从释义论角度分析领导人口译员口译技巧

ContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\uChineseAbstract 2EnglishAbstract 31.Introduction 42.TheoreticalFramework 42.1TheEstablishmentandDevelopmentofInterpretiveTheoryofTranslation42.2MainPointsofInterpretiveTheoryofTranslation52.3ThreeLayersofOralInterpretation63.FeaturesoftheSpeechesatBoaoForumforAsia73.1TheLinguisticFeaturesofSpeeches73.2TheStructuralFeaturesofSpeeches74.DifficultiesinInterpretingSpeeches84.1ChineseSentencesWithoutSubject84.2SentenceswithIdiomsorwithChineseCharacteristics95.InterpretationSkillsofSpeechesundertheGuidanceofInterpretiveTheoryofTranslation105.1DealingwithNon-subjectSentences105.2DealingwithIdiomsorWordswithChineseCharacteristics116.Conclusion13References14从释义论角度分析领导人口译员口译技巧——以近三年博鳌亚洲论坛开幕式为例摘要博鳌亚洲论坛为亚洲地区国家间经济、社会、环境及其他相关问题的讨论提供了便利。做好开幕式致辞的口译工作可以无形之中提升国家软实力，因此对于博鳌亚洲论坛开幕式致辞的口译研究具有深刻的现实意义。本文将以释义论为指导，选取近三年博鳌亚洲论坛开幕式中国领导人致辞为研究对象，从演讲致辞的文本特点入手，分析口译过程的三个环节，即意义理解阶段、脱离语言外壳和译语产出，提出口译过程中要注意无主语句以及含有习语或中国特色的句子，针对无主语句采用改写句式或使用形式主语等方法处理，针对含有习语或中国特色的句子则采用直译、意译、增译法。通过深化译者对于释义论的认识，最终使释义论在口译实践上得到更高程度地应用。关键字：释义理论；开幕式致辞；博鳌亚洲论坛；口译OnlnterpretingTechniquesofLeaders'SpeechesfromthePerspectiveoflnterpretiveTheoryofTranslation——TakingtheOpeningCeremonyofBoaoForumforAsiainRecentThreeYearsforExamplesAbstractBoaoForumforAsiahasfacilitateddiscussionofeconomic,social,environmentalandotherrelatedissuesamongcountriesintheAsianregion.Theinterpretationofthespeechesoftheopeningceremonycanimprovethesoftpowerofthecountry.Therefore,itisofgreatpracticalsignificancetostudytheinterpretationofspeechesattheopeningceremonyofBoaoForumforAsia.Undertheguidanceofinterpretivetheoryoftranslation,thispaperselectsthespeechesdeliveredbyChineseleadersattheopeningceremonyofBoaoForumforAsiainrecentthreeyearsasresearchobject.Thispaperdiscussesthetextcharacteristicsofspeechesfirstly,thenanalyzesthreestagesofinterpretationprocess,namely,meaninggrasping,deverbalizationandtargetlanguageoutput.Italsopointsoutthatintheprocessofinterpretation,itisnecessarytopayattentiontonon-subjectsentencesandsentenceswithidiomsorChinesecharacteristics.Whendealingwithnon-subjectsentences,rewritingsentencepatternsorusingformalsubjectarefrequentlyused,whiledealingwiththesentenceswithidiomsorChinesecharacteristics,literaltranslation,freetranslationandamplificationcanbeadopted.Theinterpretivetheoryoftranslationcanbeappliedtointerpretingpracticetoahigherdegreebydeepeningthetranslator'sunderstandingofinterpretivetheoryoftranslation.Keywords:interpretativetheoryoftranslation;openingspeech;BoaoForumforAsia;interpretationIntroductionInrecentyears,theAsiancountrieshavegainedgrowinginternationalinfluenceduetotheirunremittingefforts.ManyinternationalorganizationsprovideaplatformforAsiancountriestodiscussissues,butfewforumsarereallydominatedbyAsiansandfocusonAsianinterests.Therefore,oncetheconceptoftheforumwasputforward,ithasbeenreceivedunanimouslyrecognitionfrommostAsiancountries.Ingeneral,theopeningspeechesincludesimplegreetingsatthebeginningandthanksattheend.Themaincontentsofthespeechesareaboutrecentachievementsandfutureprospects.Consecutiveinterpretationandsimultaneousinterpretationconstitutetwobasicmodesofinterpretation.Consecutiveinterpretation,inwhichtheinterpreterdoesnotbegintointerpretuntilthespeakerfinishesspeaking,cameintobeingaftertheTreatyofVersailleswassignedin1917(Choi,2003).Simultaneousinterpretationhasbeenwelcomedbyconferenceorganizersbecauseofitssimultaneoustranslationforspeakersandnoneedtooccupyconferencetime.Theso-calledsimultaneousinterpretationreferstoakindoftranslationmethodthatusesonelanguage(thetargetlanguage)toexpressthethoughtsofspeakerandcontentsofanotherlanguage(theoriginallanguage)inoralformatalmostthesamespeedasthespeakeroftheoriginallanguage.Simultaneousinterpretationisconsideredtobethemostidealmodelofspeechinterpretationintheopeningceremony.Theexamplesinthispaperareallsimultaneousinterpretation.TheoreticalFramework2.1TheEstablishmentandDevelopmentofInterpretiveTheoryofTranslationThemostimportantandclassictheoryofinterpretationwasfoundedbyDanicaSeleskovitchwhowasafamousFrenchtranslatorandtranslationtheoristinthe1960s.Hertheoryholdsthatthetranslatorshouldnotsimplymakeone-to-onecorrespondencebetweenlanguageunits,butshouldpursuethemeaningequivalenceintheprocessofinterpretation.In1978,theinterpretivetheoryoftranslationwasputforwardinthebookofInterpretingfor

International

Conferences.Inthefollowingtenyears,theresearchersoftheESIT(ÉcoleSupérieured'InterprètesetdeTraducteurs)introducedlinguistics,psychology,cognitivepsychologyandotherdisciplinesintointerpretationresearch,combinedwiththepracticeandsummeduptheinterpretivetheoryoftranslation.DanicaSeleskovitchandMarianaLedererfirstputforwardthistheoryinthepublicationPracticeandTeachingofInterpretationTheory.Bothofthemarealsowell-knowninterpretationtheoristsandpractitioners.Completeequivalenceinformorlanguageisimpossible.Iftheinterpreterwantstoachieveanaccurateandappropriatetranslation,hemustconsidermeaningequivalence.Thistheoryisofgreatsignificancetothedefinitionofinterpretation,theanalysisofinterpretationprocedures,andthenewthoughtforcreationforinterpretationteaching(龚龙生,2008).2.2MainPointsofInterpretiveTheoryofTranslationAccordingtotheinterpretivetheoryoftranslation,interpretationinnatureistoexplaintherealmeaningwhichisnottheexternalformoflanguage(鲍刚,2011).Inotherwords,therearegreatdifferencesintheformsoflanguage,butinterpretationemphasizesthemeaningofexpressions.Inshort,theinterpretationprocessundertheguidanceoftheinterpretivetheoryoftranslationconsistsofthreesteps:oneistounderstandthesourcelanguage,thesecondisdeverbalization,andthelastoneistoexpresstheemotionoftheoriginallanguageinthetargetlanguage(蔡小红,2007).Thesethreestepsareessentialtothewholeinterpretingactivity.Interpretivetheoryoftranslationfocusesonthethoughtprocessthatneedstobefollowedintheprocessofinterpretationandmakesinterlingualtranslationpossible(Danica&Mariana,1995).Forexample,inalargeconference,aspeaker'sspeechinafewminutesislikelytocontainhundredsoreventhousandsofwords.Theinterpretercan'texpressthecontentofthespeechwordbywordinanotherlanguageafterlisteningtoitonceunlesshehasaveryamazingmemory.Therefore,itiseasyfortheinterpretertoremembertheoverallmeaningofthespeaker'sspeech,butitisdifficulttoremembereverywordusedbythespeakeraccurately(高璐璐&朱云翠,2013).Afterhearingafewcompletesentences,nonverbalmemoryremainsintheinterpreter'smind.Therefore,thevitalthingforinterpretersistounderstandthemeaningoftheoriginaltext.Theinterpretivetheoryoftranslationholdstheviewthattheinterpretercanaddsomeappropriatewordsaccordingtothecontentinordertobeconsistentwiththeoriginalmeaningsothatinterpretationcanbecarriedoutaccuratelyandquickly.ThefollowingchartisSeleskovitch’striangularmodel,whichclearlyshowstheinterpretationprocess.Thesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguagearelocatedonbothsidesofthebottomofthetriangular,whilethesenseisatthetop.Thearrowsrepresentthetrancodingfromonelanguagetoanother.Thewholeinterpretationprocessistoreproducethemeaningofthesourcelanguage.SenseLanguage1Language2TranscodingInterpretationtriangularmodel2.3ThreeLayersofOralInterpretationThethreelayersoforalinterpretationarelanguagelevel,speechlevelanddiscourselevel.Forexample,(1)海纳百川，有容乃大。我们应该尊重各国自主选择国家制度和发展道路的权利。Theoceanisvastbecauseittolerateshundredsofrivers.Respectingtherightofacountrytoindependentlychooseitsstateinstitutionanddevelopmentpathisthedefiningtrend.First,languageistheprerequisiteforinformationexchange.Theinterpretationonlanguagelevelistoexpresstheoriginalmeaningaccordingtothedictionary.Inthiscase,eachwordisanindependentabstractsymbol.“海”isinterpretedas“theocean”,“百川”isinterpretedas“hundredsofrivers”.Second,interpretationatthespeechleveldependsonacertainbackground,andthespecificmeaningshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothecontext.Theinterpretivetheoryoftranslationfocusesonthesemantictransformation(吴小利,2007).Therefore,“发展道路”isinterpretedas“developmentpath”ratherthanthe“developmentroad”.Itisclearthatthe“road”hereisnotaphysicalobject,butanabstractconcept.Sothe“path”ismoreappropriateexpression.Third,interpretationatdiscourselevelisconsideredtobethemostcomprehensivemodelanddiscourseinterpretationemphasizeswhatthetranslatorwantstoexpress,soitisveryimportanttocombinetheinterpreter'scognitivestructurewiththeoverallmeaningofsentences.Interpretationprocessisconsideredtodeliverdiscoursemeaningandputtheinterpretersataparamountpositionandabandontheopinionthattranslationisasingleprocessofcode-switching(LiMing-qing,2009).“海纳百川，有容乃大”isinterpretedas“theoceanisvastbecauseittolerateshundredsofrivers”ratherthanthe“allriversrunintosea”,becausethediscoursecontainsthemeaningofrespectingnationalsystems,theword“tolerates”isconsideredmoresuitable.FeaturesoftheSpeechesatBoaoForumforAsia3.1TheLinguisticFeaturesofSpeechesAsaplatformforpromotingeconomicexchanges,coordinationandcooperationamongcountriesinAsia,theBoaoForumforAsiabearsgreatimportance.Thespeechofthenationalleaderalwaysrepresentstheimageofthecountry,mostofthespeechesattheopeningceremonyarepreparedinadvance,thewordingshavebeencarefullyrevised,thelanguagesareconciseandaccurate.TheexpressionofthefourcharacterpatternoftenreflectsthetraditionalChineseculturewhilethethreecharacterpatternhasprofoundextendedmeaning.Forexample,(1)中国人自古强调“以德报德，以诚相待”，我们重情义，我们讲原则。(2)“亲望亲好，邻望邻好。”中国将继续贯彻睦邻友好原则，努力使自身发展更好惠及周边国家。(3)对话合作才是“金钥匙”。(4)中国经济要行稳致远，必须激发自动力，培育新动能。Conciselanguagenotonlyexpressesprofoundmeaning,butalsofollowstheprincipleofsimplificationinconferenceinterpretation.ThespeechesdeliveredbyChineseleadersarenotonlyextremelystandardized,butalsohavemanycultureloadedwords.Thesewordsshowthecharacteristicsofactivitiesaccumulatedbyspecificgroupsinthehistoryanddifferentfromotherethnicgroups(李莹,2017).3.2TheStructuralFeaturesofSpeechesGenerallyspeaking,conferencespeecheshavecommonlyusedopeningandclosingremarks.Theopeningremarksusuallyincludegreetingsandthanks.TheopeningspeechofBoaoForumforAsiaalsofollowsthisrule.Atthebeginningoftheopeningceremony,leaderswillexpresstheirpleasuretoattendtheannualmeetingandexpresstheirheartfeltpleasuretomeetsomanyfriendsfromafar.Next,thespokespersonexpressesheartycongratulationsonthesuccessfulopeningoftheconferenceinthenameoftheChinesegovernment.Theopeningremarksoftheopeningceremonyoftheforumaresimilarovertheyears,sointerpreterscanlearnfromtheopeningremarksoftheformeropeningceremonyandanalyzeitscharacteristicsandrulessoastodealwiththeinterpretationoftheforummoreeasily.Inaddition,theconclusionofthespeechalsofollowscertainrules.Theconcludingremarksallexpresssincerewishesforthemeeting.Attheendofeachyear'sopeningspeech,thespeakerwillusesimilarwordstoexpresshisexpectationforthesuccessoftheconference.Theleadersusuallyelaborateonthethemeoftheannualmeetingfirstly,thenanalyzethecurrentinternationalsituationandtheproblemsfacedbyAsiaandtheprogressmadeinthepastyear.ThentheChineseleaderswillgiveageneraloverviewofChina'ssituationandfinallyexpressChina'sfirmdeterminationtobuildaprosperousAsia.Therefore,theinterpretercanmemorizethecommonlyusedphrasesandexpressions,andbeconfidentintheprocessofinterpretation.DifficultiesinInterpretingSpeeches4.1ChineseSentencesWithoutSubjectChineseandEnglishsentencepatternsarequitedifferent,onaccountofstarkdifferenceslieinChineseandWesternlanguages(刘永清,2007).Englishsentencepatternsusuallyrequireoneormoresubjectspluspredicateverbs.Generally,thesentencepatternsaredividedintoSV,SVO,SVOA,SVA,etc.S(subject)andV(predicate)arenecessaryineachsentence.However,Chinesesentencesusuallyhaveimplicitsubjects.Althoughthesubjectishidden,themeaningisincludedinthesentence,whichisundoubtedlytheperfectembodimentofparataxis.Inopeningspeeches,Chineseleadersusuallyusesentenceswithhiddensubjectstoelaboratepoliciesortoproposeplans.Forexample,(1)坚持共同发展大方向，结成亚洲利益共同体。SticktothedefiningtrendofcommondevelopmentandbuildanAsiancommunityofsharedinterests.(2)同心维护和平，为促进共同发展提供安全保障。Standreadytomaintainpeacejointlyforthesakeofprovidingsecuritysafeguardforpromotingmutualdevelopment.InPracticalGrammarofModernChinese,Chinesesentenceswithhiddensubjectscanbedividedaccordingtomeaningsexpressedinthesentence.Thefirstoneistoexpresswelcomeorwishinanopeningorclosingstatement;theotheroneistoexpressthemeaningsofcommandsinthearticle(刘月华等,2001).Countryleadersusuallyuseimperativesentenceswithhiddensubjectstoexpresstheirconstructiveopinions.TheChineseaudiencemayhaveabetterunderstandingofthesentenceswithhiddensubjects,butitisdifficultfortheaudiencewhosemothertongueisnotChinesetounderstand.Therefore,howmuchtheimplicitsubjectsentencecanbeunderstoodafterthetranslationbringsgreatchallengestotheinterpreter.4.2SentenceswithIdiomsorwithChineseCharacteristicsIdiomsusuallyrefertothecombinationofcommonwordstoproducespecialmeanings.Itisaphraseorshortsentencegraduallyformedbyindividualsindailylife.Inadditiontoadagesandproverbs,mottooffamouspeoplealsobelongtoidioms(包惠南,2003).Chineseculturearebroadandprofound,Chineseidiomsareshortandpithy,buttheyhaveprofoundimplications,sothetranslationofidiomshasalwaysbeenanobstacleforinterpreters.Proverbsandcommonsayingsbelongtothecategoryofidioms.Idiomsarecharacterizedbyharmoniousmelody,concisenessandvividness.SoChineseleadersoftenquotesomeidiomsintheirspeeches.Forexample,中国有句老话，“单丝难成线，独木不成林。”亚洲地区国家要深化全领域务实合作。Accordingtosomeancientwisdom.“ASinglethreadcannotbespunintoacordandasingletreecannotformaforest.”WetheAsiancountriesneedtodeepenpracticalcooperationinall-roundfields.习近平曾说过：“远亲不如近邻”。中国坚持与邻为善、以邻为伴，坚持睦邻、富邻，秉持亲诚惠容的观念，努力使自身发展成果惠及周边国家。PresidentXisaid,"Afar-offrelativeisnotashelpfulasanearneighbor”.Chinacommittedtotheviewofsincerityandinclusiveness,andstrivestodeliveritsowndevelopmentbenefitstoneighboringcountries.Theseidioms,whicharerichinculturalconnotations,poseagreatchallengetointerpretationworks.However,thereisnouniversalmethodtofollowwheninterpretingidioms,andidiomscontainmanyculturalfactors,sointerpretersmusthavecross-culturalawarenesswheninterpretingidioms.ItisnotonlynecessarytoaccuratelyinterprettheconnotationthatChineseleaderswanttoexpressinidioms,butalsonecessarytoletforeignaudiencesunderstandmeaningsofidioms.Asweallknow,wordswithChinesecharacteristicsrefertowordswithrichculturalconnotationsthatareuniquetoChina.Undertheguidanceofinterpretivetheoryoftranslation，therearethreestepstofollowwheninterpretingthespeeches,thefirststepistotaketheinitiativetoreceivenewinformationandfilteroutthemiscellaneousandinvalidinformation,thentotranscodelanguage,andfinallytocompletethewholesentenceinterpretationbymeaningsupplement.Therefore,itwillbringsomedifficultiestointerpreterswheninterpretingsentenceswithChinesecharacteristics.Forexample,(3)中国经济总量大，外汇储备充裕，但是发展潜力不足，仍需统筹实施新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化。Chinaishometobigeconomyandexcessiveforeignexchangereserves,butitstilllackofmomentumofdevelopment.Chinastillneedtoholisticallypromotethenewtypeofindustrialization,ITapplication,urbanizationandagriculturalmodernization.ThenewfourmodernizationsareuniquetoChina,whichrepresentdifferentprocessesofChina'sdevelopment.Onlybyfullyunderstandingthespecificmeaningofthenewfourmodernizationscanitbeproperlyinterpreted.Forexample,“信息化”referstotherapidevolutionoftheITindustry.Targetlanguagereaderswillbeconfusedif“信息化”istranslatedinto“informationization”InterpretationSkillsofSpeechesundertheGuidanceofInterpretiveTheoryofTranslation5.1DealingwithNon-subjectSentences5.1.1UsingImperativeSentencesNon-subjectsentencesareusuallycomposedofapredicateorapredicatephrase.Non-subjectsentencesaredominantinlanguagecommunication.ItisnecessarytomakeajudgementwhetherthepragmaticmeaningofChinesesentenceneedssubjectwhendealingwithanon-subjectsentence.Forexample,发挥好人力人才资源优势是我们发展的极大潜力和后劲。Leverageourstrengthinlaborsupplyandhumanresourceswillunleashthegreatestpotentialandmomentumfordevelopment.激发创新活力，这是中国发展的关键。Workjointlytotriggerinnovation,whichholdsthekeytoChinesedevelopment.Bydiscussingtheabovetwoexamples,itiseasytofindthatimperativesentencesareusuallyusedatthebeginningofaparagraphorsentence.Inconferenceinterpreting,thepredicateisoftenselectedasthenewsubject.Thetransformationofsentencepatternisalsooneoftheapproachesofinterpretivetheoryoftranslation.5.1.2UsingFormalSubjectChineseistopic-prominentlanguage,whileEnglishissubject-prominentlanguage.Therefore,inordertoconveyaclearermeaning,interpretersusuallyneedtoaddsubjectaccordingtoEnglishhabitsinChinese-Englishinterpretation.这是中国打造法治化、国际化、便利化营商环境的重要举措。ItisanimportantmethodforChinatobuildalegal,internationalandconvenientbusinessenvironment.Inactualconferenceinterpretation,thesentencepatternof“It+be+adj/nounphrase+todosth/that”isoftenused.Usingformalsubjectisakindofmethodtoaddsubjectartificially.WheninterpretingsomeChinesesentenceswithahiddensubject,theinterpretercanusetheantecedent"it"astheformalsubject,andthentherealsubjectismadebyclauseorinfinitive.Ifthesentenceisshortandsuitabletousepersonalpronounsassubject,“we”isfrequentlyusedassubject.Ifthesentenceistoolong,“it”isoftenusedasthenewsubject,andthentheimportantcontentisplacedbehindtheformalsubjecttoachievetheinternalbalanceofEnglishsentences.Theinterpretationstrategyofsupplementarysubjectexactlyfollowstheguidanceofinterpretivetheoryoftranslation,thatis,theequivalentofmeaningisachievedbyaddingcorrespondingwords.5.2DealingwithIdiomsorWordswithChineseCharacteristics5.2.1LiteralTranslation“Literaltranslationmeansthatgrammaticalconstructionsareconvertedtotheirnearesttargetlanguageequivalentsbutthelexicalwordsareagaininterpretedsingly,outofcontext”(Newmark,1988:46).Byusingliteraltranslation,theinterpretercanmaketheinterpretationconformtotheoriginaltextbothinformandcontent.Literaltranslationcanmaintainthestyleandthespeaker’sthoughtoftheoriginal.Interpretationshouldnotonlyachievelexicalequivalence,butalsoachieveitsmeaningequivalence.Forexample;今日的博鳌椰风暖人，海阔天高，但放眼全球经济，却是乍暖还寒，暗流涌动。WegatherhereinBoaoatthebeginninginthisbalmyseasonwithclearskyandwarm,coconut-scentedbreeze,onanenchantingandpeacefulday.Butlookingattheglobaleconomy,weseedifficultieslingeringandundercurrentslurking.(2)区域和跨区域合作方兴未艾，互联互通建设加速推进，呈现千帆竞发，百舸争流的强劲势头。Regionalandinter-regionalcooperationisflourishing.Connectivityispursuedatafasterpace.Thousandsofsailsarecompeting,hundredsofboatsarecompeting;Literaltranslationishelpfultokeeptheoriginalstyles,anditisconductivetomakinglanguageconsummateandprecise.The“hundredsofboats”showsthefiercecompetitionbetweencountries.Theliteraltranslationinspeechembodiesinformationequivalencerequiredbyinterpretivetheoryoftranslation.5.2.2FreeTranslationFreetranslationreferstointerpretingtheoverallideaofthesourcelanguage,notjustword-to-wordtranslation.Freetranslationenablesthetargetlanguagemorenaturalandsmooth(陈薏仁,2018).Freetranslationiscommonlyusedwhentherearegreatculturaldifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.Freetranslationpaysmoreattentiontotheindependenceoftheculturalsystembetweenthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguagewhenitcomestocross-culturalcommunication.Interpretersshouldnotonlyinterpretthelanguage,butalsoconveytheappropriateculturalcontentcontainedinthecontext(郭卉青,2018).Idiomsareconsideredtobethequintessenceoflanguage,andidiomsarefullofculturalconnotationsunderthebackgroundofChinesecommunication.Forexample,(1)中国民族自古崇尚“协和万邦”、“四海之内皆兄弟”等思想。TheChinesenationheldsuchphilosophiesthat“peaceandharmonyshouldprevail”and“allmenunderheavenarebrothers”.Theinterpreterinterpretedthissentencebyfreetranslation,whichmakesasentenceeasilyunderstoodundertheguidanceoftheinterpretivetheoryoftranslation.Whatthissentencewantstoexpresshereisthewillingnesstomakenewfriendsandkeeprelationshipinharmonywiththem.Whenreceivingnewinformation,interpretersneedtocombinetheircognitivestructurewiththeoverallmeaningofsentenceandreorganizethesentencepattern,finallytochoosethesuitableexpression.DuetoChina'sspecialnationalrealitiesandlanguagecharacteristics,wordswithChinesecharacteristicsarecommonlyusedtodescribeeconomyandpolicyinthespeeches,forexample,无论国际风云如何变幻，始终风雨同舟、患难与共。Wewillsharewealandwoeallthetimenomatterhowtheinternationalsituationchanges.Thissentencemaybetediouslylongifinterpretedbyliteraltranslation,butundertheguidanceofinterpretivetheoryoftranslation,thetargetlanguageisveryconciseandmoreacceptable.Themainreasonliesinthattheinformationhasbeenprocessedduringthetranscoding.Theinterpretercanuse“sharewealandwoe”toexpressthewillingnesstoovercomedifficultiesinmostcases.Suchexpressionsmaymaketheprocessofinterpretationsmoothaswell.5.2.3Amplification Amplification,whichalsoknownasaddition,istosupplynecessarywordsduringinterpretationonthebasisofaccurateunderstandingoftheoriginaltomaketheinterpretationsmoothandclear,whichcontributestotheinterpretationprocessandissuitabletotheinterpretationprocess.Forexample,我们将简政放权落实到底，通过政府权力清单制度，负面清单管理模式，建设中国上海自由贸易试验区，从而积累有益经验，并复制及推广到其他地区。Wewillseestreamlineadministrationanddelegatemorepowertolowerlevelgovernmentsthroughthewholeprocess.Wewillsetupasystemoflistinggovernmentpowers,exploretheadoptionofamanagementmodelonthebasisofnegativelistapproach,accumulatepracticalexperiencethroughtheestablishmentoftheChina（Shanghai）PilotFreeTradeZoneandduplicateittootherareas.Inthissentence,"简政放权"isoneofthemeasurestocomprehensivelydeepenChina'sreform.Iftheinterpreterdoesnotaddadditionalinformation,itisdifficultforforeignaudiencetounderstandwhatmeasuresChinawilltakeinthefuture.Theinterpreteradds"tolowerlevelgovernments"toexpressthemeaningofdecentralization,sothattheforeignaudiencecanunderstandthepolicywell.Thisexampleperfectlyreflectsthelaststepoftheinterpretivetheoryoftranslationtoaddappropriatewordstomakeupfortheunderstandingobstaclescausedbyculturaldifferences.ConclusionBasedontheanalysisoftypicalexamplesoftheopeningceremonyofBoaoForuminrecentthreeyears,thispaperdiscusseshowtoapplyinterpretivetheoryoftranslationtospeechinterpretin