翻译演讲稿资料

第六组演讲稿李冰：200903014129甄金会：200903014102宋斌杰：200903014119Chapter1（李冰29）WordtranslationandlanguagecontextMeaningandcontextsclosely.Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword."Nocontext,andthewordisnosense"。Becauseofwordmeaningarestronglydependentonthecontext,theimportantpositionofcontextinthetranslationdoubtaboutthat。(collocation)referstothelanguageofeachlanguageingredientinthesystemwithnowandcombination,itisanimportantpartofthelanguagecontext.Accordingtotherelationshipbetweenwordscollocationmeaningisdeterminedinthetranslationofthestagewhenthemeaningoftheauthorunderstandingfrequentlyusedtool.Wordsandthelanguageenvironmenttootherlinguisticcomponentsoftie-inrelationshipcanhelpusjokesdifferentiatesmeanings,becauseintherelationshipbetweenspecificjokes,itsmeaningstendtobecomeclear,focus.Inthecontextofrealwordsisnotloneindividual,butthatthesentenceandtheperiodofarticle,andwiderthelanguageenvironment,suchasemotionalfactorssuchassocialculture.Chapter2（甄金会02）AccordingtolinguisticcontexttoselecttranslationwordsNow，let’stalksomethingaboutaccordingtolinguisticcontexttoselecttranslationwords.Whenwewanttochooseaproperwordinasentence,wemustpaymuchattentiontothelinguisticcontextofthesentenceeventhewholetext.Thereare5aspectswhichcanhelpustochoosetherightwords：1.ContextualAnalysisandunderstandingofthemeaning(语境分析与词义的理解)

2.ContextualAnalysisandChinesetranslationoffuzzywords(语境分析与汉语模糊词语的翻译)

3.SemanticAnalysisandinterpretationofmulti-meaningwords(语义分析与多义词的解释)

4.ContextualAnalysisandimpliedmeaningoftheexpressterms(语境分析与词语暗含意思的明示)

5.ContextualAnalysisandtranslationofthevacancies(语境分析与空缺词义的翻译)Now,abouteveryaspect,Iwillsupplyanexampletohelpyoutounderstandit.Thefistone,ContextualAnalysisandunderstandingofthemeaning只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。（专八）

Onlywhentheyarebothinterestedintheirtalkanddesiretocontinuetheirfriendship,willtheyexchangetheirvisitingcards.Itwillseemsomewhatimpropertopresentone’svisitingcardbeforeanyrealconversationgetsunderway.Whenwetranslatethissentence,onthesurface,wewilltranslatetheredwordsinto“speculative，initiative,withoutaword,reluctant.”Obviously,itisnotpropertoexpressthosewordsinthiswayaccordingtotheContextualAnalysis.When“投机”wasinvolvedinthisContextualAnalysis,itmeans“bothofthemareinterestedintheirtalk”.“二话不说”alsoisnotthemeaningofsayingnowords,itmeans“anyrealconversationgetsunderway”.About“主动”wecangetitfromthewholesentencewithouttranslateit.Thesecondone，ContextualAnalysisandChinesetranslationoffuzzywords火车行驶在一片荒无人烟的山野之中，人们一个个百无聊赖地望着窗外。

Asthetrainwasrumblingacrossadesolatemountainousarea,thepassengerslookedoutofthewindowidly.

whenwesee“人们”，mostofuswilltranslateitinto“people”withoutthinking,infact,itreferto“thepassengersinthetrain”wemustpayattentiontoit.Thethirdone,SemanticAnalysisandinterpretationofmulti-meaningwords身体好，学习好，工作好。Keepfit,studywellandworkhard.Thisthree“好”wecannottranslatealloftheminto“good”or“well”therearedifferentmeaningsofthem,sothecollocationofthemisalsodifferent.Thefourthone,ContextualAnalysisandimpliedmeaningoftheexpressterms我死了以后有我得儿子，儿子死了又有孙子，子子孙孙是没有穷尽的。《愚公移山》

AfterIdie,mysonwillcarryonthejob；andaftermysondie,mygrandsonwillcarryonthejob;thentherewillbetheirsonsandgrandsonsandsoontotheinfinity……Thereare2waystoexpressone’smeaning,explicatureandimplicature.Inthissentence,ifweonlytranslatethesurfacemeaning,itwillbemisunderstandbythereaders.Thefifthone,ContextualAnalysisandtranslationofthevacancies钱钟书周岁时“抓周”抓了一本书，因此得名“钟书”WhenQianwasjustoneyearold,hewasaskedbyhisparentstochooseonethingamongothers,hepickedupabookofallthings.Thereuponhisfatherverygladlygavehimthename:Zhongshu(=booklover)“抓周”isatraditionalcultureinChina,wecannotfinditinourdictionary.Butwecanexplainitaccordingtothemeaningsofthissentence.Conclusion:how?Anyactivitiescannotbedivorcedfromthespecificlinguisticcontext，translationisabilingualevent,semantictransformationisthecore,whichfunctionistounderstandandexpresstherealmeaning,therefore,Inthetranslationprocess,weneedtostartfromtheoriginalliteralmeaningbycontextanalysis,selectionofappropriatetargetlanguagewords.

Chapter3（宋斌杰19）AndnextIwilltalkaboutchapter3:Accordingtolinguisticcontexttoeliminatetheambiguity.First,whenwetalkabouttheambiguity,wemaysaywhyithappens?Inotherwords,ithassomeconditions.(1)Semantic:becausetherearesomanymeaningsandavarietyofrelationsbetweenwords.(2)Syntactic:therearemanymulti-directionalofverbsandthemulti-levelofthestructure.(3)Pragmatics:therearevarietiesofpossiblescenarios.Sothat’swhyambiguityexists.Therearethreetypicaltypesofambiguityasfollows:VoiceambiguityLexicalambiguityGrammaticalambiguityAndnextwetalkaboutvoiceambiguity,ithastwosituations:(1)Theambiguityarisingfromthecontinuous.Forexample:Myyoungerbrotherhada[greidei].括号里的内容可以理解为“gradeA”,又可以理解为“greyday”.(2)Sometimesthesamevoicebutdifferentmeaningscanalsoledtoambiguity.Forexample:Sevendayswithoutwatermakeoneweak.(week与weak谐音).Andthenlexicalambiguity,itduetothatawordhasdifferentmeaningsinonesentence,therefoursituations.Therehasmulti-meaningwordinonesentence.Forexample:Shedidn’ttakehistip.Inthissentence,“tip”,既可以理解为“小费”，也可以理解为“告诫”此句中的“tosseddown”可以理解为“囫囵吞下”或者是“扔到地上”。Somesentenceshavemorethanonemulti-meaningwords.Forexample:Jacksawthelight.(本义是，杰克看见了那盏灯。转义是，杰克明白了。)Heisasweetsalesman.(本义，他是一个糖果推销员。转义，他是一个和蔼可亲的推销员。)Sometimesawordhastwomeaningsdiametricallyopposite.Forexample:overlook,itmeanssupervise(监视、查看)，butitalsomeansignore,failedtosee（忽视，不看）。Thetwomeaningsareverydifferent.Forexample:Themeetinghadbeenoverlookedbythepoliceonduty.可以理解为“集会是在值班警察的监视下进行的”或“值班警察没有发现这次集会”。Ambiguityiscausedbychangesinmeanings.Forexample:Onlysomeofthevisitorsgainedadmittanceintothecleanroom.此句中的“cleanroom”原指“干净的房间”，但是此处取得了新意，指供制造精密零件用的无尘室。ThelastisGrammaticalambiguity.1)Theparallelstructurecausedambiguity.Forexample：Somepersonsafterconsumingalcohol,wanttofightandbecomehardtomange.意思可以是somepersonswantandbecome,也可以是wanttofightandwanttobecome.2)Omittedstructurecausedambiguity.Forexample:IlikemyroommatesaswellasNancy.此句可以理解为：likemyroommatesaswellasNancydoes或IlikeNancyandlikemyroommate.3)Negativewordscauseambiguity.Forexample:Janedoesn’tdancetopleasehermother.可以理解为，珍妮并不是为了使妈妈高兴才去跳舞的。又可理解为，珍妮为了使妈妈高兴而不去跳舞。Therearesomanyambiguitiesinthesentence,buthowtoeliminatetheambigu