新编大学英语(第三版)1第一册-unit-1-Grammar-and-Vocabulary

PAGEPAGE3Unit1 PersonalRelationshipIn-ClassReadingTheGiftofLifeWords&Usage词汇精讲action［用法］n.行动，行动过程，所作所为，作为e.g.Officialsarenotplanninganydrasticaction.官员们没有计划进行大刀阔斧的行动。［快捷记忆］actv.(立即)行动e.g.Hadtherescueworkersnotactedsoswiftly,hewouldhavedied.balance［用法］n.平衡，均衡e.g.Theoutcomeofthebasketballgamewasinthebalanceuntilthelastminute.那场篮球赛直到最后一分钟也没决出胜负。e.g.Ifounditveryhardtokeepmybalanceontheicypath.我感到在结冰的小路上行走很难保持身体平衡。injure［用法］v.伤害，损伤，损害e.g.Ninepeoplediedand54wereinjuredintheaccident.在这次事故中有9人死亡，54人受伤。［比较］hurt/injure/impair此三词均含有伤害或损害某人或某物之意，injure指任何种类的伤害，不分大小；e.g.Dishonestyinjuresabusiness.hurt可代替injure，但不如injure正式，尤指对人或动物造成肉体和精神的伤害；e.g.Hehurtmyhandbytwistingit.impair表示借削弱、缩小、减损力量或价值而伤害e.g.Pooreatinghabitsimpairhealth.［快捷记忆］injuryn.Buildingworkersriskinjurybynotwearinghelmets.4.insertv.插入，嵌入e.g.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.e.g.“Whistle”isnotwrittenlikethat.Youhavetoinserta“t”betweenthe“s”andthe“l”.［快捷记忆］insertionn.（into/of）插入，插入物occasionaladj.偶尔的，间或发生的e.g.Butnowhisoccasionalsobturnedtoasteady,silentcrying...e.g.Joeisasolidplayerwithoccasionalflashesofbrilliance.［快捷记忆］occasionn.时刻，时机，机会，特殊（或）重大场合e.g.Wetestedasimilarproductonanearlieroccasion.e.g.Thetripwetooktogethergaveusanoccasiontogetbetteracquainted.e.g.Ionlywearatieonspecialoccasions.6.reliefn.痛苦等）缓解，减轻，解除：（痛苦、忧虑等消除后感到的）轻松，宽心，宽慰减轻；解除；轻松；浮雕；救济(品)；安慰；替代e.g.Whenshenodded,alookofgreatreliefspreadoverhisface.e.g.Theyfeltreliefwhenthecrisiswasover.e.g.Themedicinethedoctorgavemebroughtrelieftomyheadache.［快捷记忆］relievev.减轻，缓解；使宽心，使宽慰e.g.Anxietymayberelievedbytalkingtofriends.e.g.Iwasgreatlyrelievedatthenews.7.stiffadj.硬的，僵直的，（手脚等）不灵活的e.g.ThroughallofthisHenglaystiffandsilent.e.g.Hislegsfeltstifffromhavingsatforsolong.8.wide-eyedadj.睁大眼睛的e.g.Theirrequestwasmetwithwide-eyedsilence.构词法：wide（形容词）+eye(名词)+ed=形容词kind-hearted好心的，仁慈的good-tempered好脾气的，和气的good-natured性情温和的，和善的DifficultSentences难句详解Theyquicklyfoundtheyounggirltobebadlyinjured,anditwasclearthatwithoutimmediateaction,shewoulddiefromlossofbloodandshock.(Line5，Para3)译文他们很快发现这个女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。该句中clear常可被其他形容词替换如：itisobviousthat,itisapparentthat,itisevidentthat等，例：Itiscleartousthattheydon'twanttodothat.

我们很清楚地看到他们不愿做那件事。Itwasapparentthathewasinnoconditiontotravel.

他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。Itwasevidentthatshelikedhimstill.

很显然她还是喜欢他。2.Usingwhatlittlecommonlanguagetheycouldfind,togetherwithalotofsignlanguage,theytriedtoexplaintothefrightenedchildrenthatunlesstheycouldgivesomebloodtotheirlittlefriendshewouldcertainlydie.(Line16)译文医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。该句的主干部分是theytriedtoexplain…，其中Using加宾语从句在句中充当伴随状语，thefrightenedchildren是句子的间接宾语，that引导的从句为直接宾语。3.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.(Line27)children.［词组与搭配］：inchaseof［快捷记忆］chasen.追逐，追赶，被追逐的人（物）4.datev.与（异性朋友）约会。n.（尤指男女间的）约会Shehasbeendatingtheboyformonths.5.denyv.拒绝给予，拒绝……的要求，否认，不承认e.g.Thecourtdeniedhisrequestforanewtrial.法院拒绝了他提出的复审要求。Hedeniedittobethecase.他说事实不是这样。［词组与搭配］denyoneself克制自己denyoneselfto不会见，谢绝e.g.Mymotherdeniedherselfconstantly.Shedeniesherselftoallvisitors.6．hesitatev.犹豫，踌躇e.g.Don’thesitatetocallmeifyouneedanyhelp.［快捷记忆］hesitationn.犹豫，踌躇，迟疑7.rewardingadj.值得做的，有益的e.g.OurjourneytotheYukonwasaveryrewardingexperience.8.survivev.经历……后继续存在，幸存，活下来e.g.Ofallthemuseum’spaintings,onlyonesurvivedthefire.［快捷记忆］survivaln.幸存，残存，继续存在e.g.Inthesejungleareas,everydayisafightforsurvival.DifficultSentences难句详解1.Havinggoodoldfriendsisagoodthing,butmakingnewonescanbeevenbetter.译文有要好的老朋友是件好事，但结交新朋友则会更好。本句中，动名词结构havinggoodoldfriends和makingnewones分别是两个并列句的主语。2.Nomatterwhatageweare,allofusappreciatethesupportandhelpwhichfriendsgiveus.译文不论我们年龄有多大，我们都感激朋友给予我们的支持和帮助。nomatterwhat表达让步。e.g.Nomatterwhatyouhavedonebefore,I’llforgiveyou.不管你以前做过什么，我都会原谅你的。3.She’snotjustanotherpersonIcantalkwithorwavetoaswepassoneanotheronthestreet,butagoodfriend.译文她对于我，并不仅仅是又多了一位在街上碰到时打个招呼讲讲话的人，而是一位真正的好朋友。Icantalkwithorwaveto前面省略了whom或that,agoodfriend前省略了Sheis。as引导时间状语从句。4.Youhesitateanddragyourfeetbecauseyoucan’tbelieveyouhavetostartoveragain.译文你犹豫踌躇，裹足不前，因为你很难相信你又得从头来过。dragyourfeet拖着脚步(故意拖延)；startover重新开始e.g.Isuggestthatyoutearupthecompositionandstartoveragain.我建议你把这篇作文撕掉，再从头开始写。该句中用hesitate和dragyourfeet形象地渲染了矛盾、纠结的心理。5.Butwhenyoudo,it’snothalfashardasyouthoughtitwouldbe,andit’stwiceasrewardingasyoumighthavehoped.译文但当你真正做的时候，它的难度还不到你预料的一半，而得到的回报却是你原本期望的两倍。nothalfashardasyouthought和twiceasrewardingasyou