翻译硕士英语模拟试卷20题后含答案及解析

翻译硕士英语模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.Vocabulary2.ReadingComprehension3.WritingVocabulary1．Carbonmonoxide,funnedbytheincompletecombustionofsomecarbonaceousmaterial,hasbeena______tohumanssincethedomesticationoffire.A．hazardB．disputeC．docileD．boost对的答案：A解析：句意：由某些含碳材料的不充足燃烧产生的一氧化物，自从人类学会使用火以来对人类就是一种危险。hazard危险，有危险的事物。dispute争论，争执。docile驯良的，温顺的。boost推动。2．Thehousebytheseahadamysteriousairof______aboutit.A．melancholyB．serenityC．seriosoD．retroject对的答案：B解析：句意：临海的这座房子有着一种神秘的安静气息。serenity安静。melancholy忧郁。serious庄重的，严肃的。retroject向后抛，抛回。3．Thereisonlytimeto______theplanandwewilldiscussitindetailnextweek.A．decryB．eliminateC．expoundD．adumbrate对的答案：D解析：句意：现在我们只能大概描绘一下计划轮廓，下周再讨论细节问题。adumbrate略微地或概括地暗示。decry诋毁以贬低其价值。eliminate消除，除去。expound具体阐明，解释。4．Catherine’smotherwas______illlastsummer,butfortunately,shewasmakingaslowbutteadyrecoveryafteranoperationwasdoneonherlung.A．definitelyB．definitivelyC．criticallyD．fatally对的答案：C解析：critically危急地(尤指病人身体状况)；批评地。definitely明确地。deftnitively决定性地。fatally致死地。5．Whilethishealthylifestyleapproachtohealthworkedforsome(thewealthymembersofsociety),peopleexperiencingpoverty,unemploymentorlittlecontrol______theconditionsoftheirdailylivesbenefitedlittlefromthisapproach.A．toB．intoC．onD．over对的答案：D解析：controlover控制。6．Researchintothevalidityofselectionmethodshasconsistentlyshownthattheunstructuredinterview,______theinterviewerasksanyquestionsheorshelikes,isapoorpredictoroffuturejobperformance.A．whomeverB．whenC．wheneverD．where对的答案：C解析：句意：非正式面试不能较好地预测面试者将来的工作体现。时间状语从句，whenever指代duringtheinterview。7．ThedoctorassuredVictorthathiswifewouldcertainly______althoughshehadbeenunconsciousfor48hours.A．taketoB．cometoC．seetoD．stickto对的答案：B解析：cometo复苏，恢复知觉。taketosth．开始喜欢。seetosth．照顾。sticktosth．粘住。8．Excusesrelievetensionbyhelping______bothsidesthatthemistakewasanaberrationthatwillnotberepeated.A．insureB．ensureC．reassureD．assure对的答案：D解析：assuresbthat使某人对某事物确信不疑或觉得必定无误。insure保险，投保。ensure确保，确保。reassure消除某人的恐惧或疑虑，使某人放心。9．Astatictechnocraticorder,bycontrast,requiresaverydifferentsortofpersonality:adronewhodoeswhatheistoldandshunsnovelty,someonewhoavoidsfacing,or______challenges.A．composingB．proposingC．imposingD．posing对的答案：D解析：pose提出(困难或需要谨慎看待的问题)。本句体现“这类人按部就班，逃避创新，回绝面对挑战或提出挑战”之意。compose创作(乐曲，诗歌等)。propose建议，建议。impose强迫接受，把…强加于。10．WaltDisney’sboardissteppingupplanstofindanewrulertosavetheMagicKingdomandfightoffa$54billionhostile______fromComcast,theUScablegiant.A．purchaseB．bidC．offerD．merger对的答案：B解析：句意：迪斯尼董事会正在建立计划谋求一位新的领导者，以挽救这个神奇王国和击退来自美国电缆巨头Comcast那不怀好意的540亿美金的竞价。bid为购某物的出价。purchase购置。merger合并，归并。11．Hisstoryofrescuingtendrowningmentotallybyhimselfwas______.A．wonderfulB．incredibleC．indignantD．immense对的答案：B解析：句意：他只身一人救了十名溺水者的故事令人难以置信。incredible难以置信的。wonderful奇妙的，令人惊奇的。indignant愤怒的，愤慨的。immense巨大的，广大的。12．Whatasadsight,withalltheshops______andthepeoplegone.A．shuttledB．shutteredC．shuttlesD．shutters对的答案：B解析：shutter关闭，关上。shuttle穿梭来回。“商店”与“关闭”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。13．Althoughhesufferedfromdiscrimination,MartinLutherKingisamanwhobelievedinreconciliationandonlyrarely______agrudgeduringhisCivilRightsmovement.A．hecarriedB．didhecarryC．whenhecarriedD．thathecarried对的答案：B解析：以否认词开始的句子普通使用倒装，此句为倒装句，构造为“否认词+普通疑问句构造”。14．Thecommitteemembersresented______themofthemeeting.A．thepresidentthathedidnottellB．thepresidentnottoinformC．thepresident’snotinformingD．thepresidentthathefailedinforming对的答案：C解析：resent表达对……感到愤恨，使用方法为：resentsomething／(somebody’s)doingsomething。15．Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow______,particularlyinWesternEurope.A．obsoleteB．obscureC．optionalD．overlapping对的答案：A解析：obsolete过时的。obscure含糊的。optional选择性的。overlapping重叠的。16．Mytutorfrequentlyremindsmeto______myselfofeverychancetoimprovemyEnglish.A．availB．informC．assureD．notify对的答案：A解析：availoneselfofsth使用某事物，运用某事物。17．TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis______ananonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.A．everythingexceptB．anythingbutC．nolessthanD．nothingmorethan对的答案：B解析：本句体现的意思是“每一种观众总是会意识到自己只是广大观众中不出名、无关紧要的一员”。nothingmorethan仅仅，只但是。anythingbut决不。18．EventhoughformidablewintersarethenormintheDakotas,manypeoplewereunpreparedforthe______oftheblizzardof188A．inevitabilityB．ferocityC．probabilityD．mildness对的答案：B解析：句意：尽管可怕的冬季在达科他州司空见惯，但人们对1888年那场暴风雪的凶猛程度却始料不及。ferocity残暴，凶猛。inevitability必然性。probability可能性。mildness温暖，温和。19．It’samoderncity,fullof______towerblock.A．risingB．heavingC．ascendingD．soaring对的答案：D解析：句意：这是个当代都市，到处是高耸人云的大厦。soar高耸，挺立。rise上升。heave起伏，凸起。ascend上升，攀登。20．Theauthortooka______approachtothetopic.Hepresentedbothsidesoftheissueevenhandedlyanddidnotlethisownfeelingsintrude.A．dispassionateB．passionateC．disputableD．contesting对的答案：A解析：dispassionate公正的，不带偏见的。passionate多情的。disputable有讨论余地的，真假可疑的。contest争夺，竞争。21．Thepathfollowstheriverclosely,occasionally______roundaclumpoftrees.A．divertingB．divergingC．deviatingD．deflecting对的答案：B解析：句意：这条小路沿河延伸，偶然转向，绕过一片树林。divert使转向。diverge(道路、线路等)分叉，叉开。deviate背离，偏离(某事)。deflect(尤指击中某物后)使转向。22．Theofficialwasarrestedforinabilityto______allhisfortunehehasenjoyed.A．clarifyB．intensifyC．verifyD．justify对的答案：D解析：句意：那位官员因不能证明他全部财产的正当来源而被捕。justify证明…是正当的。clarify阐明(立场)，澄清(真相)。intensify加强。verify证明，查证。23．Shewasextremelylucky;whenhergreat-uncledied,she______afortune.A．camebyB．cameoverC．cameintoD．cameabout对的答案：C解析：comeinto继承(财产)。comeby得到(某物)。comeover来到(某地)。comeabout发生。由于她的财产是继承她死去的伯祖父的，因此选项C比选项A更精确。24．Thecoupledeparted______aheavyrain.A．farawayB．betweenC．inthemidstofD．among对的答案：C解析：句意：这对夫妇冒着大雨离开了。inthemidstof在…之中。25．The______ofsmokingamongwomen,formerlynegligible,hasgrowntosuchadegreethatlungcancerhasbecomethechiefcauserofcancer-relateddeathsamongwomen.A．affluenceB．ferociousnessC．impudenceD．incidence对的答案：D解析：句意：女性吸烟的发生率达成如此高度(这在以前是被无视了的)以至于肺癌已经成为女性因癌症有关疾病死亡的重要诱因。incidence发生率，含有影响的程度。ferocious极度的，凶猛的。affluence富裕，富足。impudence轻率，厚颜无耻。26．Ifyou______yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingthejobyouwant.A．lessenB．alleviateC．moderateD．degenerate对的答案：A解析：句意：如果你减少规定，你可能会有更多机会获得你想要的工作。lessen减少。alleviate减轻，缓和(病痛等)。moderate节制，克制，和缓。degenerate衰退，退化。27．They______sotiredifthey______forawholeday.A．wouldn’tfeel,didn’twalkB．wouldn’tfeel,weren’twalkingC．wouldn’tbefeeling,weren’twalkingD．wouldn’tbefeeling,hadn’tbeenwalking对的答案：D解析：句意：如果他们不是走了一整天的路，他们也不会感到那么疲倦。走路是已通过去的事情，并且持续了一天的时间，用过去完毕进行时。28．Theyclimbedtothetopofthehill______theycouldgetabird’s-eyeviewofthecity.A．forfearthatB．inorderthatC．incaseD．asaresult对的答案：B解析：句意：为了鸟瞰都市，他们爬到山顶。inorderthat为了。forfear以免；唯恐。incase假使；以防。asaresult成果；因此。29．A______isagrowthoffeathers,furorskinalongthetopoftheheadsofsomeanimals,especiallybirds.A．crestB．crustC．crushD．crumb对的答案：A解析：从背面解释“长在动物，特别是鸟类头顶的毛发”得知，此空为“鸟冠，羽冠”之意，填crest。crust面包皮；硬的外层。crush做名词解，意为“拥挤的人群”。erumb碎屑。30．Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas______totheissueathand.A．irrationalB．unreasonableC．invalidD．irrelevant对的答案：D解析：句意：法官鉴定此证据不予认定，由于它与本案无关。beirrelevantto与…无关。irrational不合理的；失去理性的。unreasonable不讲道理的；过分的。invalid无适宜根据的；无用的。ReadingComprehensionWhenthetelevisionisgood,nothing—notthetheater,notthemagazines,ornewspapers—nothingisbetter.Butwhentelevisionisbad,nothingisworse.Iinviteyoutositdowninfrontofyourtelevisionsetwhenyourstationgoesontheairandstaytherewithoutabook,magazine,newspaper,oranythingelsetodistractyouandkeepyoureyesgluedtothatsetuntilthestationsignsoff.Icanassureyouthatyouwillobserveavastwasteland.Youwillseeaprocessionofgameshows,violence,audience-participationshows,formulacomediesabouttotallyunbelievablefamilies,bloodandthunder,Mayhem,moreviolence,sadism,murder,Westernbadmen,Westerngoodmen,privateeyes,Gangsters,stillmoreviolence,andcartoons.Andendlessly,commercialsthatstreamandcajoleandoffend.Andmostofall,boredom.True,youwillseeafewthingsyouwillenjoy.Buttheywillbevery,veryfew.AndifyouthinkIexaggerate,tryit.Istherenoroomontelevisiontoteach,toinform,touplift,tostretch,toenlargethecapacitiesofourchildren?Istherenoroomforprogramstodeepenthechildren’sunderstandingofchildreninotherlands?Istherenoroomforachildren’snewsshowexplainingsomethingabouttheworldforthemattheirlevelofunderstanding?Istherenoroomforreadingthegreatliteratureofthepast,teachingthemthegreattraditionsoffreedom?Therearesomefinechildren’sshows,buttheyaredrownedoutinthemassivedosesofcartoons,violence,andmoreviolence.Mustthesebeyourtrademarks?Searchyourconscienceandseewhetheryoncannotoffermoretoyouryoungbeneficiarieswhosefutureyouguardsomanyhourseachandeveryday.Therearemanypeopleinthisgreatcountry,andyoumustserveallofus.Youwillgetnoargumentfrommeifyousaythat,givenachoicebetweenaWesternandasymphony,morepeoplewillwatchtheWestern.1likeWesternsandprivateeyes,too—hutasteadydietforthewholecountryisobviouslynotinthepublicinterest.Weallknowthatpeoplewouldmoreoftenprefertobeentertainedthanstimulatedorinformed.Butyourobligationsarenotsatisfiedifyoulookonlytopopularityasatestofwhattobroadcast.Yonarenotonlyinshowbusiness;youarefreetocommunicateideasaswellastogiverelaxation.Youmustprovideawiderangeofchoices,morediversity,morealternatives.Itisnotenoughtocatertothenation‘swhims—youmustalsoservethenation‘sneeds.Thepeopleowntheair.Theyownitasmuchinprimeeveningtimeastheydoatsixo’clockinthemorning.Foreveryhourthatthepeoplegiveyou—youownthemsomething.Iintendtoseethatyourdebtispaidwithservice.31．Theauthor’sattitudetowardtelevisioncanbestbedescribedas______.A．sullennessatdefeatB．reconciliationwiththebroadcastersC．righteousindignationD．determinationtoprevail对的答案：C解析：从第一段作者对电视节目的描述“wasteland”，第二段作者对其进行的一系列置疑“Istherenoroom…”，以及第三段，作者列举的电视节目的职责和义务等，可判断作者对现在的电视节目感到愤慨。选项C对的。32．Concerningprogramsforchildren,itmaybeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthatsuchprogramsshould______.A．includenocartoonsatallB．includeoneswhichprovidecultureC．bepresentedonlyinthemorningD．bepresentedwithoutcommercials对的答案：B解析：第二段，作者谈到了自己对小朋友节目的见解，文中指出节目应当“提高孩子能力”，“加深对其它国家小朋友的理解”，“向他们解释世界”，以及“专家伟大的文学作品和自由传统等知识”，这些涉及到文化教育范畴，选项B对的。33．Thestatementthat“thepeopleowntheair”impliesthat______.A．citizenshavetherighttoinsistonworthwhiletelevisionprogramsB．televisionshouldbesocializedtocatertothenation’swhimsC．thegovernmentmaybuildabovepresentstructuresD．thepeopleownnothing,forairisworthless对的答案：A解析：第三段结尾部分，作者提到“thepeopleowntheair”，随即指出“无论是在夜晚的精髓时段还是清晨，人们都拥有theair，因此广播公司每一时刻由于占用theair，都owepeoplesomething”，最后，作者指出广播公司偿还的方式是搞好服务，由此可判断，作者强调人们拥有天空，是暗示人们有权规定故意义的电视节目的播放，选项A对的。34．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassageinregardtotelevisionprogrammingthattheauthorbelievesA．thebroadcastersaretryingtodotherightthingbutarefailingB．foreigncountriesaregoingtopatterntheirprogramsafteroursC．thelistenersdonotnecessarilyknowwhatisgoodforthemD．sixo’clockinthemorningistooearlyforatelevisionshow对的答案：C解析：从第三段作者谈到的“即使人们moreoftenprefertobeentertained，而不是被告知消息或接受激励，但电视节目也不应只迎合大众口味，而无视thenation’sneeds”，可判断，作者认为许多观众可能不明白真正对他们有益的是什么，选项C对的。35．Theauthorbelievesthathistastesare______.A．betterthanmostpeople’sB．betterthanthoseofthetelevisionindustryC．thesameasmostpeopleD．betterthantheaveragechildren对的答案：C解析：第三段，作者谈到在Western和symphony两者间选择时，作者相信大多数人会选择前者，而作者自己也青睐Westernsandprivateeyes，随即又谈到即使绝大部分人都喜欢娱乐，而不是被告知消息或接受激励，但电视节目也不应只迎合大众口味，而无视整个国家的需要。从中可得出，作者的品味和大众同样，只是自己能从更高层次认识到某些问题，选项C对的。Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentoflaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,orindependentlyofanycourse—simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulatedit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimethanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.36．Accordingtothepassage,“scientificsubculture”means______.A．culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientistsB．peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimitedC．thescientificcommunityD．peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience对的答案：C解析：由第一段第三句，人们也该理解科学家生活在其中的亚文化群以及他们是什么样的人，可知选项C为对的答案。37．Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause______.A．itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescienceB．scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlifeC．scientistsliveinaspecificsubstructureD．itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience对的答案：B解析：由第一段第二句可知。人们需要对其构造和运作有所理解，由于科学touchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife，也就是选项B的内容。38．Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho______.A．longfordeeperunderstandingofscienceB．aregoodatproducingvariousgadgetsC．workinastorehouseofdriedfactsD．areinterestedinpopularscience对的答案：A解析：第二段首句就点出了这本书的对象是对科学一知半解的大学生和门外汉；始终把科学看作干巴巴的事实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人；把科学的重要目的视为生产小配件的人；把科学视为某种魔术的人。这阐明重要为选项A中描述的人所写，对科学理解不多而又但愿有更深理解的人。39．Accordingtothispassage,______.A．EnglishisasexistlanguageB．onlyinthisscientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidlyC．womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguageD．malenounsorpronounsshouldnotusedtorefertoscientists对的答案：D解析：文章第三段明确指出科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的构成部分。由于妇女在科学界的奉献，因此不能再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界，因而这本书adoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossible。选项D为对的答案。40．Thispassagemostprobablyis___________.A．abookreviewB．theprefaceofabookC．thepostscriptofabookD．theconcludingpartofabook对的答案：B解析：本文为书的前言，文章内容都是对书的介绍。bookreview书的评论。postscript书跋、书的附录。concludingpart书的结论部分。选项A、C、D均不符合。Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationsaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescausedAccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Keaseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.Keasey’sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightincludepublicduty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdaleandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty;fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto“BonniewrecksArm’spretendhouse”dependingonwhetherBonniedidit“sosomebodywon’tfalloverit”orbecauseBonniewanted“tomakeAnnfeelbad”.Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified;theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamongactsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.41．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?A．AnoutlineforfutureresearchB．AnexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodtermsC．AnanalysisofadisputebetweentwotheoriesD．Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry对的答案：D解析：文章列举Piaget，Keasey，Nesdale，Rule，Darley等人的研究成果，对小朋友的是非鉴别能力这一议题进行讨论。42．Accordingtothepassage,Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensixyearoldsacquiredwhichofthefollowingabilities?A．DifferentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharmB．IdentifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulactionC．JustifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocationD．Evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules对的答案：A解析：由上文couldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable…andunforeseeableharm可知，7个月后，小朋友会有分辨可预知和不可预知伤害行为的能力。43．Accordingtothepassage,PiagetandKeaseywouldnothaveagreedonwhichofthefollowingpoints?A．ThekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommitB．TheageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharmC．TheintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharmD．Thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts对的答案：B解析：由第一段Piaget…underagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentions和Keasey…six—year-oldchildrendistinguish…可知，两人对小朋友形成分辨能力的年纪持不同观点。44．Itcanbeinferredthattheterm“publicduty”(para.2),inthecontextofthepassage,meanswhichofthefollowing?A．ThenecessitytoapprehendperpetratorsB．TheresponsibilitytopunishtransgressorsC．AnobligationtopreventharmtoanotherD．Theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction对的答案：C解析：由下文可知，“publicduty”意指保护别人不受伤害的责任。45．Accordingtothepassage,Keasey’sfindingssupportwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutsix-year-oldchildren?A．Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments.B．Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy.C．Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty.D．Theyacceptmoraljudgmentsmadebytheirpeersmoreeasilythandoolderchildren.对的答案：A解析：由第一段结尾children…advanceintothesecondstageof…moralautonomy可知，在Keasey所说的年纪，即6岁时，小朋友就有了自己做出道德判断的能力。Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,agregariousandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsinsolitarybliss.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallinginlovetodiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Whathadhebeenafraidof,Iaskedmyself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatheboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexplored,andsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyonewhocanseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?Theoriginalimpactgetslost,ordiffused.“MusicIheardwithyouwasmorethanmusic.“ExactlyandthereforemusicitselfcanonlybeheardaloneSolitudeisthesaltofpersonhood.Itbringsouttheauthenticflavorofeveryexperience.“Aloneoneisneverlonely:thespiritadventures,walkinginaquietgarden,inacoolhouse,abidingsinglethere.Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,evenwithaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftaste,temperament,moodHumanintercourseoftendemandsthatwesoftentheedgeofperception,orwithdrawattheveryinstantofpersonaltruthforfearofhurting,orofbeinginappropriatelypresent,whichistosaynaked,inasocialsituation.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweare,andtofeelwhateverwefeelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterinahorizontalposition?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.IamlonelyonlywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.Thenforalittlewhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,andIwonderwheremyselfishhiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplants,perhaps,andlookingagainateachoneasthoughitwereaperson,byfeedingthetwocats,bycookingameal.Ittakesawhile,asIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountainsattheendofthefield,butthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsaway,andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconscious,bringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood,whenIcanconverseagainwithmyhiddenpowers,andsogrow,andsoberenewed,tilldeathdouspart.46．Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenshesaysthat“visionbecomesdoublevision”inthepresenceofanotherhumanbeing(Paragraph2)?(2points)对的答案：Whenstayingtogetherwithanotherhumanbeing,mancannotcarryouthisself-retrospectionandfindoutmorehiddenpartsofhissoulbecausewhenhespeaksorbehaveshehastocaremuchaboutotherpeople’sfeelingorattitude.47．Whydoestheauthoroftenfeellonelyafteralecturetrip?(2points)对的答案：Theauthorfeelslonelyafteralecturetrip,becauseshehasbeenbusywiththetripandthelectureandthushasnochanceortimetobesolitudesoastodoself-retrospection;sheisfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.48．Whatdoyouthinkisthemainideaofthepassage?Analyzetheoverallstructureofthepassagetosupportyourself.(points)对的答案：Solitudeisagoodthing,anditprovidesusthechancetobelaunchedintotheinnerspaceandfindsomethingneworfreshinoursoul.Sopeopleshouldn’tperceivesolitudeasaterriblething.Theauthorstartstheessaybycitinganoldfriend’ssolitudeexperience,andinthesecondparagraph,shepresentedhersubjectbyaskingaserialofquestions,thenitcomestothepoint“solitudeisagoodthing”.Inthefollowingthreeparagraphs,theauthorstatesherpositiveopinionsonsolitude;theninthenextfewparagraphs,theauthordistinguishessolitudefromlonelinessandex