盖着一层已结成冰的冻雨，就像那光秃秃的树木，那灌木丛，那砍下的树枝，以及所有的草坪和空地都用冰漆过似的。我带着我那条幼小的爱尔兰猎犬，沿着大路和一条冰冻的小溪散步。但在这玻璃般平滑的地面上站立和行走是很困难的。红毛狗一路上连跌带滑，我自己也摔倒了两次，都是挺重的。一次猎枪也摔丢了，在冰上滑出去老远。27RTWeflushedacoveyofquailunderahighclaybankwithoverhangingbrushandIkilledtwoastheywentoutofsightoverthetopofthebank.Someofthecoveylitintrees,butmostofthemscatteredintobrushpilesanditwasnecessarytojumpontheice-coatedmoundsofbrushseveraltimesbeforetheywouldflush.Comingoutwhileyouwerepoised

unsteadilyontheicy,springybrushtheymadedifficultshootingandIkilledtwo,missedfive,andstartedbackpleasedtohavefoundacoveyclosetothehouseandhappythereweresomanylefttofindonanotherday.高高的土堤上长着倒垂下来的灌木丛，我们从那下面撵起了一群鹌鹑。当它们快要从堤岸上消失时，我击落了两只。有几只鹌鹑停落在树上，但大部分飞散了，钻进了灌木丛。你得在这些被冰裹着的树丛上跳上好几下，才能把它们惊起。当你在这些既滑又有弹性的树丛上摇摇晃晃尚未立稳之际，它们却飞了出来，使你很难射中。我击落了两只，却让它们逃掉了五只。动身返回时，我感到很高兴，因为我在离家不远的地方发现了一群鹌鹑，而且还剩下许多，改日可再去搜寻猎取。U082RTManyyoungstershaveheardwordslikethosefromtheirparents.Anduntilrecentlythishostile

attitudetowardsdaydreamingwasthemostcommonone.Daydreamingwasviewedasawasteoftime.Oritwasconsideredanunhealthyescapefromreallifeanditsduties.Butnowsomepeoplearetakingafreshlookatdaydreaming.Somethinkitmaybeaveryhealthythingtodo.许多年轻人都听到他们的父母讲过类似的话。直到最近，这种对白日做梦的敌视态度仍是人们最常见的态度。白日做梦被视为浪费时间，或被看成是逃避现实生活及其责任的一种不健康的倾向。但现在有人对此持一种新的见解。有些人认为，白日做梦或许是一件十分有益于健康的事情。3RTAttitudestowardsdaydreamingarechanginginmuchthesamewaythatattitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.Onceitwasthoughtthatnighttimedreamsinterferedwithourneededrest.Butthenresearcherstriedinterruptingthedreamsofsleepers.Theylearnedthatsleeperswhoaren'tallowedtodreamlosethebenefitsofrest.Theybecometenseandanxious.Theybecomeirritable.Theyhavetroubleconcentrating.Theirmentalhealthistemporarilydamaged.Tofeelwellagain,theymustbeallowedtodream.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。人们曾一度以为夜间做梦干扰我们所需的休息。后来，研究人员设法打断睡眠者的梦。他们获悉不让睡眠者做梦，他们反而得不到有益的休息。这些人变得紧张不安，烦躁易怒。他们的注意力难以集中。他们会暂时在精神上受到损害。要恢复健康，就得让他们做梦。4RTNowresearchersarefindingthatdaydreamingmayalsobeimportanttomentalhealth.Daydreaming,theytellus,isagoodmeansofrelaxation.Butitsbenefitsgobeyondthis.Anumberofpsychologistshaveconductedexperimentsandhavereachedsomesurprisingconclusions.如今研究人员正发现白日做梦对人的精神可能也有重要的影响。他们说，白日做梦是一种很好的休息方式。其好处还不止于此。一些心理学家已经进行过试验，并得出一些令人吃惊的结论。5RTDr.JoanT.Freyberghasconcludedthatdaydreamingcontributestointellectualgrowth.Italsoimprovesconcentration,attentionspan,andtheabilitytogetalongwithothers,shesays.Inanexperimentwithschoolchildren,thissameresearcherfoundthatdaydreamingledthechildrentopaymoreattentiontodetail.Theyhadmorehappyfeelings.Theyworkedtogetherbetter.Anotherresearcherreportedthatdaydreamingseemedtoproduceimprovedself-controlandcreativeabilities.琼·T·弗赖伯格博士得出结论说，白日做梦有助于智力的发展。她说，白日做梦还能使人更加专注，延长注意力集中的时间，并改善与别人相处的能力。在对上学的儿童进行的一项试验中，这位研究人员还发现白日做梦使孩子们更加注意细节。他们的精神更加愉快。他们相互间合作得更好。另一名研究人员报告说，白日做梦似乎能改善自我克制力与创造力。6RTButthat'sonlypartofthestory.Themostremarkablethingaboutdaydreamingmaybeitsusefulnessinshapingourfuturelivesaswewantthemtobe.Industrialist

HenryJ.Kaiserbelievedthatmuchofhissuccesswasduetothepositiveuseofdaydreaming.Hemaintainedthat"youcanimagineyourfuture."FlorenceNightingaledreamedofbecominganurse.TheyoungThomasEdison

picturedhimselfasaninventor.Forthesenotableachievers,itappearsthattheirdaydreamscametrue.但这些仅是一部分情况。有关白日做梦的最引人注目的事情，或许是它在按我们自己的意愿创造未来生活方面所起的有益作用。工业家亨利·J·凯泽相信，他的成功相当程度上应归功于积极利用白日做梦。他坚持说:“你尽可以想象自己的未来。”佛洛伦斯·南丁格尔曾梦想成为护士。年轻的托马斯·爱迪生也曾把自己想象成一位发明家。对这些著名的成功者来说，似乎他们的白日梦统统变成了现实。7RTDr.HarryEmersonFosdickbelievedthatthewaywepictureourselvesisoftenthewayweturnout.Heofferedthisadvice:"Holdapictureofyourself...inyourmind'seye,andyouwillbedrawntowardit.Pictureyourselfvividlyasdefeated,andthatalonewillmakevictoryimpossible.Pictureyourselfaswinning,andthatwillcontributeimmeasurablytosuccess.Donotpictureyourselfasanything,andyouwilldrift..."哈里·埃默森·福斯迪克博士相信，我们想象自己成为什么样的人，结果往往就成为什么样的人。他劝告说:“在你的心目中树立起一个你自己的形象……，这样，你就会向这个形象靠拢。倘使你把自己惟妙惟肖地想象成一个失败者，单这一点就会使胜利化为泡影。你若把自己想象成一个胜利者，这将对你的成功起到不可估量的作用。如果你心目中没有一个确立的形象，你就会随波逐流……”8RTTheexperiencesofsomeathletesseemtoconfirmthisbelief.Forinstance,JohnUelses,aformerpole-vaulting

champion,useddaydreamingtechniquesbeforeeachmeet.Hewouldimaginehimselfwinning.Hewouldvividlypicturehimselfclearingthebaratacertainheight.Hewouldgooverallthedetailsinhismind.Hewouldpicturethestadiumandthecrowds.He'devenimaginethesmellofthegrassandtheearth.Hesaidthatthisexerciseoftheimaginationleftmemorytracesinhismindthatwouldlaterhelphisactualperformance.一些运动员的经历似乎证实了这种看法。例如，前撑杆跳冠军约翰·尤尔塞斯每次比赛前都使用白日做梦的技术。他想象自己赢得胜利。他逼真地想象自己在某一高度是怎样越过横竿的。他会把所有的细节一一地在脑海里审察一遍。他会想象到体育场和观众的情景。他甚至想象出草坪和泥土发出的气味。他说，这种想像力的运用在脑子里留下记忆痕。这些记忆痕将有助于他的临场发挥。9RTWhywouldamentalvisionofsuccesshelpproducerealsuccess?Dr.MaxwellMaltz,asurgeonandauthor,saysthis:"Yournervoussystemcannottellthedifferencebetweenanimaginedexperienceandarealexperience.Ineithercaseitreactsautomaticallytoinformationthatyougiveit...Itreactsappropriatelytowhatyouthinkorimaginetobetrue."为什么脑子里的一个成功形象会有助于取得实际的成功?身为外科医生兼作家的马克斯韦尔·莫尔茨博士是这样解释的：“你的精神系统不能区别想象的经历和实际的经历。无论哪种情况，它都自动地对你给的信息作出反应……它对你信以为真或想象为实的情况做出恰当的反应。”11RTCanyouusepurposefuldaydreamingtoshapeyourownfuture?Whynottry?Hereishowthosewhobelieveincreativedaydreamingrecommend

goingaboutit.Chooseatimewhenyoucanbealoneandundisturbed.Closeyoureyes,topermityourimaginationtosoarmorefreely.Manypeoplefindthattheygetbestresultsbypretendingthattheyaresittingbeforealargescreen.Theyprojectthedesiredimageofthemselvesontothatscreen.你会利用有意识的白日做梦来创造自己的前程吗?你不妨试一试。下面是那些相信白日做梦的创造性的人推荐的方法。选一个你能独自一人不受打扰的时间。闭上你的眼睛，让你的想像力更加自由地翱翔。许多人发现，如果假想自己坐在一个大的屏幕前，则可以获得最佳效果。他们可以将自己的理想的形象放映到这个屏幕上。12RTNowpictureyourself—asvividlyaspossible—thewayyouwanttobe.Remembertopictureyourdesiredgoalsasifyouhadalreadyattainedthem.Gooverallthedetailsofthispicture.Seethemclearlyandsharply.Impressthemstronglyonyourmemory.Theresultingmemorytraceswillsupposedlystartaffectingyoureverydaylife.Theywillhelpleadyoutotheattainmentofyourgoals.现在你就来尽可能生动地按你所希望的那样想象一下你自己吧。记住将你想达到的目标想象成似乎你已达到了。仔细琢磨一番这一图像的全部细节。每一个细节都要看得清楚、明晰。将这些细节深深地刻印在你的记忆里。这样生成的记忆痕，据信会影响你的日常生活。它们将帮助把你引向你要达到的目标。13RTOfcoursedaydreamingisnosubstituteforhardwork.Ifit'sathletic

achievementyouwant,youalsohavetogetlotsofpracticeinyoursport.Youhavetoworkhardtodevelopskills.Ifit'sschoolsuccessyou'reafter,youcan'tneglectstudying.Daydreamingalonecan'tturnyouintoyourheart'sdesire.Butincombinationwiththemoreusualmethodsofself-development,itmightmakeacriticaldifference.Itcouldbethedifferencebetweenbecomingmerelygoodatsomethingandbecomingachampion.当然，白日做梦绝不能代替艰苦的努力。如果你要在运动上有所成就，你还得进行大量的练习。你得努力提高技术。如果你要学业优异，你绝不能忽视学习。单是白日做梦不能使你功成名就，如愿以偿。但与较为通常的自我提高的方法结合起来，它就有可能起关键性的作用。是仅仅干得好一些，还是成为冠军，其差别往往在此一举。14RTIfwhatresearchersaresayingistrue,alifelivedwithoutfantasiesanddaydreamsisn'tasrichandrewardingaslifecanbe.Sotheysuggestsettingasideafewminuteseachdayfordaydreaming.Bysodoing,youmayimproveyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.Bytakingaten-orfifteen-minute"vacation"intotherealmofimaginationeachday,youmayaddmuchtotheexcitementandenjoymentofyourlife.Andwhoknows:Youmightseeyourowndaydreamscometrue.假如研究人员所说是真，那么没有想入非非、白日做梦的生活就不可能是丰富多彩和富有成就的。因此研究人员建议每天留出几分钟用于白日做梦。这样做，可以改善你的身心健康。每天放上10分钟或15分钟的“假”，到想象的王国里去遨游一番，可以为你的生活增添许多兴奋和乐趣。说不定你真的会见到你的白日梦成为现实呢。U101RTTomostpeoplethetermtechnologyconjuresupimagesofsmokysteelmillsornoisymachines.Perhapstheclassic

representationoftechnologyisstilltheassemblylinecreatedbyHenryFordhalfacenturyagoandmadeintoasocialsymbolbyCharlieChaplininModernTimes.Thissymbol,however,hasalwaysbeeninadequateandmisleading,fortechnologyhasalwaysbeenmorethanfactoriesandmachines.TheinventionofthehorsecollarinthemiddleagesledtomajorchangesinagriculturalmethodsandwasasmuchatechnologicaladvanceastheinventionoftheBessemerfurnacecenturieslater.

Moreover,technologyincludestechniques,orwaystodothings,aswellasthemachinesthatmayormaynotbenecessarytoapplythem.Itincludeswaystomakechemicalreactionsoccur,waystobreedfish,plantforests,lighttheaters,countvotesorteachhistory.对大多数人来说，“技术”这个词往往使人联想到浓烟滚滚的钢铁厂或是轰隆作响的机器。或许，技术的经典代表仍然是半个世纪之前亨利·福特首创的流水装配线。在电影《摩登时代》里，查理·卓别林则将流水装配线变成现代社会的象征。然而，这一象征并不完善，且易引起误解，因为技术从来就不仅仅是工厂和机器。中世纪发明的马轭导致了耕种方法的重大变革，它与几世纪后发明的贝西默鼓风炉一样是重大的技术进步。再者，除机器外，技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而这些技艺、方法的运用并不一定都要机器。技术包括促成化学反应的方法，包括养鱼、造林、剧院照明、选票统计以及历史教学的方法等等。2RTTheoldsymbolsoftechnologyareevenmoremisleadingtoday,whenthemostadvancedtechnologicalprocessesarecarriedoutfarfromassemblylinesorblastfurnaces.Indeed,inelectronics,inspacetechnology,inmostofthenewindustries,quietandcleansurroundingsarecharacteristic—evensometimesessential.Andtheassemblyline—theorganizationoflargenumbersofmentocarryoutsimplerepetitivefunctions—isoutdated.Itistimeforoursymbolsoftechnologytochange—tocatchupwiththequickeningchangesintechnologyitself.到了今天，旧的技术象征更会引起误解，因为当今最先进的工艺流程是在远离流水装配线和鼓风炉的地方进行的。实际上，在电子技术、太空技术以及大部分新兴工业中，安静和清洁的环境是其特色——有时甚至是必不可少的。而流水装配线——组织大批的人从事简单的重复性的劳动——已经过时。现在该是更换我们的技术象征的时候了——以便赶上技术本身越来越快的变化。3RTThisaccelerationisfrequentlydramatizedbyabriefaccountoftheprogressintransportation.Ithasbeenpointedout,forexample,thatin6000BCthefastesttransportationavailabletomanoverlongdistanceswasthecamel

caravan,averagingeightmilesperhour(mph).Itwasnotuntilabout1600BCwhenthechariotwasinventedthatthemaximumspeedwasraisedtoroughlytwentymilesperhour.简要地回顾一下交通发展史，工艺技术的这种加速变化往往便可得到生动形象的说明。譬如，有人指出，在公元前6千年的时候，人类远距离交通的最快手段是骆驼运输队，平均每小时8英里。直到公元前大约1千6百年双轮马拉战车的发明，才将最高速度提高到每小时20英里。4RTSoimpressivewasthisinvention,sodifficultwasittoexceedthisspeedlimit,thatnearly3,500yearslater,whenthefirstmailcoachbeganoperatinginEnglandin1784,itaveragedameretenmph.Thefirststeamlocomotive,introducedin1825,couldhaveatopspeedofonlythirteenmphandthegreatsailingshipsofthetimelaboredalongatlessthanhalfthatspeed.Itwasprobablynotuntilthe1880'sthatman,withthehelpofamoreadvancedsteamlocomotive,managedtoreachaspeedofonehundredmph.Ittookthehumanracemillionsofyearstoattainthatrecord.双轮马拉战车是