剑桥12听力test2文本

剑桥12test2section1

Goodmorning,KentonFestivalboxoffice.HowcanIhelpyou?

Oh,goodmorning.I'mcomingtoKentonforafewdays'holidaynextmonth,andafriendtoldmethere'safestival.

Shegavemethisnumbertofindoutaboutit.

That'sright.Thefestivalbeginsonthe16thofMayandgoesontillthe19th.

Oh,that'sgreat.I'llbetherefromthe15thtillthe19th.

Socouldyoutellmetheprogramme,please?

Well,onthefirstday,there'stheopeningceremony,inthetowncentre.

Peoplestartgatheringaround2o'clock,togetgoodplacetoseefrom,andtheeventswillstartat2:45,andfinishabout5:30.

OK,thanks.I'llmakesureIgetthereearlytogetsgoodspot.

Thefestivalwillbeofficiallyopenedbythemayor.

He'lljustspeakforafewminutes,welcomingeveryonetothefestival.

Allthetowncouncillorswillbethere,andofcourselotsofotherpeople.Right.

Thenthere'llbeaperformancebyaband.

Mostyearswehaveachildren'schoir,butthisyearthelocalarmycadetsofferedtoperform,andthey'reverygood.Uhuh.

Afterthat,acommunitygroupfromthetownwillperformaplaythey'vewrittenthemselves,justashortone.

It'saboutHelenTungate.Idon'tknowifyou'veheardofher.

Icertainlyhave.Shewasascientistyearsago.

That'sright.ShewasborninKentonexactly100yearsago,sowe'recelebratinghercentenary.

I'mabiologist,soI'vealwaysbeeninterestedinher.Ididn'trealiseshecamefromKenton.

Yes.Well,allthatwilltakeplaceintheafternoon,andlater,asthesunsets,there'llbeafireworkdisplay.

Youshouldgototheparktowatch,asyou'llgetthebestviewfromthere,andthedisplaytakesplaceontheoppositesideoftheriver.

It'salwaysoneofthemostpopulareventsinthefestival.

Soundsgreat.

Andwhat'shappeningontheotherdays?

Thereareseveraleventsthatgoonthewholetime.

Forexample,thestudentsoftheartcollegehaveproducedanumberofvideos,

allconnectedwithrelationshipsbetweenchildrenandtheirgrandparents.

Thatsoundsinteresting.Itmakesachangefromchildrenandparents,doesn'tit!

Exactly.Becausetheartcollegeisinuseforclasses,throughoutthefestival,thevideosarebeingshowninHandsworthHouse.

Howdoyouspellthename?

H-A-N-D-S-W-0-R-T-H.HandsworthHouse.It'sclosetotheTownHall.Right.

Nowletmesee,whatelsecanItellyouabout?

Arethereanydisplaysofballetdancing?

I'mparticularlyinterestedinthatasIdoitasahobby.

Thereisn'tanyballet,I'mafraid,butthere'llbeademonstrationoftraditionaldancesfromallaroundthecountry.

Oh,that'dbenice.Where'sthatbeingheld?

It'sinthemarketinthetowncentre-theoutdoorone,notthecoveredmarket.

Andit'sonat2and5everyafternoonofthefestival,apartfromthefirstday.

Lovely.I'minterestedinallkindsofdancing,soI'msureI'llenjoythat!

Mmm.I'msureyouwill.

AndI'dreallyliketogotosomeconcerts,ifthereareany.

Yes,thereareseveral.

Threeperformedbyprofessionals,andonebylocalchildren.

Andwhereisitbeingheld?

It'sinthelibrary,whichisinParkStreet.Onthe18th,at6:30intheevening.

IpresumeI'llneedticketsforthat.

Yes,youcanbookonline,oryoucanbuythemwhenyouarriveinKenton,

eitheratthefestivalboxoffice,orfromanyshopsdisplayingourlogointhewindows.

AndafterhavingadayoffonSunday,ourfinalplayisonMonday,

andit'sinthestunningsettingoftheoldTownHall,whichdatesbacktothe14thcentury.

Theperformancemarksthefiftyyearsthattheleadactorhasbeenonstage,

andtheplayistheonewherehemadehisfirstprofessionalappearance,allthoseyearsago.

Andthedayafterthat,we'llbeflyingbackhome.NowhaveyougotanyquestionsbeforeI...

剑桥12test2section3

Ohgoodmorning.YoumustbeJames.I'mBethCartwright-pleasecallmeBeth.Thankyou.

NowasthisisyourfirsttutorialsinceyoustartedontheScandinavianStudiescourse,I'dliketofindoutsomethingaboutyou.

Whydidyoudecidetotakethiscourse?

Well,mymomisDanish,andalthoughwealwayslivedinEngland,

sheusedtotalkaboutherhomealot,andthatmademewanttovisitDenmark.

Wehardlyeverdid,though-mymotherusuallywentonherown.

ButwheneverherrelationsorfriendswereinEnglandtheyalwayscametoseeus.

Isee.SoIassumeyoualreadyspeakDanish,oneofthelanguagesyou'llbestudying.

IcangetbywhenItalktopeople,thoughI'mnotterriblyaccurate.

Nowyouprobablyknowthatyou'llspendthethirdyearofthecourseabroad.

Haveyouhadanythoughtsaboutthat?

I'mreallylookingforwardtoit.

AndalthoughDenmarkseemstheobviousplacetogo,becauseofmyfamilyconnections,I'dlovetospendthetimeinIceland.

Oh,I'msureitcanbearranged.

Doyouhaveanyplansforwhenyougraduate?

Alotofstudentsgoontotakeamaster'sdegree.

Ithinkthefouryearsoftheundergraduatecoursewillbeenoughforme.

I'minterestedinjournalism,andIquiteliketheideaofmovingtoScandinaviaandwritingformagazines.

I'dfindthatmorecreativethantranslating,whichIsupposemostgraduatesdo.

OK.Nowhowareyoufindingthecoursesyou'retakingthisterm,James?

Well.I'mreallyenjoyingtheoneonSwedishcinema.

That'llcontinuenextterm,buttheoneonScandinavianliteraturethat'srunningatthemomentwillbereplacedbymorespecialisedcourses.

Oh,andbytheway,ifyou'reinterestedinwatchingDanishtelevisionprogrammes

there'sgoingtobeacourseonthatthetermafternext.

Thatsoundsgood.

Haveyoustartedthinkingabouttheliteraturepaperthatyouhavetowriteinthenextfewweeks?

Yes,myfirstchoicewouldbetodosomethingontheIcelandicsagas.

Hmm.Thetroublewiththatisthatalotofpeoplechoosethattopic,anditcanbedifficulttogetholdofthebooksyou'llneed.

Whynotleavethatforanothertime?Right.

Youmightfindmodernnovelsor19thcenturyplaywrightsinteresting.

I'vereadorseenseveralplaysintranslation,sothatwouldbeagoodidea.

Fine.I'llputyoudownforthattopic.

Right.Sowhatwouldyouadvisemetoaimatinthepaper?

FirstIsuggestyouavoidtakingonewriterandgoingintoagreatdealofdetail.

Thatapproachcertainlyhasitsplace,butIthinkyoufirstneedtogetanunderstandingoftheliteratureinthecontextofthesocietyinwhichitwasproducedwhoitwaswrittenfor,howitwaspublished,andsoon.

Ialsothinkthat'smorefruitfulthanplacingitwithinthehistoryofthegenre.

OK,thatsoundsreasonable.

CouldIaskforsomeadviceaboutwritingthepaperI'mworkingonabouttheVikings?

Ihavetodothatthisweek,andI'mabitstuck.

Ofcourse.Haveyoudecidedyetwhattowriteabout?

No,Ihaven't.There'ssomuchthatseemsinteresting-Vikingsettlementinothercountries,trade,mythology...

Well,whatIsuggestisthatyoureadanassignmentastudentwrotelastyear,whichiskeptinthelibrary.

It'sshortandwellfocused,andI'msureyou'llfindithelpful.

I'llgiveyouthedetailsinamoment.

Textbooksusuallycoversomanytopics,itcanbeverydifficulttochoosejustone.

OK.I'vegotaDVDofthefilmabouttheVikingsthatcameoutearlierthisyear.

ShouldIwatchthatagain?

Ifit'stheoneIamthinkingof,hmm,I'dignoreit-it'smorefantasythanreality.

ButI'vegotarecordingofadocumentarythatyoushouldwatch.

Itmakessomeinterestingandprovocativepoints,whichIthinkwillhelpyoutofocusyourtopic.Right.SothenshouldIworkoutanoutline?

Yes.Justheadingsfordifferentsectionsatthisstage.

Andthenyoushouldstartlookingforsuitablearticlesandbookstodrawon,andtakenoteswhichyouorganiseaccordingtothoseheadings.

Isee.Thenputshortphrasesandsentencesasbulletpointsundereachheading.

Makesurethatthisskeletonmakessenseandflowsproperly,beforewritingupthepaperinfull.OK.Thanks,that'sveryhelpful.

剑桥12test2section4

Overtheyears,attitudestowardsworkershavechangedconsiderably.

Afterall,therewasatimewhenworkershadnorightsatall,andlabouredinappallingconditions.

Conditionshaveimprovedalot,butconflictintheworkplaceisstillcommon.

Andhumanresourcesmanagersnowadaysneedtobeabletodealwithitwhennecessary.

Whatisconflictintheworkplace?

Definitionsvary,butI'mtakingittorefertoawholerangeofbehavioursthatthevictimfindsunacceptable,

fromminor,harmlessargumentsto-attheoppositeextreme-physicalviolence.

Muchofthisiscoveredbythetermbullying,

bywhichImeanoneormorepeoplebehavingabusivelyoraggressivelyagainstanotherwhoisinaweakerposition.

Althoughallbehaviourlikethisisaformofconflict,notallconflictcanbedescribedintheseterms.Aswithallhumanbehaviour,therearenumerousreasonsforit.

Butoftenit'scausedbysomeonewhofeelstheneedtoshowtheirsuperiorityoversomeoneelse,inorderto,feelthattheyaren'tatthelowestlevelinahierarchyoragroupofpeople.

Insomecasesonepersonsimplydisliketheotheronthebasis

thatthepersonalityofoneisinsomewayincompatiblewiththatoftheotherperson.

Ageneralhabitofoptimisminonepersoncouldmakethemintolerantofacolleaguewho'sconstantlypessimistic

notthatthatjustifiestreatingthembadly,ofcourse.

Someconflictsarisewhenpeoplearemoreinterestedinpromotingthemselvesandtheirteamthaninthecompanyasawhole.

Theseconflictsarecalled'structural'andcouldcomeabout,forexample,

whenasalesteambelievetheyaretheonlypeopleinthebusinesswhodoanyusefulwork,andlookdownonbehind-the-scenesadministrators.

Conflictobviouslyaffectstheindividualsconcerned-thesituationislikelytobeverystressfulforvictims,

resultintheirabsencefromwork,possiblyformonths.

Forthecompany,ifnoeffortismadetodealwithconflict,itcanspiraloutofcontrol,andevenleadtothebreakdownofthebusiness.

Someinterestingworkwithchiefexecutives-CEOs-hasuncoveredsomeofthereasonswhytheymaytreatcolleaguesbadly.

ManyCEOscombinetwoopposingcharacteristics:confidence-thatis,thebeliefthatthey'recapableofgreatachievementswithahighlevelofanxiety,afearofmissingtargets,whethersetbythemselvesorbythedirectorsofthecompany.

Thiscombinationcanmakethemrespondbadlytoanyonewhoquestionstheirdecisions.

Inahighpressureworkenvironment,suchcharacteristicsbecomeproblematic.

Andit'sparticularlydifficulttotacklethesituationwherecolleagues,

managersandboardmembersarealltryingtoachievetheirownvisions.

Whentheycan'tagreeonstrategicissuesandonwheretheyseethebusinessgoing,therearerealproblems.

Formanagersatlowerlevelswithintheorganisation,itmightseemthatanautocraticfo