0-应用统计方法第一章4学时

2023/10/221

应用统计方法电子教案开课系：数理系对象：工科研究生学时：48授课教师：李晓童Email：moonlane2009@126.com电话：897345912023/10/222参考书:<应用数理统计>吴翊等国防大学出版社1995<实用统计方法与SAS系统>高惠璇,北京大学出版社2001<实用统计方法>梅长林等西安交通大学出版社20022023/10/223考核方式

闭卷考试(50%)+课程论文(40%)+考勤（10%）2023/10/224主要内容数理统计基础--抽样分布,参数估计,假设检验回归分析方差分析多元分析的基本概念多元正态的参数估计与假设检验主成分分析判别分析聚类分析因子分析2023/10/225

chapter1数理统计基本概念

(BasicConceptofMathematicalStatistics)

2023/10/226数理统计学是数学的重要分支．它研究怎样有效得收集，整理和分析带有随机性的数据，以对所考察的问题作出推断和预测，直到采取一定的决策和行动提供依据和建议．统计学：去掉带有随机性．也是数据科学数理统计和统计学的区别：2023/10/227那里有受随机性影响的数据,那里就有数理统计的问题教育学医学环境科学气象，地质，考古，服装工业经济学社会学,心理学农业文学．．．．．2023/10/228例１如何估计产品的寿命？－－工业管理极重要的问题，因为寿命实验是破坏性的，只能抽取少量产品做试验．为评价这批电子产品的使用寿命，随机抽取１８台作试验，测得寿命数据为（小时）：

１７，２９，５０，６８，１００，１３０，１４０，２７０，２８０，３４０，４１０，４５０，５２０，６２０，１９０，２１０，８００，１１００．

问整批电子设备中寿命超过２００小时的占多大比例？（参数估计问题）2023/10/229例２某针织厂进行技术革新，漂白工艺过程中，要考虑温度对针织品断裂强力（主要质量指标）的影响，为了比较70°C,80°C

影响有无差异，在两个温度下做了８次试验：70:20.5,18.8,19.8,20.9,21.5,19.5,21.0,21.280:17.7,20.3,20.0,18.8,19.0,20.1,20.2,19.1.问这两种温度下强力有无差别?(假设检验问题)这1公斤差别是由什么引起?随机误差?温度的不同?2023/10/2210例3.为探讨吸烟与慢性支气管炎是否有关,调查了339人问从这批数据能否判定患慢性支气管炎与吸烟有关?(列联表的独立性)人数患未患合计吸烟43162205不吸烟13121134合计562833392023/10/2211§1.1样本和总体(SampleandPopulation)§1.2直方图与经验分布函数(HistogramandEmpiricalDistributionFunction)§1.3统计量及其分布(StatisticandDistribution)2023/10/2212§1.1样本和总体

(SampleandPopulation)2023/10/22132023/10/22142023/10/22152023/10/22162023/10/22172023/10/22182023/10/22192023/10/22202023/10/22212023/10/22222023/10/22232023/10/22242023/10/22252023/10/22262023/10/2227§1.2直方图与经验分布函数HistogramandEmpiricalDistributionFunction)2023/10/22282023/10/22292023/10/22302023/10/22312023/10/22322023/10/22332023/10/2234datawh100;

inputhw@@;

ifw<=50.3thenwc='<=50.3';

elseifw>50.3andw<=54.1thenwc='50.4-54.1';

elseifw>54.1andw<=57.9thenwc='54.2-57.9';

elseifw>57.9andw<=61.7thenwc='58.0-61.7';

elseifw>61.7andw<=65.5thenwc='61.8-65.5';

elseifw>65.5andw<=69.3thenwc='65.6-69.3';

elseifw>69.3andw<=73.1thenwc='69.4-73.1';

elsewc='>=73.2';

wgroup=int((w-46.5)*8/(77-46.5)-0.001)+1;

cards;

2023/10/2235172.475.0169.354.8169.364.0171.464.8166.547.4171.462.2

168.266.9165.152.0168.862.2167.865.0165.862.2167.865.0

164.458.7169.957.5164.963.5160.355.2175.066.6172.573.5

172.064.0168.457.0155.057.0175.563.9172.369.0168.658.0

176.456.9173.257.5167.550.0169.452.2166.772.0169.557.0

165.755.4161.248.5172.857.0175.175.5157.550.5169.862.9

168.663.4172.661.0163.858.5165.161.5166.752.5170.961.0

166.169.5166.262.5172.452.6172.860.0177.863.9162.756.8

168.854.0169.166.2177.560.0177.066.2169.955.9167.454.4

169.358.4172.872.8169.858.0160.065.3179.162.2172.349.8

163.346.5172.966.7165.458.0175.863.2162.352.2165.465.7

171.559.3176.666.3181.768.6175.274.9169.559.5169.661.5

169.163.1185.577.0173.965.5162.550.0171.558.5175.659.8

166.075.5167.263.3171.957.0176.658.4177.367.0169.271.8

166.249.8181.763.0175.868.3172.355.5172.758.5174.364.0

171.259.0174.868.0165.455.5169.164.8167.962.0176.864.0

183.569.9165.548.6171.070.5170.358.5

2023/10/2236procprintdata=wh100;

run;

procfreqdata=wh100;

tableswc;/*tableswgroup;*/

title'100名学生的体重分为8个组的频数表';

run;

procchartdata=wh100;

vbarw/midpoints=48to76by4;

title'对学生体重数据使用选项MIDPOINT=产生的条形图';

run;

procchartdata=wh100;

vbarwgroup/discrete;/*vbarwc/discrete;*/

title'把输出1.2.1的频数表用条形图表示';

run;

procunivariatedata=wh100plot;

varw;

run;2023/10/2237100名学生的体重分为8个组的频数表312:45Thursday,February18,2009TheFREQProcedureCumulativeCumulativewcFrequencyPercentFrequencyPercent--------------------------------------------------------------<=50.388.0088.0050.4-54.177.001515.0054.2-57.91616.003131.0058.0-61.720

20.005151.0061.8-65.52525.007676.0065.6-69.31212.008888.0069.4-73.166.009494.00>=73.266.00100100.002023/10/2238TheUNIVARIATEProcedureVariable:wStemLeaf#Boxplot7601|7490554|720853|70582|680360596|6622367907|640000880035711+-----+6202222590123459915||600000556*-+--*580004455557035814||568900000559+-----+54048245598|52022565|500053|4856884|46542|----+----+----+----+2023/10/2239五数概括与箱线图----次序统计量的应用之一2023/10/2240做法做法:1画一个箱子,其两侧恰为第一4分位数和第三4分位数,在中位数位置上画一竖线,它在箱子内,这个箱子包含了样本中50%的数据.2在箱子左右两侧各引一条水平线,分别至最小值和最大值为止.个线段包含了样本的25%的数据.2023/10/2241二茎叶图:每个数值分为两部分,前面一部分(百位,十位)称为茎,后面部分(个位)称为叶.

如:数值分开茎叶

11212|2112

然后画一竖线,在竖线的左侧写上茎,右侧写上叶.就形成了茎叶图.64770246698012333566779911233335667791000246678811224689912235681332023/10/2242

要比较两组样本时,可画出它们的背靠背的茎叶图.这是简单,直观而有效的对比方法.例2.下面的数据是某厂车间某天40名员工生产的产品的数量.

甲车间62056乙车间

877755542116677888776644217224555566688987665328011333444667787321092235853001072023/10/22432023/10/22442023/10/22452023/10/22462023/10/22472023/10/2248§1.3统计量及其分布(StatisticandDistribution)2023/10/22492023/10/2250dataMoney50;inputw@@;cards;9248009167048701040824690574490972988126668476494040880461089260275478896270471285488876884888211928208786148467468287928726966449268081010728742850864738;procprintdata=Money50;varw;procmeansdata=Money50;varw;procunivariatedata=Money50plot;varw;run;2023/10/2251

TheMEANSProcedureAnalysisVariable:wNMeanStdDevMinimumMaximum------------------------------------------------------------------50810.3200000156.1738226408.00000001266.00------------------------------------------------------------------StemLeaf#Boxplot127101211910111010142|96793|922344|85555677889911+-----+80012236*--+--*75567996||700013447+-----+6892|601144|571|5|491|4110----+----+----+----+MultiplyStem.Leafby10**+22023/10/2252StemLeaf#Boxplot127101211910111010142|96793|922344|85555677889911+-----+80012236*--+--*75567996||700013447+-----+6892|601144|571|5|491|4110----+----+----+----+MultiplyStem.Leafby10**+22023/10/2253TheSASSystem13:47Saturday,February20,200922TheUNIVARIATEProcedureVariable:wMoments