文学翻译讲义

StyleDefinitionofstyleStyle:thewaylanguageisusedbyagivenperson,foragivenpurpose,inagivencontext.Inabroadsense,styleisthe“specificorcharacteristicmannerofexpression,execution,construction,ordesigninanyart,period,work,employment,etc.Whenappliedtoliterature,stylesuggeststheresultofasuccessfulblendingofformwithcontent.Hereformreferstothelanguageawriteruses,andcontentthethemeorideologyofthewriterorhis/herwork.Threegrades/domainsofstyleintranslationconcerninglanguage:levelsofspeech:suchasformalorinformal,familiarorpolite,spokenorwritten(语体)literaryforms:suchaspoetry,dramaandnovel(文体)mannerofexpression,characteristicofaparticularwriter,orthewayinwhichlanguageisusedinaparticularschoolorperiod(风格)Styleinthelastsensecanbeviewedasliterarystyle.,whichistheessentialcharacteristicsofeverypieceofwriting,theoutcomeofthewriter'spersonalityandhis/heremotionsatthemoment.StylisticMarkersFormalmarkersPhonologicalmarkersRegistermarkersRegisterreferstothescopetowhichawordisapplicable,suchasspokenlanguageandwrittenlanguage,dialectandstandardspeech,malespeechandfemalespeech,etc.Anotherwayofclassificationistoclassifyregisterintofivecategories:(a)thefrozen,(b)theformal,(c)theconsultative,(d)thecasual,(e)theintimate.LexicalmarkersLexicalmarkersindicatetheauthor'sinclinationtothechoiceofwords,e.g.thepersonalpreferenceofplainandsimplewords,particularadjectives,adverbs,etc..SyntacticmarkersSentencescanbeexaminedintermsoftheirlength(short,economical/long,involved),form(simple/compound/complex),construction(loose/periodic/balanced).Inabroadsense,anyemploymentofaparticularsentencestructurewhichformsalinguisticfeature(e.g.coordination,subordination,parallelism,antithesis对彳禺，omission,etc.)canberegardedasasyntacticmarker.TextualmarkersTextualmarkersrefertothestrikingfeaturesrevealedintheorganizationofapieceofwriting,inwhichthewriter'sstyleismainlyrevealed.Theyarerevealedinthefollowingaspects:(1)omissionofsomepartstocausestaccato断音incontext;(2)recurrenceoralternationoflongorshortsentences;(3)flashbackorcutbackintemporalsequenceinnarration;(4)overuseofdirectspeechorindirectspeech;(5)explicitnessorimplicitness.Markersoffiguresofspeech(修辞格)e.g.CharlesDickens:ironyandexaggerationNon-FormalMarkersWaysofexpressionEverywriterhashis/herownwayofexpressingandprocessingwhathe/shewritesabout,eveniftheyareofthesameliteraryschool.e.g.symbolicundertones象征性潜隐叙事法“Nearthecurbofthecrowdedsidewalk,pigeonsweretossingaroundabreadcrustthatsomeonehaddroppedorthrownthem.Theycouldntcopewithitorletitbe.ThesecreaturesfilledmewithbothcompassionforthemandrageagainsttheirCreator.Wheredidtheyspendthenightsinthissevereweather?Theymustbecoldandhungry.Theymightdiethisverynight”Itseemsthatthewriterisdescribingthephenomenainpigeonsworld,butinfacthereferstotherealityofhumansociety.Thesymbolicmeaningsexistbetweenandbehindthelines,leavingmuchroomforreadersexploration.Subjectmattere.g.Hemingwayssubjectmatterisalwaysaboutdeath,violence,dangerandthelike.Hispreoccupationwithindividualcourage,willandpowerisuniqueandcharacteristicofHemingwaystyle.IdeologicalContentsThedifficultyinreproducingtheoriginalstyleStyleisusuallypartoftheoriginalliteraryworkstextualmeaning;thereforeharmwillbedone,toagreatextent,tothetextualmeaningoftheoriginal,ifthetranslatorfailstopayenoughattentiontothestyleoftheSLTintranslation.Owingtothedifferentnaturesoflanguage,however,whichmaydifferinwordformation,syntacticstructure,figureofspeech,etc.,theredoexistsomelinguisticdifficultiesinstylistictransference.Thosewhobelievestylecannotbereproducedinsistthatstylebelongstothecategoryoflinguisticform,notcontent.Formcannotbeindependentoftheconcretemodeofexpressionintheliterarytext,whichhastobechangedinthetranslatingprocess,thusthestyleischangedaccordingly.Forexample:此木为柴山山出，因火成烟夕夕多。(phanopoeia形文)Shesellsseashellsontheseashore,Theshellsshesellsareseashells,(atonguetwister-melopoeia声文)--Whatstherelationbetweenthedoor-matandthedoor?--Astepfarther(stepfather).--“Callmeataxi,”saidthefatman.--“Okay,”saidthedoorman.“Youreataxi,butyoulookmorelikeatrucktome.”--“Whyisaroomfullofmarriedpeopleveryempty?”--“Becausethereisntasinglepersoninit.”(logopoeia情文)人曾为僧，人弗可以成佛；女卑是婢，女又何妨称奴。(pun)ABuddhistcannotbudinaBuddha;Amaidenmaybemadeahousemaid.ThemanwhohasbeenamonkcannotbeaBuddha;Thegirlwhoisabondmayalsobecalledaslave.7)客上天然居，居然天上客。(Palindrome)HowtorendertheoriginalstyleGenerallyspeaking,therearethreeargumentsagainstthetranslatabilityofstyle:Differentlanguagescantexpressthesamestyle;Translatorshavetheirownstyles;Therearenoobjectivecriteriaforthejudgmentofwhatkindoftranslationisgoodandwhatkindisbad.AccordingtoLiuZhongde,toreproducetheoriginalstylesatisfactorily,thetranslatormusthaveboththemacroscopic(literary)pointofviewandthemicroscopic(linguistic)pointofview.Theformerdealswiththethought,feelingandstyleoftheoriginal,andthelatterdealswiththewords,sentencesandparagraphsofit.Therearetwofeasibletechniquestorepresenttheoriginalstyleintranslation,namely,corresponding(imitation)andrecasting.Recastingisusuallyappliedwhenthereis(a)alackofcorrespondingstylisticmarkersinthetargetand(b)thediscrepancyinwaysofthinkingandexpressingwhichresultfromlinguisticandculturaldifferences.Generallyspeaking,recastinginvolves(a)rearrangementofwordorder,(b)conversionofpartsofspeech,and(c)properadditionanddeletion.Examples:FirstGentleman:Thouartalwaysfiguringdiseasesinme,butthouartfulloferror;Iamsound.Lucio:Nay,notasonewouldsay,healthy;butsosoundasthingsthatarehollow;impietyhasmadefeastofthee,(Shakespeare:MeasureforMeasure)绅士甲：你总以为我有哪种病，其实你大错特错，我的身体响当当的。路奇欧：响当当的，可并不结实，就象空心的东西那样响当当的；你的骨头都空了，好色的毛病把你掏空了。空山不见人，但闻人语响。返景入深林，复照青苔上。(王维《鹿柴》)Anemptyhill,andnooneinsight,ButIheartheechoofvoices.Theslantingsunateveningpenetratesthedeepwood,Andshinesreflectedonthebluelichens.CulturalElementsinLiteraryTranslationThemeaningofverbalsymbolsdependsonthecultureofthelanguagecommunity.Languageisapartofculture,andinfact,itisthemostcomplexsetofhabitsthatanycultureexhibits.Languagereflectstheculture,providesaccesstotheculture,andinmanyrespectsconstitutesamodeloftheculture.Whatisculture?InhisPrimitiveCulture,Tylorlaiddownthisdefinition:“Culture...isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety”Accordingtomanysociologistsandculturalanthropologists,fourfeaturesareessentialinculture:Cultureisacquiredratherthaninherited.Cultureissharedbyacommunityratherthanownedbyanindividual.Cultureissymbolicandlanguageisthemostimportantsymbolicsystemofculture.Cultureisaunity,inwhichonepartisrelatedwithanother.Toputitsimply,culturereferstothetotalwayoflifeofapeople.Thusliterarytranslation,abilingualart,seeminglyamereinterlingualtransformation,isinnatureaninterculturalactivityinitsworkofcomparing,introducingandabsorbing.CulturalUniversalsAsfarasEnglishandChineseareconcerned,wefindanumberofculturaluniversalsintheirrespectivevocabularies.Somewordsinthetwolanguagescarrynotonlythesameliteralmeaningbutalsothesameorquitesimilarextendedmeaning.Forexample,asisoftenthecase,“heaven”or天isregardedassomethingdominatingeverythingonearthandsocialmembersinbothculturesarefilledwithaweandvenerationforit,asinthefollowingexpressions:Heavenhaseyes(thereisdivinejusticeafterall).老天有眼。Heaven'svengeanceisslowbutsure.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。Heaven/Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.老天不负苦心人/自助者，天助之。Thepeopleofthetwoculturesmayalsohavesomesimilarexperience,observationorphilosophicalviewsonhumanlifeandtheobjectiveworld.Forexample:◎赤条条来去无牵挂(《红楼梦》第二十二回)Forwebroughtnothingintothisworld,anditiscertainwecancarrynothingout.(NewTestamentofTheBible)Unityisstrength.人多力量大。Asamansows,soheshallreap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。Bloodisthickerthanwater.血浓于水。Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。aslightasafeather轻如鸿毛ascowardlyasarat胆小如鼠asproudasapeacock象孔雀一样骄傲CulturalDisparitiesDisparitiesinhistoricalcultureSpeechandwritinginbothEnglishandChineseaboundwithallusions(典故).Inmostlanguages,peopleembellishtheirspeechorwritingwithreferencestocharactersoreventsintheirhistory,legends,religion,classicalliterature,etc.Suchallusionsnotonlymakethelanguagericher,butalsomakecommunicationmuchmorevivid,suchastheremark“HeisaShylock”.Herearesomemoreexamples:◎四面楚歌/破釜沉舟/卧薪尝胆/负荆请罪/毛遂自荐/身在曹营心在汉/刘姥姥进大观园/叶公好龙◎牛郎织女/八仙过海，各显神通/狗咬吕洞宾/当一天和尚撞一天钟/道高一尺，魔高一丈(WhereGodhashischurch,thedevilwillhavehischapel.)/临时抱佛脚TheTrojanhorse,Prometheus(Greekmethology)eattheleek(KingHenryV,5:1)被迫收回说过的话catwithninelives(RomeoandJuliet,3:1)carekilledthecat(MuchAdoAboutNothing,5:1)betterawittyfoolthanafoolishwit(TwelfthNight,1:5)聪明的傻子胜过愚蠢的才子/宁为大智若愚，勿为大愚若智QuiteanumberofnamesfromtheBibleortheEnglishandAmericanliteraryworkshavealsobecomecommonhouseholdterms,suchasaJudas/Solemn/“likeMosesleadinghispeople/Romeo/Frankenstein/SherlockHolmes/UncleTom/catch-22situation,etc.AnothercommonsourceofEnglishallusionsisimportanteventsinhistory.Forexample:topullaPearlharboronsomebodyblitz(asurpriseattackorlighteningrapidity,asHitlercalledhistacticswhenhisarmyinvadedPolandin1939)-HemadeablitztourofAsia.他对亚洲进行了一次闪电式访问。aDunkirkforforeignpolicy(aterriblesituation)Watergate(ascandalthatinvolvesofficialsviolatingpublictrustthroughsubterfuge,briberyandotherabusesofpowerinordertomaintaintheirpositionsofauthority)逼上梁山，空城计，三顾茅庐，败走麦城(meetone'sWaterloo)DisparitiesingeographicalcultureTheEnglishnationhasalwaysbeenaseafaringrace,soitslanguagecontainsmanyexpressionsthatrefertotheseaandships.Forinstance:tokeepone'sheadabovewater:tokeepoutofdebttosailunderfalsecolor:topretendtobedifferentfromwhatonereallyisbetweenthedevilandthedeepbluesea:betweentwodangers;byavoidingonethereisdangeroffallingintoanothere.g.Iftheypaytherenttothelandlordtheywon'thaveanymoneyforthefood,theyarebetweenthedevilandthedeepbluesea.从南到北:fromnorthtosouth(fortheancientChinese,southismorerespectablethannorth)ThedifferencebetweenChinese东风andEnglish“eastwind”，orthatbetween西风and“westwind”，haslongbeenaninterestingtopictodiscuss.FortheChinese,东风isasymbolofspringandwarmth;yettopeopleofEngland,justtheoppositeistrue.◎东风夜放花千树/春城无处不飞花，寒食东风御柳斜/东风破早梅，向暖一枝开◎古道西风瘦马/碧云天，黄花地，西风紧，北雁南飞HowmanywinterdayshaveIseenhim,standingblue-nosedinthesnowandeastwind!Sweetandslow,sweetandslow,Windofthewesternsea,Low,low,breatheandblow,Windofthewesternsea!(AlfredTennyson:“SweetandSlow”)◎青山遮不住，毕竟东流去/滚滚长江东逝水，浪花淘尽英雄◎山下兰芽浸短溪，松间沙路净无泥，潇潇暮雨子规啼。 谁道人生无再少，门前流水尚能西，休将白发唱黄鸡。(苏轼：浣溪沙)一一白居易：黄鸡催晓，白日催年DisparitiesintraditionalmodesofthinkingAspeechcommunity'speculiarculturaloriginispregnantwithpeculiarpsychology,folkwaysandcharactertraits.Forexample,whiteinawesterner'seyessuggestspurityandinnocenceandisthetraditionalcolorforbrides.InChina,however,peopleusuallyhavewhiteatfuneralsandthecolorhaslongbeenregardedasasymbolofsolitude,povertyanddecline,asthefollowingquotationssuggests:◎雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。◎昨日黄土垄头埋白骨，今宵红灯帐底卧鸳鸯/白骨露于野，千里无鸡鸣◎去时里正与裹头，归来头白还戍边(杜甫《兵车行》)◎日暮苍山远，天寒白屋贫(刘长卿《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》)白头人：ahoary-headedman白屋：thatchedcottageThecolorredoftencarriesaderogatorysensesuchasviolence,bloodshed,danger,etc.inthewesternculture.ButintraditionalChinesecultureitsuggestssuchnotionsashappiness,abundance,propitiousness,etc.andisusuallyassociatedwithjoyfuloccasions.红双喜：doublehappinesswritteninredasthetraditionalsymbolforaneventofspecialjoy,suchasawedding◎开门红：inthisexpressionthecolorredissymbolicofgoodfortune.InEnglishitshouldbeinterpretedas“tobeginwell”，“tomakeagoodstart”DavidHawkeshasalsomadealotofcommentsonthetreatmentofcolorterminology,particularlythecolorred,inhisEnglishtranslationof“HongLouMeng”(TheStoryoftheStone).“...redasasymbol一sometimesofspring,sometimesofyouth,sometimesofgoodfortuneorprosperity一recursagainandagainthroughoutit(theChinesenovel).Unfortunately一apartfromtherosecheeksandvermeillipofyouth一rednesshasnosuchconnotationsinEnglishandIhavefoundthattheChineseredshavetendedtoturnintoEnglishgoldsorgreens(“spring,thegreenspring”and“goldengirlsandboys”andsoforth).Iamawarethatthereissomesortoflosshere,buthavelackedtheingenuitytoavertit.”红楼梦：TheStoryoftheStone(cf.ADreamofRedMansions)悼红轩：NostalgiaStudio(cf.Mourningthe-RedStudio)怡红院：TheHouseofGreenDelights(cf.HappyRedCourt)怡红公子：GreenBoy(cf.TheHappyRedPrince)千红一窟：MaidenTears(cf.ThousandRedFlowersinOneCavern)红袖楼头夜倚栏：Aladyleansoutfromhercasementhigh.(cf.Inredsleevessheleansoverbalustradeatnight)Dog:InChina,dogsarefirstofallwatchdogs,notpets.Theyarekeptbecausetheyareuseful,notbecausetheymakegoodcompanions.Generallytheyareconsideredtobetoleratedbutnotloved,andthatswhyalmostallphrasesconnectedwithdogscarryderogatoryconnotations.InEnglish,however,itisgenerallyregardedasmansbestfriendwithmanymeritssuchasloyalty,dependability,courage,intelligence,etc.◎狗腿子，狗胆包天，狗急跳墙，狗仗人势，狗眼看人低，狗嘴吐不出象牙Loveme,lovemydog/topdog/luckydog/tohelpalamedogoverastile/Everydoghashisday挂羊头，卖狗肉：cryupwineandsellvinegar/sellhorse-meatasbeefsteak(cf.hangupasheepsheadandselldog-meat)望子成龙：hopingthatoneschildrenwillhaveabrightfuture/succeedinlife/becomesomebody◎吹牛：talkhorse◎力大如牛：asstrongasahorseBirdsofafeather:一丘之貉Aratinahole:瓮中之鳖Likeadrowncat:象个落汤鸡Likeacatonhotbricks:象热锅上的蚂蚁Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion:宁为鸡口，不为牛后鱼和熊掌不可兼得：Youcannoteatyourcakeandhaveit.◎覆水难收：Itsnousecryingoversplitmilk.智者千虑，必有一失：EvenHomersometimesnods.一叶知秋：Astrawshowswhichwaythewindblow.DifferentkinshiptermsHowtoRenderCulturalElementsinTranslationMostculture-specificwordsareeasytodetect,sincetheyareassociatedwithaparticularlanguageandcannotbeliterallytranslated,butmanyculturalcustomsaredescribedinordinarylanguage,whereliteralcustomsaredescribedinordinarylanguage,whereliteraltranslationwoulddistortthemeaningandatranslationmayincludeanappropriatedescriptive-functionalequivalent.(Newmark,1988)4.1BasictranslatingmethodsLiteralTranslationThissmallcountryhaslongbeenregardedasaTrojanHorseinsoutheastAsiabyitsmaster.很久以来，人们一直把这歌小国家看作其主子安置在东南亚的一具特洛伊木马。Tosaythetruth,soJudaskissedhismaster.Andcried,“allhail!”whenashemeantallharm.说老实话，我这一吻，好比犹大吻耶稣，口里喊“祝福”，心里说“叫你遭殃”。Ifyourunaftertwohares,youwillcatchneither.同时追两兔，谁都抓不住。Bettertoreigninhell,thanserveinheaven.宁愿在地狱里为王，也不肯在天堂里称臣。(Milton:ParadiseLost)**Ifthelasttwosentencesaretranslatedinto“一心不可二用”and“宁为鸡口，勿为牛后”,muchoftheformervividnessandthelatterreligiousdistinctivenesswillbelost.Infact,alanguagehastheabilitytoacceptandabsorbdifferentculturalelementsofforeignorigin.Forexample,showone'scardsturnoveranewleafcrocodiletearsbearmedtotheteethaneyeforaneye,atoothforatooththeeyeisthewindowofthesoultoloseone'sface/saveone'sface(Chineseorigin)loveme,lovemydog(Frenchorigin)Inmanycases,however,matchingwordsdoesnotmeanmatchingcultures.Forexample,thefollowingEnglishandChineseexpressionsdonotmatcheachother,althoughtheybearagreatresemblanceintheirwords.child'splay尹儿戏toeatone's(own)words尹食言outofsight,outofmind尹眼不见，心不烦Beggarsarenotchoosers,尹饥不择食(无权选择)Oncebitten,twiceshy.尹一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳(吃一堑，长一智)AnnotationTransliteration+ageneric/explanatorywordAids,hamburger太极拳一taijiquan(akindoftraditionalChineseshadowboxing)Literaltranslation+fOotnote/endnoteContextualamplificationItwasFridayandsoontheywouldgooutandgetdrunk.星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝个酩酊大醉。“三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。”这就是说，群众有伟大的创造力。“ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalChukeLiangthemastermind."Inotherwords,themasseshavegreatcreativepower.一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃AChinesesayingaboutmonksfetchingwater:Onemonk,twobuckets;twomonks,onebucket;threemonks,nobucket,nowater一morehands,lessworkdone.ParaphraseIt'snoteasytobecomeamemberofthatclub一theywantpeoplewhohaveplentyofmoneytospend,notjusteveryTom,DickandHarry.要加入那家俱乐部可不容易 他们要的是有钱的阔佬，不是一般老百姓。Hesallthumbs,notfitforthejob.他笨手笨脚的，干不了这活。ShiftofPerspective狗不理一DogWontLeave◎他们是连襟一Theirwivesaresisters.sister-in-law—孩子他姑◎况且这通身的气派竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿，竟是嫡亲的孙女儿似的……Andeverythingabouthersodistinguished!Shedoesnttakeafteryoursideofthefamily,Grannie,sheismorelikeaJia.(DavidHawkes)(cf)Herwholeairissodistinguished!Shedoesnttakeafterherfather,son-in-lawofouroldancestress,butlooksmorelikeaChia.Adaptation—Wemighthavefineweatherforourholiday.—Yes,andpigsmightfly!一这次度假可能会碰上好天气。一是呀，太阳还会从西边出来呢！—Jackhasbeensentencedtothreeyearsimprisonment.—Giveadogabadname.—杰克被判处三年徒刑。 一欲加之罪，何患无辞呢。ConsistencyofregisterAsentencegroupmustshowaconsistencyoftheregister（语域），whichconsistsofthreecontextualelements:field（语场），tenor（语旨）andmode（语式）.Register:avarietyoflanguageusedinaspecificsocialsetting;（linguistics）rangeofvocabulary,grammaretcusedbywritersinprofessionalcontexts.语域指的是根据语言使用的社会情景来定义的一种具有某种具体用途的语言变体。Field:thenatureofthewholeeventofwhichthelanguageactivityformsapart;inotherwords,fieldconcernswhatthelanguageisaboutorwhatisgoingonthroughthelanguage,语场（语篇范围）指的是正在发生什么事，所进行的社会活动的性质，以及语言所谈及或描述的是什么，比如文学语篇、科技语篇、广告语篇等等。Tenor:therelationshipbetweentheuserofthelanguageandhisaudience.语旨（语篇基调）指的是谁是交际者，他们的基本情况、特点、地位、角色以及参与者之间存在的交际关系，比如是正式、随便还是亲密等。Mode:themediumofthelanguageactivityinthecommunication.语式指的是语言在交际中所采用的媒介，即语篇信息的传播方式，比如是书面还是口头，其中书面又可分为写出来给自己阅读的（书籍、报刊文章、布告、广告）和写出来念给人听的（广播稿）、背给人听的（台词）或说给人听的。口头又有私下交谈、正式会谈和发表演讲等区别。Examples:1） TheGlobebringsyoutheworldinasinglecopy.一册在手，纵览全球。（《环球》杂志广告）Field:advertisement；mode:writtenlanguage;tenor:companyanditspotentialconsumers2） Mummy,ImhungryandIwanttohavethedinner.**母亲,我很饿，因此我想用餐。原文和译文在概念意义上虽没有偏差，但两者的角色关系和交际媒介显然不一致,从原文“Mummy,I’m?"可看出,这是小孩子对妈妈说的话,是口语，而译文过于正式、成人化，是书面语。将译文改成：“妈咪，我饿了，我要吃饭。”会比较贴切，更能体现原文的交际功能。3） Discussion:Comparethetwoversionsofthefollowingdialogue.……李逵便道：“哥哥，兄弟闲了多时，不曾杀得一人，我便先去走一遭。”宋江道：“兄弟，你去不得。若是破阵冲敌，用着你先去。这是做细作的勾当，用你不着。”李逵笑道：“量这个鸟庄，何须哥哥费力，只兄弟自带三二百个孩儿杀将去，把这个鸟庄上人都砍了，何须要人先去打听。”宋江喝道：“你这厮休得胡说！且一壁厢去，叫你便来。”李逵走开去了，自说道：“打死几个苍蝇，也何须大惊小怪。”（1）“Ivebeenidleforalongtime,brother,”saidLiKui."Ihaventkilledasingleperson.Letmegoinfirst.”“Notyou,brother,”saidSongJiang."Ifweneededashockassault,Idsendyou.Butthisiscareful,delicatework.Yourenotsuitable.”LiKuilaughed."Thatfrigginmanor.Whytroubleyourself?Illtaketwoorthreehundredofthelads,andwellcarveourwayinandcutallthewretchesdown.Whatdoyouneedscoutsfor?”“You'retalkingrot.Getoutofhere,anddon'tcomeintillIcallyou.”LiKuileft,mutteringtohimself:“Allthatfussaboutswattingafewflies.''(2)LiK„weiofferedtogoasaspy,ashesaidhehadnotkilledamanforalongtime.“Youmustnotgonow,”saidSungChiang,“becauseweshallwantyouwhenthefightingcommences.”LiK„weilaughedatthis.“Thereisnoneedtosendspies.Ifyouletmehave200menIcouldenterthevillage,andsettlethismatterquiteeasily'“Don'ttalknonsense!'shoutedSungChiang.“YoucanwaitoutsideuntilIcallforyou.”Ashewentouthowever