第5章 神经系统生理

Physiologyofthenervoussystem

DepartmentofAnesthesiologyTangYan-fengLearningcontent:

Keywordsofthewholechapter

ThesensorysystemKeyWords:nervoussystem（NS）

神经系统centralnervoussystem(CNS)

中枢神经系统Thebasicfunctionofthenervoussystemisthetransmissionofinformation.P47EEG

（electroencephalogram）

脑电图pathology

病理学KnowthecharacteristicchangesintheEEGinconditionofanaesthesiaandotherpresenceofpathology.

P47spinalcord

脊髓

Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)comprisesthebrainandspinalcord.

p48intracellular

细胞内的permeability

通透性，渗透性Theintracellularenvironmentiscontrolledbycellmembraneswhichexhibitselectivepermeabilitybyvirtueofchannelsorporesinthemembrane.p48细胞内环境是由具有选择性通透性的细胞膜来控制的，这种选择性通透性是通过细胞膜上存在的通道或者孔来实现的。phospholipid

磷脂Phospholipidformsthemajorpartofthecellmembrane.p48electrochemicalgradient

电化学梯度p48Electrochemicalgradientisameasureoftheforcedrivingaspecificionintooroutofthecell.电化学梯度是用来衡量驱动某一特定离子进出细胞力量大小的。actionpotential动作电位Thepassageofastimulatingcurrenttothisnerveaxonproducesfirstastimulusartefactandthenanactionpotential.p48stimulusartefact刺激伪迹thresholdstimulus

阈刺激Theleaststimulusstrengthrequiredtoproduceanactionpotentialistermedthethresholdstimulus.

p48chronicpain

慢性疼痛multiplesclerosis

多发硬化bladderdysfunction

膀胱功能障碍p49Thisisthebasisofexperimentalspinalcordstimulationtechniquesinthetreatmentofconditionssuchaschronicpain,andinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisandbladderdysfunction.p49这就是用于治疗慢性疼痛、多发硬化以及膀胱功能障碍的实验性脊髓刺激技术的研究基础。synapse

p49

突触Asynapseoccurswherethemembranesoftwoexcitablecellsarecloselyapposed（并列）toallowtransmissionofinformation.presynapticmembranesynapticcleftpostsynapticmembrane

突触存在于两个排列紧密的可兴奋细胞之间，用来传递信息。PresynapticmembraneSynapticcleftPostsynapticmembraneNeurotransmitters

areofthreemaintypes(aminoacids,monoamines

and

peptides)whicharepresentinwidelydifferingconcentrations(浓度).

p49ligand

配体，配基

Areceptorisanintegralmembraneproteinwhichisrecognizedselectivelybyaprecisehormoneorneurotransmittertermeda

ligand

.p49agonistantagonist

p50

激动剂拮抗剂Aligandisanagonistifitactivatesareceptortotransducearesponse,oranantagonistwhenthesubstance（物质）interactswithareceptorcausingittoremaininactiveand,byoccupyingthereceptor,diminishesorabortstheeffectofanagonist.使减少使变小使终止Autonomicpathwayscompriseofthesympatheticsystemandtheparasympatheticsystem.

交感神经系统和副交感神经系统p51cerebrospinalfluid

(CSF)

脑脊液CSFisformedbysecretorycellsofthechoroidsplexuswhichprojectintothelateralandthirdventricles.p53脉络丛subarachnoidspace

蛛网膜下腔thesubarachnoidspacearoundthebrainandspinalcord.p53endogenousexogenous

内源的外源的endogenousopioids

内源性阿片类药物Minimumalveolarconcentration(MAC)

最低肺泡有效浓度oil/gaspartitioncoefficient

油气分配系数p54

sodiumNapostassiumKcalciumCaAnaestheticagentshavevariableeffectsonsodium,postassiumandcalciumchannelsandthereissomecorrelationbetweenlipid-solubility（脂溶性）andsodiumblockingability.p55Anaestheticagentshavevariableeffectsonsodium,postassiumandcalciumchannelsandthereissomecorrelationbetweenlipid-solubility（脂溶性）andsodiumblockingability.麻醉剂对钠、钾、钙通道产生不同的影响，并且其脂溶性与钠阻滞能力有关。Testyourmemory!nervoussystem（NS）centralnervoussystem(CNS)EEGelectroencephalogrampathologyspinalcordintracellularpermeabilityphospholipidelectrochemicalgradientactionpotentialagonistantagonistsympatheticsystemparasympatheticsystemcerebrospinalfluid(CSF)subarachnoidspaceendogenous

exogenousMACoil/gaspartitioncoefficientsodiumpostassiumcalciumChoicequestions:1.What’sameasureoftheforcedrivingaspecificionintooroutofthecell?

a:anelectraldifferenceb:thechemicalgradientc:electrochemicalgradient2.Theleaststimulusstrengthrequiredtoproduceanactionpotentialisnamed

. a:thestimulusartefactb:thethresholdstimulusc:thesuprastimulusd:thesubstimulus3.Thearrivalofanactionpotentialleadsto

oftheterminalmembrane.a:polarizationb:depolarizationc:repolarizationd:hyperpolarization4.Ifaligandactivatesamembranereceptortotransducearesponse,it’scalled

.a:anantagonist b:aninhibitorymediatorc:anagonist d:anexcitorymediator5.ThereisanincreaseinCSFvolumeintheconditionsof

.

a:highICP（intracranialpressure颅内压）b:bulbarpalsy（球麻痹，延髓麻痹）c:cerebralatrophy（脑萎缩）d:lumbartumour（腰部肿瘤）Thesensorysystem

Peripheral（外周的）receptorexistinexcitabletissues.Skinreceptorsappreciatetouch,cold,warmthandpain,anddeeperreceptorsappreciatepressureand

proprioception.

p50proprioception

n.[生理]本体感受外周受体存在于可兴奋组织。皮肤内的受体承担四种感觉即触觉、冷、温觉和痛觉，其深部的受体还感受压觉和进行本体感受