2022年高考真题英语(北京卷)

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Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.

Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct-Cancandy.

AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore'scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.

Meanwhile,withherparents'help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.

34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?

35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?

36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?

37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?

AShearguedwithhim.

BShetriedtofindawayout.

CShepaidnoattention.

DShechosetoconsultdentists.

AItisbeneficialtodentalhealth.

BItisfreeofsweeteners.

CItissweeterthanothercandies.

DItisproducedtoadentists'recipe.

AToearnmoremoney.

BTohelpothersfindsmiles.

CTomakeherselfstandout.

DTobeatothercandycompanies.

AFameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.

BAyouthistoberegardedwithrespect.

CPositivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.

DSuccessmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied

34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?

AShearguedwithhim.

BShetriedtofindawayout.

CShepaidnoattention.

DShechosetoconsultdentists.

35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?

AItisbeneficialtodentalhealth.

BItisfreeofsweeteners.

CItissweeterthanothercandies.

DItisproducedtoadentists'recipe.

36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?

AToearnmoremoney.

BTohelpothersfindsmiles.

CTomakeherselfstandout.

DTobeatothercandycompanies.

37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?

AFameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.

BAyouthistoberegardedwithrespect.

CPositivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.

DSuccessmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied

3.(简答题分值:15分)D

Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”

42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?

44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？

AThevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.

BThecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

CThewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

DTheeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

ASensitive.

BBeneficial

CSignificant

DUnnoticeable

APhytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

BDutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges

CPhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate

DOceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

AToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges

BToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain

CToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

DTointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

AThevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.

BThecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

CThewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

DTheeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?

ASensitive.

BBeneficial

CSignificant

DUnnoticeable

44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

APhytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

BDutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges

CPhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate

DOceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？

AToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges

BToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain

CToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

DTointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

4.(简答题分值:15分)第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.46Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent？

47Theyfocusedonfootball，basketballandbaseball.TheresultsaremixedForfootballandbasketball，addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod，butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent；abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly，thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball.whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon，theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate（协调）theiractions.48Inbaseball，theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh，teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent，whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris.forexample，tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal，hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate，affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold，“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”49

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam，someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war（拔河比赛），wheneverapersonisadded，everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.

50.AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustAplayers，butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.

A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.

B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent

C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.

D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.

E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.

F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.

G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.

5.(简答题分值:15分)51.第一节(15分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1.交通出行；

2.必备衣物。

注意：

1.词数不少于50；

2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

DearJim，

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

LiHua

6.(简答题分值:15分)第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhisneighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.

Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen11freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.Sincehefirststarted12hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas13amastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous14withthestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.Thestudentswhohe's15havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey'vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim“Grandpa”.

TinaStern17ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoherthanjustfree18."It'snotjustaride；you'renotjustsittingtherein19silenceorwithyourheadphoneson.”Sternsaid.“Heasksyouquestionsandactually20theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he'll21thosethings."

Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganisation.OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe22asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.

Wilsonisthereto24them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities.Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat'sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever25tobuythemameal.

Formanystudents,Wilson'shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it'salsoentirely26forthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon'thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto27vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas28themtocompletetheireducation—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe29.“IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,"Wilsonsaid."It'ssucha（n）30tobeapartofthesekids’lives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories."

11.A.linkingB.sendingC.offeringD.distributing

12.A.donatingB.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering

13.A.pavedB.coveredC.measuredD.wandered

14.A.argumentsB.interviewsC.negotiationsD.wandered

15.A.metB.drivenC.addressedD.conversations

16.A.evenB.everC.onceD.already

17.A.earnedB.receivedC.assessedD.demanded

18.A.transportationB.styleC.timeD.communication

19.A.forcedB.awkwardC.ridiculousD.suspicious

20.A.selectsB.recitesC.guessesD.remembers

21.A.actonB.settleonC.checkonD.agreeon

22.A.clubB.leagueC.collegeD.programme

23.A.farB.aroundC.beyondD.forwards

24.A.assistB.watchC.urgeD.warm

25.A.expectsB.attemptsC.managesD.hesitates

26.A.extraB.unusualC.necessaryD.adequate

27.A.shareB.fuelC.repairD.exchange

28.A.requiredB.allowedC.remind