Unit 5 课时4 Section B2a-2e【学案】（核心提要+精讲专练） 人教版 八年级下册英语教材讲义

Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame？课时4SectionB（2a-2e）Learningaims:Tolearnthenewwords:passage,pupil,completely,silence,recently,date,tower,truth.2.能用所学单词和句型讨论过去的事情。3.能从文章标题和每段首句中获取信息。4.能运用when,while表达某动作、某事件发生的时间。重点词汇和短语1._________________n.段落，章节2._________________n.学生3._________________adv.彻底地，完全地4._________________adj.惊愕的；受震惊的5._________________n.沉默；缄默；无声6._________________adv.最近，不久前7._________________n.恐怖分子；恐怖主义者8._________________n.日期；日子9._________________n.塔；塔楼10._________________n.事实；实情11.___________________________在……旁边12.___________________________等待13.___________________________经过14.___________________________朝……走15.___________________________沉默；无声16.___________________________摧毁17.___________________________做某事有困难1.Peopleoftenrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenewsofimportanteventsinhistory.人们常常记得当他们听到历史上的重大事件时他们在干什么。hear动词，意为＂听说＂。常用结构为：（1）hearsbdosth意为＂听见某人做某事＂。（2）hearsbdoingsth意为＂听见某人正在做某事＂。（3）hearof/aboutsb/sth意为＂听说某人或某事＂。（4）hearfromsb意为＂收到某人的来信＂。（5）hear+that从句意为＂听说……＂。我们经常听到吉米在家里弹钢琴。Weoften_______________Jimmy_______________thepianoathome.2.Onthisday,Dr.MartinLutherKingwaskilled.在这一天，马丁﹒路德﹒金博士遇害了。本句中Dr.MartinLutherKing是kill的承受者，此时要用被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主要用法：（1）不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者要用被动语态。（2）强调动作的承受者，此时若想同时指出动作的执行者，可用＂by+动作执行者＂来表示。一般过去时态的被动语态结构为＂was/were+及物动词的过去分词＂。☞Thehousewasbuiltin2001(byus).这房子是（我们）2001年建的。☞ThebookwaswrittenbyMoYan.这本书是由莫言写的。☞Somegraduatesweresenttomountainvillagestoteachchildrenthere.一些大学毕业生被派往山村教那里的孩子们。Thenewrailway_______________inourhometownin2013.A.wasbuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbuilt3.RobertAllenisnowover50,buthewasaschoolpupilatthattime.罗伯特﹒艾伦现在50多岁了，但那时他还是一个小学生。over相当于morethan，表示＂多于……，越过……，不止……，在……以上＂。morethan/over的反义词是lessthan。☞Thereareover800studentsinourschool.我们学校有800多个学生。【知识拓展】（1）over作介词时的用法：①意为＂在……的上方＂，含有垂直在上的意思，其反义词是under。☞Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有座桥。②意为＂蒙在……上，悬挂在……上＂。☞Theworkersallwearthickclothesandglassesovertheireyes.工人们都穿着厚实的衣服,并且戴着眼镜。③意为＂在……的各部分，遍及……的各部分＂。☞Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.我们的朋友遍天下。（2）over用作副词时，意为＂结束，完了＂。☞Classesareoverat4:30intheafternoon.下午四点半课就上完了。Thereisanoldbridge_______________theriver.Becareful(小心)whenyou_______________it.A.over；acrossB.over；crossC.on；cross D.on；across4.Myparentsdidnottalkafterthat,andwefinishedtherestofourdinnerinsilence.在那之后，我的父母没有说话，我们默默地吃完了剩下的晚餐。（1）rest为名词，表示＂剩余部分；其余＂。常与the连用，既可指人，也可指物。常用结构为＂therestof+名词＂。＂therestof+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用复数；＂therestof+不可数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。☞Therestoftheapplesareyours.剩下的苹果是你的。☞Therestofthebreadisn’tenough.剩下的面包不够了。【知识拓展】restn.&v.休息。☞It’stimetohavearest.到了休息的时间了。Therestofstudentsintheclassroom_______________myclassmates.A.isB.are C.be D.am（2）silencen.沉默；缄默；无声①silence是silent的名词形式，常用短语为insilence沉默，无声。☞Nobodyknewwhattosayandtheyjustsatthereinsilence.没有人知道说什么，他们只是默默地坐在那儿。☞Asnightfell,everythingwasinsilence.当夜幕降临，一切都静悄悄的。☞Helookedattheboyinsilenceforsomeminutes.他默默地盯着那个男孩看了好一会儿。②silent是silence的形容词形式，表示＂不说话的；沉默的＂。☞Thestreetwassilent.大街上很安静。【易混辨析】silent与quietsilent着重指沉默无语或没有声音，但不一定指没有动作或活动。☞Thatisasilentmovie.那是一部无声电影。☞Heissilentaboutwhathappened.他对发生的事情保持沉默。quiet表示安静的、寂静的、平静的。指物时，表示没有喧闹或没有骚动，处于一种静止的状态或宁静的环境；指人时，表示不发出声音或不发表意见，也可指人的性格温和、文静、不易激动等。☞Helivesaquietlifeinthecountry.他在乡下过着悠闲的生活。☞Can’tyoukeepthechildrenquiet?你能不能让孩子们保持安静？☞Maryisaquietgirl.玛丽是个文静的姑娘。【注意】表达＂安静＂或形容天气的＂温和＂、＂平静＂、＂寂静＂时，silent和quiet可互换。—HasMikereceivedhismother’smail?—Yes,hesignedforit_______________thismorning.A.inperson B.infact C.insilence5.Morerecently,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwastakendownbyterrorists.更近一些的，大多数美国人都记得纽约世贸中心被恐怖分子摧毁时他们在做什么。（1）recentlyadv.不久前；最近☞Ithappenedrecently.它发生在最近。recently＝lately，意为＂最近＂。常指过去不久到现在的一段时间，和现在完成时连用。或指过去不久的某一时刻，和一般过去时连用。☞Ihaven’theardfromherrecently.我最近没有收到她的来信。(＂have/has＋过去分词＂构成现在完成时)【知识拓展】recently的形容词为recent，意为＂最近的；近来的＂。inrecentyears在最近几年—DoyouhaveaQQfriend?—Yes,IheardfrommyQQfriendinNewYorkrecently.A.now B.longlongago C.notlongago（2）mostAmericans大多数美国人，＂most+名词/most+of+名词＂作主语时，谓语动词单复数的形式取决于该结构中的名词。☞MoststudentslikeEnglish.大多数学生喜欢英语。☞Mostoftheapplehasbeeneatenbyrats.那个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。Hehaslivedhereforabout20years,sohehas_______________friendshere.A.mostofB.lotof C.plentyof D.manyof（3）takedown表示＂拿下；拆卸；摧毁＂，wastakendownbyterrorists被恐怖分子摧毁，是一般过去时的被动语态。by表示＂被……＂，by后的名词是原主动语态的主语，是动作的执行者。☞Theyheldameetingyesterday.=Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他们昨天开会了。—Whenwilltheplane_______________?—Inaboutfifteenminutes.A.takedownB.takeawayC.takeout D.takeoff6.Ididn’tbelievehimatfirst...我最初不相信他……atfirst意为＂首先，最初＂，通常用于句首或句末，与后来发生的事情相对照，其反义短语为atlast，意为＂最后，最终＂。☞AtfirstIdidn’twanttogo,butIsoonchangedmymind.起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。【易混辨析】atfirst与atthebeginning同义，表示＂起初(但后来……)＂，与后来发生的事相对照。☞AtfirstIwasn’tsureifIcouldcontinueit.起初我不确定能否继续经营下去。firstofall与first同义，表示＂首先；最重要＂，说明顺序，后面常接next，then等。☞Firstofall,openthewindow.首先，打开窗户。Thoughmysonfailedtheexam,_______________hetriedhisbest.I’mveryproudofhim.A.atfirst B.atlast C.atmost D.atleast7.Ilookedoutofthewindowandrealizedthatitwastrue.我往窗外看，意识到那是真的。（1）lookoutofthewindow向窗外看☞Ifyoulookoutofthewindow,you’llseehercar.如果你朝窗外看的话，你就可以看到她的车。【注意】lookout表示＂当心，留神＂。☞Lookout!Thereisdangerahead.当心！前面危险。Afterreadingforanhour,you’dbetter_______________thegreentreesforaminuteortwo.A.lookoutof B.lookoutatC.lookoutfrom D.lookforat（2）true为形容词，表示＂真的，真实的＂。truth是形容词true的名词形式，其副词是truly。totell(you)thetruth意为＂说实话；老实说＂，一般放在句首。☞Thenewsistrue.这消息是真的。学&科网☞Hetoldmethetruth.AndItrulybelieveitistrue.他把真相告诉了我。我确信那是真的。☞Totellthetruth,IfellinlovewithShanghaiwhenIgotthere.老实说，一到上海，我就爱上了那里。【知识拓展】与totell(you)thetruth结构类似的插入语有：tobehonest坦白地说；tobesure诚然；tostartwith＝tobeginwith起初，开始时【易混辨析】real形容词，＂真的＂，指客观上存在，并非想象和虚构的，它是与＂假冒，无＂相对而言的。☞Let’sgivehimsomerealEnglishfoodtoeat.让我们给他一些正宗的英国食品吃。true指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符合，意为＂真的，真实的＂。true与＂编造的，虚假的＂相对，在句中作定语或表语。☞Itistruethatshemarriedthatdoctor.她嫁给了那个医生，这是真的。truth是名词，指事情的真相或事实。☞Hecannothidethetruth.他不能掩盖真相。—Isit_______________thathemissedthebus?—No,hedidn’ttellthe_______________.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.A.true；truthB.real；truthC.true；reality D.real；reality8.IhadtroublethinkingclearlyafterthatbecauseIwasveryafraid.我难以清楚地想起那以后的事，因为我很害怕。havetroubledoingsth表示＂做某事有困难＂，相当于haveproblems/difficulty(in)doingsth，介词in可以省略，problems/difficulty/trouble前面可以加修饰词some，alittle，great，no，alotof等。☞IhavenodifficultyinlearningEnglishwell.我在把英语学好上没有什么困难。☞Ihavesometroubleinreadingherhandwriting.我认她的笔迹有些困难。☞Hehasalotofproblemsinbuyingacomputernow.他现在买电脑有好多困难。—Mr.Wang,Ihavetrouble_______________thetest.—Remember_______________itthreetimesatleast.A.tounderstand；reading B.understanding；readingC.understanding；toread D.tounderstand；tounderstand9.Whendidithappen?它是什么时候发生的？happen作不及物动词，意为＂发生＂。☞Ihopenothinghashappenedtomyfriend.我希望我的朋友没出事。【知识拓展】happentosb/sth表示＂某人或某物发生了某事或出现某种情况＂，一般是不幸的事。happentodosth表示＂碰巧发生某事＂。＂Ithappens+that从句＂表示＂正巧、恰好……＂，此句型可换为＂happen+不定式＂结构。☞Whathappenedtohim,bytheway?顺便问一句，他怎么了？☞Ihappenedtomeetmyfatheronmyway.我正好在路上碰到了我爸爸。☞Ithappenedthatshewasbusythen.=Shehappenedtobebusythen.她碰巧当时正忙。【易混辨析】happen＂发生＂，是一般用语，词义较广，一般指事情、事故的发生，强调事情发生的偶然性或未能预见地发生，不用于被动语态。☞Afunnythinghappenedinthesubwayyesterday.昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。takeplace一般指有计划、事先安排的事件的＂发生＂，没有偶然性，也表示一般的＂发生＂，此外还有＂举行＂的意思。☞Greatchangestookplaceinmyhometownlastyear.去年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。Greatchanges_______________inTongreninthepastfiveyears.A.havehappened B.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappened D.havebeentakenplace10.....Ipointeditouttomyfriend,itwentaway.我向朋友指出它时，它消失了。pointout意为＂指出，指明，表明＂，修饰的宾语为代词时放在point与out之间。☞Motherpointedoutmymistakes.妈妈指出了我的错误。【知识拓展】pointat的意思是＂指向＂，相当于pointto，二者一般可互换。pointto指向较近之物。pointat指向较远之物，point后可直接跟名词/代词作宾语，point...at...表示＂将……指向……＂。☞Theteacherpointedtooneofthepictures.老师指着其中的一幅图片。☞Shewaspointingherfingeratme.她用手指指着我。☞Hepointedhisgunattheenemy.他举枪对准了敌人。Don’tpoint_______________anyone_______________yourchopsticks.It’snotpolite.A.at；by B.at；with C.to；by D.out；with11....,thetelevisionnewsreportedthatotherpeoplehadseenthelightaswell.……电视新闻报道说别人也看见了那道亮光。aswell＂也＂，多用于肯定句，与too可互换，放于句末，其前不用逗号。☞Comeearly,andbringyourbrotheraswell.早点来，把你的弟弟也带来。学&科网【易混辨析】too/also/either/aswelltootoo多用于口语的肯定句中，常位于句末，其前通常有逗号。☞IlikeEnglishandshelikesEnglish,too.我喜欢英语，她也喜欢英语。alsoalso比too正式一些，用于肯定句中，一般位于系动词be、情态动词、助动词之后或实义动词之前。☞TheforeignguestsalsospeakChinese.这些外宾也能说汉语。either只用于否定句中，常位于句子末尾，前面有逗号将其与句子的其他部分隔开。☞Iamnotadoctor.Sheisnotadoctor,either.我不是医生。她也不是医生。aswell常用于口语中，用法与too相似，且常位于句尾，但前面不用逗号。☞Thelittlegirlcansinganddanceaswell.这个小女孩既会唱歌又会跳舞。☞Weliketoplaybasketball,butsometimesweplaysocceraswell.我们喜欢打篮球，但有时也踢足球。一、单项选择1．—It’snevertoolateforstudentsto________theimportanceofstudy.—Yes,Iagreewithyou.A．copy B．reply C．explain D．realize2．Myfriend________hiscarwhenIwenttoseehimlastSunday.A．washed B．waswashing C．iswashing D．willwash3．Everyoneshould_______litterwheneverheseesitontheplayground.A．giveup B．mixup C．pickup D．useup4．—UncleWang,Idroppedbyyourhomeat6:00p.m.yesterday,butnobodywasin.—Oh,I_______ameeting.A．washaving B．amhaving C．willhave D．havehad5．Lily________LileiwithhisEnglishatsixlastnight.A．helps B．washelping C．ishelping D．helped二、用所给单词适当形式填空6．WhenIwentoutside,I________（realize）thebushadleft.7．ThereisafamousChinesesaying:oneisnota________(true)manunlessheclimbsuptheGreatWall.8．IthinkthecoffeeisfromBrazil,thoughI’mnot________(complete)sure.9．Ifyouhavedifficulty________(work)outtheproblem,youcanasktheteacherforhelp.10．—CanyoutellmethewaytotheCentralHospital?—Sorry.Imyselfama________(strange)tothiscity.完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。Tomlovedgames.Heplayedthemeveryday.Helikedboardgames,videogamesand____11____games.Whathelikedbestwaswinningthem.Hepractisedandworkedhardallthetime.ToTom,winningwas____12____.It’sthemostimportant.Atschool,therewasa____13____game.Tomwasontheblueteam.Todaystudentswouldracearoundthetrackfield.Everyoneineachteamwasinaline.Tomtookadeepbreath.CoachFrank____14____thewhistle(口哨)andTomstartedtorun.Hemovedhislegsandarmsquickly,andheranasfastashecouldgo.Afterashortwhile,Tom’sfeetstartedtohurt.____15____hecouldn’tslowdown.Hehadtowin.____16____,Tomcouldn’tmovehisleftfoot.Hestumbled(绊倒)andfell.Manypairsoffeetranpasthim,butonepairstopped.A____17____reacheddown.“Comeon.Let’sfinishtogether,”saidavoice.Tom____18____.Itwasaboy.However,Tomdidn’tknowhisname.Hewasontheredteam,buthehelpedTomstandupanyway.Togetherthey____19____therace,buttheywerethelasttoarrive.“____20____didyouhelpme?”heaskedtheboy.Youcanchoosetopassmeand____21____yourteamwinthegame.”Theboysaid____22____asmile,“Winningisn’teverything.”Hesaid,“Idon’tcareaboutwinningarace,butIwouldliketobea____23____person.Thatwouldmakemehappy.”Tomhad____24____thoughtaboutthatbefore.Atfirst,hewassorrytolose.Thatdoesn’tseem____25____now.Winningwasn’teverything.Beingniceseemedalotbetter.11．A．other B．another C．each D．others12．A．nothing B．everything C．something D．anything13．A．jumping B．swimming C．running D．climbing14．A．shook B．hit C．picked D．blew15．A．But B．So C．Or D．And16．A．Mainly B．Exactly C．Suddenly D．Certainly17．A．foot B．leg C．head D．hand18．A．lookedup B．lookedout C．lookedfor D．lookedafter19．A．talked B．thought C．planned D．finished20．A．What B．Why C．How D．Where21．A．help B．push C．change D．bring22．A．in B．with C．from D．under23．A．tidy B．modern C．kind D．careful24．A．sometimes B．often C．never D．always25．A．possible B．perfect C．easy D．important阅读理解AApoorboylivedinasmalltown.Hesoldthingsfromdoortodoortopayforschool.Oneday,hehadonly$1left,andhewashungry.Hedecidedthathewouldaskforamealatthenexthouse.However,whenayoungwomanopenedthedoor,theboywasshy,sohejustaskedforsomewater.Thewomanknewhewashungry,soshebroughthimalargeglassofmilk.Hedrankitslowly,andthenasked,“HowmuchshouldIpayforit?”Youwon’tpayforit.Mymotherhastoldmethatitisgoodtohelpthepeoplewhoareintrouble（困难）.”Shereplied.Theboysaid,“ThenIthankyoufrommyheart.”Astheboyleftthathouse,hefeltstronger（更强壮的）.Heknewhehadmanythingstodo.Peoplehadtosendhertoabigcity.Whenthedoctorknewwhothewomanwas,hewasexcitedandtriedhisbesttosaveherlife.Hewassuccessful.Thewomanneededtopayforthemedicalbill.Thedoctorlearnedthatshedidn’thaveenoughmoney.Sohewrotesomethingdownonthemedicalbill.Thewomanreadthebill,“Youhavepaiditwithaglassofmilk.”26．Thepoorboysoldthingsfromdoortodoorbecause________.A．hehadnomoneyleftB．heneededmoneytobuysomefoodC．hewantedtomakemoneytobuyaglassofmilkD．hehadtomakemoneyforhisschool27．Whydidpeoplesendthewomantoabigcity?A．Becauseshewasseriouslyill.B．Becauseshehadlotsofmoney.C．Becauseshewantedtovisitthedoctor.D．Becausesheknewthepoorboyworkedthere.28．Fromthepassagewecanknowthedoctor(thepoorboy)________.A．lettheyoungwomanpayforthebillB．wasalwaysthankfulfortheyoungwoman’skindnessC．didn’tremembertheyoungwomanD．didn’tsavetheyoungwoman’slife29．Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrue?A．Theyoungwomanhadabadmother.B．Thepoorboyaskedforsomemoney.C．Theyoungwomanandhermotherwerebothkindtoothers.D．Thepoorboybecameafamousengineerwhenhegrewup.30．What’sthebesttitle（标题）forthearticle?A．AKindMother B．ALovelyYoungWomanC．APoorBoy D．AGlassofMilkBEdithlikedinventing(发明)things.Shewantedtowininthecomingcompetition.Everydayafterschool,shewenthomequicklytoworkonherinvention.Atlast,shefinisheditjustonthedayofthecompetition.Theinventionwasabigmusicboxwithbeautifullights.Edithturnedthehandle(手柄)tolightitup.Nothinghappened.Sheturneditfaster.Stillnolight!Thatnight,Edithwenttothetownhallwithaheavyheart.JennyRocket,thejudgeofthecompetition,cameintothehallonherbike.Sheputthebikeagainst(倚，靠)thewallandstartedtoseetheinventions.Edith’shandsgotwetasshecameover.“Couldyoupleaseshowmehowyourmachineworks?”Edithturnedthehandleveryfast.Slowmu