岩土工程专业英语

岩土工程专业英语.综合类geotechnicalengineering岩土工程foundationengineering基础工程soil,earth土soilmechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基viscousdamping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量soildynamics土动力学stresspath应力路径numericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学土的分类residualsoil残积土groundwaterlevel地下水位groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位clayminerals粘土矿物secondaryminerals次生矿物5.landslides滑坡boreholecolumnarsection钻孑L柱状图engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察boulder漂石cobble卵石gravel砂石gravellysand砾砂coarsesand粗砂mediumsand中砂finesand细砂siltysand粉土clayeysoil粘性土clay粘土siltyclay粉质粘土silt粉土sandysilt砂质粉土clayeysilt粘质粉土saturatedsoil饱和土unsaturatedsoil非饱和土fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil25.overconsolidatedsoil超固结土normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土zonalsoil区域性土softclay软粘土expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土peat泥炭32.loess黄土frozensoil冻土土的基本物理力学性质cccompressionindexcuundrainedshearstrengthcu/pOratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstresspO(c/p)NC,(c/p)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednormalluOuOyconsolidatedandoverconsolidated,respectivelycvanecohesivestrengthfromvanetesteOnaturalvoidratio6.Ipplasticityindex7.Kocoefficientof“at-rest”pressure,fortotalstresses。iando28.K'domainforeffectivestresseso„ando'O12KKfornormallyconsolidatedstate0n0K0uK0coefficientunderrapidcontinuousloading,simulatinginstantaneousloadingoranundrainedconditionK0dK0coefficientundercyclicloading(frequencylessthan1Hz),asapseudo-dynamictestforK0coefficientkh,kvpermeabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectively13.Nblowcount,standardpenetrationtest14.OCRover-consolidationratiopcpreconsolidationpressure,fromoedemetertestp0effectiveoverburdenpressurepsspecificconepenetrationresistance,fromstaticconetestquunconfinedcompressivestrengthU,Umdegreeofconsolidation,subscriptmdenotesmeanvalueofaspecimenu,ub,umpore(water)pressure,subscriptsbandmdenotebottomofspecimenandmeanvalue,respectivelyw0wLwpnaturalwatercontent,liquidandplasticlimits,respectively22.0严2principalstresses,q„andg'denoteeffectiveprincipalstressesAtterberglimits阿太堡界限degreeofsaturation饱和度dryunitweight干重度moistunitweight湿重度saturatedunitweight饱和重度effectiveunitweight有效重度density密度compactness密实度maximumdrydensity最大干密度32.optimumwatercontent最优含水量threephasediagram三相图tri-phasesoil三相土soilfraction粒组sieveanalysis筛分hydrometeranalysis比重计分析uniformitycoefficient不均匀系数coefficientofgradation级配系数fine-grainedsoil(siltyandclayey细粒土coarse-grainedsoil(gravellyandsandy粗粒土Unifiedsoilclassificationsystem土的统一分类系统ASCE=AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineer美国土木工程师学会AASHTO=AmericanAssociationStateHighwayOfficials美国州公路官员协会美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会渗透性和渗流1.Darcyslaw达西定律piping管涌flowingsoil流土sandboiling砂沸flownet流网seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流seepagepressure渗透压力permeability渗透性seepageforce渗透力hydraulicgradient水力梯度^.coefficientofpermeability渗透系数地基应力和变形softsoil软土（negative）skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力effectivestress有效应力totalstress总应力fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度6.lowactivity低活性sensitivity灵敏度triaxialtest三轴试验foundationdesign基础设计recompaction再压缩bearingcapacity承载力soilmass土体contactstress（pressure）接触应力（压力）concentratedload集中荷载asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性stripfooting条基squarespreadfooting方形独立基础underlyingsoil（stratum,strata下卧层（土）deadload-sustainedload恒载持续荷载22.liveload活载23.short-ermtransientload短期瞬时荷载24.long-termtransientload长期荷载reducedload折算荷载settlement沉降deformation变形casing套管dike=dyke堤（防）clayfraction粘粒粒组physicalproperties物理性质subgrade路基well-gradedsoil级配良好土poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土normalstresses正应力shearstresses剪应力principalplane主平面major（intermediate,minor）principalstress最大（中、最小）主应力Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41.limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法porewaterpressure孔隙水压力preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力modulusofcompressibility压缩模量coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数compressionindex压缩指数swellingindex回弹指数geostaticstress自重应力additionalstress附加应力totalstress总应力finalsettlement最终沉降slipline滑动线基坑开挖与降水excavation开挖（挖方）dewatering（基坑）降水failureoffoundation基坑失稳bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起retainingwall挡土墙pore-pressuredistribution孑L压分布dewateringmethod降低地下水位法wellpointsystem井点系统（轻型）deepwellpoint深井点vacuumwellpoint真空井点bracedcuts支撑围护bracedexcavation支撑开挖bracedsheeting支撑挡板深基础--deepfoundationpilefoundation桩基础castE-place灌注桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩boredpile钻孔桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩rammedbulbpile夯扩桩belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamedboredpierprecastconcretepile预制混凝土桩steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩steelsheetpile钢板桩prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩caissonfoundation沉井(箱)diaphragmwall地下连续墙截水墙frictionpile摩擦桩end-bearingpile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.waveequationanalysis波动方程分析8.pilecaps承台（桩帽）bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力lO.lateralpileloadtest单桩横向载荷试验□.ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限承载力staticloadtestofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验verticalallowableloadcapacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.lowpilecap低桩承台high-risepilecap高桩承台verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩抗拔极限承载力silentpiling静力压桩upliftpile抗拔桩anti-slidepile抗滑桩pilegroups群桩efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数（nefficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术finalset最后贯入度dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验pileintegritytest桩的完整性试验pilehead=butt桩头piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端(头)pilespacing桩距pileplan桩位布置图arrangementofpiles=pilelayout桩的布置groupaction群桩作用endbearing=tipresistance桩端阻skin(side)friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻pilecushion桩垫piledriving(byvibration)(振动)打桩pilepullingtest拔桩试验pileshoe桩靴pilenoise打桩噪音pilerig打桩机地基处理--groundtreatment•technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion2.cushion垫层法preloading预压法dynamiccompaction强夯法dynamiccompactionreplacement强夯置换法vibroflotationmethod振冲法sand-gravelpile砂石桩gravelpile(stonecolumn碎石桩cement-flyash-gravelpile(CFG冰泥粉煤灰碎石桩cementmixingmethod水泥土搅拌桩cementcolumn水泥桩12.limepile(limecolumn石灰桩jetgrouting高压喷射注浆法rammed-cement-soilpile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soilcompactionpile灰土挤密桩lime-soilcompactedcolumn灰土挤密桩limesoilpile灰土挤密桩chemicalstabilization化学加固法surfacecompaction表层压实法surchargepreloading超载预压法vacuumpreloading真空预压法sandwick袋装砂井geofabric,geotextile土工织物compositefoundation复合地基reinforcementmethod力口筋法dewateringmethod降低地下水固结法freezingandheating冷热处理法expansivegroundtreatment膨胀土地基处理groundtreatmentinmountainarea山区地基处理collapsibleloesstreatment湿陷性黄土地基处理artificialfoundation人工地基naturalfoundation天然地基pillow褥垫softclayground软土地基sanddrain砂井rootpile树根桩plasticdrain塑料排水带replacementratio(复合地基)置换率固结consolidationTerzzaghi'sconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论Barraon，sconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论Biot'sconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论4.overconsolidationration(OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidationsoil超固结土excessporewaterpressure超孑L压力multi-dimensionalconsolidation多维固结8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一维固结primaryconsolidation主固结secondaryconsolidation次固结degreeofconsolidation固结度^.consolidationtest固结试验consolidationcurve固结曲线timefactorTv时间因子coefficientofconsolidation固结系数preconsolidationpressure前期固结压力principleofeffectivestress有效应力原理consolidationunderK0conditionK0固结十.抗剪强度shearstrengthundrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度residualstrength残余强度3.long-termstrength长期强度peakstrength峰值强度shearstrainrate剪切应变速率dilatation剪胀effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法Mohr-Coulombtheory莫尔一库仑理论angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角cohesion粘聚力failurecriterion破坏准则vanestrength十字板抗剪强度unconfinedcompression无侧限抗压强度effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线effectivestressstrengthparameter有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutivemodelelasticmodel弹性模型nonlinearelasticmodel非线性弹性模型elastoplasticmodel弹塑性模型viscoelasticmodel粘弹性模型boundarysurfacemodel边界面模型Duncan-Changmodel邓肯一张模型rigidplasticmodel刚塑性模型capmodel盖帽模型worksoftening加工软化workhardening加工硬化Cambridgemodel剑桥模型12.idealelastoplasticmodel理想弹塑性模型Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫尔一库仑屈服准则yieldsurface屈服面elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模型elasticmodulus弹性模量Winklerfoundationmodel文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil•punchingshearfailure冲剪破坏generalshearfailure整体剪切破化3.localshearfailure局部剪切破坏stateoflimitequilibrium极限平衡状态criticaledgepressure临塑荷载stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载力allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earthpressureactiveearthpressure主动土压力passiveearthpressure被动土压力earthpressureatrest静止土压力Coulomb，searthpressuretheory库仑土压力理论Rankine，searthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slopestabilityanalysisangleofrepose休止角Bishopmethod毕肖普法safetyfactorofslope边坡稳定安全系数Felleniusmethodofslices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圆弧滑动法slicesmethod条分法十五.挡土墙--retainingwall•stabilityofretainingwall挡土墙稳定性foundationwall基础墙counterretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙cantileverretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙anchoredplateretainingwall锚定板挡土墙anchoredsheetpilewall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheetpilestructuresteelsheetpile钢板桩reinforcedconcretesheetpile钢筋混凝土板桩steelpiles钢桩woodensheetpile木板桩timberpiles木桩十七.浅基础--shallowfoundationboxfoundation箱型基础mat(raft)foundation片筏基础stripfoundation条形基础spreadfooting扩展基础compensatedfoundation补偿性基础bearingstratum持力层rigidfoundation刚性基础flexiblefoundation柔性基础embeddeddepthoffoundation基础埋置深度netfoundationpressure基底附加应力ll.structure-foundation-soilinteractionanalysis上部结构一基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamicpropertiesofsoilsdynamicstrengthofsoils动强度wavevelocitymethod波速法materialdamping材料阻尼geometricdamping几何阻尼dampingratio阻尼比6.initialliquefaction初始液化naturalperiodofsoilsite地基固有周期dynamicshearmodulusofsoils动剪切模量dynamicmagnificationfactor动力放大因素lO.liquefactionstrength抗液化强度dimensionlessfrequency无量纲频率evaluationofliquefaction液化势评价stresswaveinsoils土中应力波dynamicsettlement振陷（动沉降）十九.动力机器基础equivalentlumpedparametermethod等效集总参数法dynamicsubgradereactionmethod动基床反力法vibrationisolation隔振foundationvibration基础振动elastichalf-spacetheoryoffoundationvibration基础振动弹性半空间理论allowableamplitudeoffoundation基础振动容许振幅naturalfrequencyoffoundation基础自振频率二十.地基基础抗震earthquakeengineering地震工程soildynamics土动力学durationofearthquake地震持续时间earthquakeresponsespectrum地震反应谱earthquakeintensity地震烈度earthquakemagnitude震级seismicpredominantperiod地震卓越周期