陵水黎族自治县2023年考研《英语一》预测试题含解析

陵水黎族自治县2023年考研《英语一》预测试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They1withthemlotsofwaste.The2mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe3ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I’m4abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.However,Isoon5thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof6amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda7mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare8buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe9.ThebestofaKilimanjaro10,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare11asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This12isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas13gothroughfiveecosystems(生态系统)inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,14landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather15—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I16twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland17:gravel(砾石),stonesandrocks.18youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith19snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro20itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.1、A．keep B．mix C．connect D．bring2、A．stories B．buildings C．crowds D．reporters3、A．position B．age C．face D．name4、A．silent B．skeptical C．serious D．crazy5、A．discover B．argue C．decide D．advocate6、A．equipment B．grass C．camps D．stones7、A．remote B．quiet C．tall D．clean8、A．new B．special C．significant D．necessary9、A．payingoff B．spreadingout C．blowingup D．fadingaway10、A．atmosphere B．experience C．experiment D．sight11、A．studied B．observed C．explored D．regarded12、A．view B．quality C．reason D．purpose13、A．scientists B．climbers C．locals D．officials14、A．holdingonto B．goingbackto C．livingupto D．givingwayto15、A．changes B．clears C．improves D．permits16、A．match B．imagine C．count D．add17、A．village B．desert C．road D．lake18、A．Obviously B．Easily C．Consequently D．Finally19、A．permanent B．little C．fresh D．artificial20、A．enjoy B．deserve C．save D．acquireSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1JimSebastian,50,isatransportationplannerandmanageroftheDistrict’sactivetransportationbranch,whichrunsCapitalBikeshareandisresponsiblefortrails,bikelanes(车道)andpedestrianplanning.Youbiketoworkeveryday,right?Noteveryday.ButmostdaysIbikeforatleastpartofit.SoI’llMetroandthenbikefromNoMadowntoNavyYardonaBikesharebike.Doyoustopatallstopsigns?Ofcourse.Whenyou’redrivingacar,haveyouevershoutedorshakenyourfistatabicyclist?No,Ihaven’tshoutedatthem,butIhavetakenintoaccountthekindoffrustrationmostdriversmightfeelbehindacyclist.ButmypositionisthatIrespecttheirrighttobeontheroadandtrytogivethemasmuchspaceaspossible.Shouldbicyclistsberequiredtohavelicenses?No.Ithinkthatwouldreallycutdownontheconvenienceofbicycling.Idon’treallythinkitmakessenseanditwouldbeagreatburdenforthegovernmenttotryandlicenseallriders.Whatwepreferistoestablishpoliciesandmakeitsaferforeveryone.Wouldyousupportaone-dayeventwherepeoplecanonlywalkorbikeortakepublictransportation?Thatwouldbenice,butitmightbeabitofachallenge.WhatwesawontheMetroclosuredaywasthatonveryshortnoticealotofpeoplefoundotherwaystogettowork,andthatwasexciting.WeofferedafreedaymembershiponBikeshare,andwehadalotofpeopletryitforthefirsttime.Wehad149peoplejoinorrenewthatday.1、Whatcanweinferaboutmostdriversdrivingbehindacyclist?A．Theymayfeelannoyedandupset.B．Theystayfarawayfromthecyclist.C．Theyshowgreatrespecttothecyclist.D．Theymakewayforthecyclistpolitely.2、WhatisJim’sattitudetobicyclelicensing?A．Supportive.B．Cautious.C．Negative.D．Doubtful.3、OntheMetroclosureday_______.A．peopleenjoyfreeBikesharemembershipB．publictransportationisunavailableC．mostpeoplewalktoworkD．peoplehaveonedayoff4、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pedestrian”inthefirstparagraphmeaninChinese?A．乘客B．顾客C．行人D．过路人Text2NeilJordan,aconservationbiologist,hascomeupwithanovelmethodforprotectingcattlefromAfricanlions:painteyesontheirbehinds.Thelionswillthinktheirintendedpreyhasseenthemandwillgiveup,sincethey’velosttheelementofsurprise.Thispsychologicaltrickeryhasbeencalled“iCow”,whichisactuallynotasstrangeasitsounds.Theeye-likepatternsonbutterflywingsareknowntopreventpreyingbirdsandwoodcuttersinIndianforestswearmasksonthebacksoftheirheadswhenworkingtodiscouragehungrytigers.TheinspirationfortheiCowstrategycamewhileJordanwasbasedinavillageinBotswana,whentwolionesseswerekilledbylocalfarmerstorevengetheircattle’sdeath.TheAfricanlionisavulnerablespecies,withnumbersdroppingfromover100,000inthe1990stoabout30,000today.Muchofthatdeclineisduetothesekindsofrevengefulkillingsbecausefarmershavenoeffectivestrategiesforprotectingtheirherds.“Lionsarehuntersthatliketoattackbysurprise.Theymoveslowly,quietlyandcarefullytotheirprey,getcloseandjumponthemunseen,”hesaid.WhenJordanwaswatchingalionfollowanantelopeoneday,henoticedtheliongaveupthehuntoncetheantelopespottedit.Sohejoinedoneofthelocalfarmersona10-weektrialstudy,paintingeyesonone-thirdofaherdof62cattle.Whenthecattlereturnedeachnight,theytookaheadcounttoseehowmanyhadsurvived.Onlythreecowswerekilledbylionsduringthisperiod-allwithoutthepaintedeyesontheirbehinds.Andallthepaintedcowssurvived.However,Jordanwarnedthatsofarthisisjustapromisingidea.HeisnowbackinBotswanaforamoreambitiousstudy,armedwithGPSdevicestobettermonitorthemovementofpredatorsandprey.1、TheiCowstrategyisdesignedto.A．killthelionsB．warnthepreysofdangerC．identifythecattleD．scareoffanimalsthatkill2、Whenhunting,lionsliketo.A．giveuphalfwayB．hesitatetotakeactionC．chasetheirpreysteadilyD．launchsurprisingattacks3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．TheiCowstrategyislikelytobringgreatbenefit.B．Inthe10-weektrialstudymorecattlewerekilled.C．Thefarmerswilltaketheirrevengeonmorelions.D．Neilgotinspirationfrompatternsonbutterflywings.Text3InDecember2008,CarolineKennedy—daughterofthelateU.S.PresidentJohnF.Kennedy—satdown,asafrontrunnerfortheSenateseatinNewYork,foratelevisedinterviewthathelpeddecidethefutureofhercampaign.Theresultwasadisaster.Herperformancewasn’twellreceived,inpartbecauseherspeechwasfulloffillerwords—“ums,”“ahs”and“youknows.”Onelistenercounted27“ums”and38“youknows”inthespaceoffiveminutes.Afewweeksaftertheinterview,KennedyendedherSenatecampaign.Fillerwordsmayseemnaturalineverydayspeech,buttheycanbedeadlyinformalpresentations.“Usingexcessivefillersisthemostannoyingspeechhabit,”saidSusanWard,aspeechspecialist.“Theytakeyourlistener’sattentionawayoftentothepointthathedoesn’thearanythingyousay.Yourmessageisentirelylost.”Manyspeakersareafraidofpause.Theybelievetheiraudiencewillthinktheyareinarticulate(不善于表达)iftheypausetothinkofwhattosaynext,sotheyusefillerwordstoavoidthesilence.However,apauseisactuallymoreimpressivethanafillerword.Listenersknowthatthespeakeristhinking,tryingtofindtherightword.Sometimesapausecanactuallyimproveaspeech,aswhenanactorusesadramaticpausetoholdtheattentionofhisaudience.Aspeakershouldn’tbeafraidtopauseoccasionallyduringaspeech;itshowsself-confidence.Ittakessomeworktocutoutfillerwords.Youcanbeginbytakingafewsecondstothinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaythenexttimeyouareaskedaquestion.Thispausewillhelpyoubeginpowerfully,anditwillhelpyouavoidusingafillerword.Thesamepublicspeakingtechniqueapplieswhenyouareshiftingfromoneideatoanother.Whileyoumaybetemptedtofillthesilencebetweenideaswithafillerword,remembertoallowyourselftopauseandthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaynext.Ifyouneedhelpovercomingyour“um”problem,consideraskingafamilymemberorafriendtopointoutwhenyouusefillerwords.Youalsocouldrecordanupcomingpresentationandthenwatchyourselfinaction.Youmaybeamazedathowoftenyousay“um”or“uh”!Althoughweliveinafast-pacedsocietythatseeminglydemandsinstantanswers,wemustusethepausetoouradvantage.Finally,weshouldonlyspeakwhenweareready.1、Inthefirsttwoparagraphsofthearticlethewriterintendsto______.A．introduceCarolineKennedytoreadersB．illustratehowdeadlyfillerwordscanbeinthepublicspeechC．explainwhatfillerwordsareD．remindreadersthattheyshouldcountfillerwordsusedinpublicspeeches2、Thereasonwhyfillerwordsareconsideredannoyingbyspeechspecialististhat______.A．theypreventthelistenerfromfocusingonwhatthespeakerissaying.B．theyconveythespeaker’ssuperioritytothelistener.C．theymeanthespeakerisnotarticulateatall.D．theymakethespeakerappearself-confident.3、Whenusedproperly,pausesinspeechescanactually______.A．givethespeakermorecredibilityB．holdtheattentionoftheaudienceC．showthespeaker’sdeepinsightD．helptheaudiencerelax4、WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasawaytogetridoffillerwords?A．Tohavementaltraininginordertothinkfaster.B．Toasksomeoneelsetopointoutwhenyouusefillerwords.C．Towatcharecordingofyourownspeech.D．Topracticethinkingforamomentbeforeansweringaquestion.Text4Google,oneoftheworld’soutstandingtechcompanies,wasattacked.Itwasn’titssearchenginethatwasattackedoritsadvertisingplatformorevenitssocialnetwork.Google+.Instead,itwasabuilding.Twowebsecurityexpertshacked(侵入)intoitsWharf7officeinSydney,Australia,throughGoogle’sbuildingmanagementsystem(BMS).Oneofthem,BillyRios,says,“MycolleagueandIhavelotofexperienceinwebsecurity,butitisnotsomethingthatpeoplecouldn’tlearn.Onceyouunderstandhowthesystemworks,itisverysimple.”TheyfoundthesystemonShodan,asearchenginethatlistsdevicesconnectedtotheInternet,andthenranitthroughtheirownsoftwaretoidentifywhoownedthebuilding.InthecaseoftheGooglehacking,theresearchershadnoimmoralpurposeandjustinformedGoogleaboutwhattheyfound.AccordingtoMrRios,whorunssecuritycompanyWhitescope,thereare50,000buildingscurrentlyconnectedtotheInternet,includingresearchinstitutes,churchesandhospitals,and2,000ofthoseareonlinewithpasswordprotection,MartynThomas,aprofessorofITatGreshamCollegeintheUK,says,“Itisbeyonddoubtthatattemptstoattackbuildingmanagementsystemsarehappeningallthetime.”Makingabuildingsmartgenerallymeansconnectingthesystemsthatcontrolheating,lightingandsecuritytotheInternetandthewidercorporatenetwork.Therewasastrongreasonfordoingthis,saidAndrewKelly,principalsecurityconsultantatdefencecompanyQinetiq.“Energysavingsarethebiggestfactorinconnectingbuildingmanagementsystemstothecorporatenetwork,”hesays.“Itgivesthosewhorunthebuildingbettercontrolandoffersbetween20%to50%inenergysavings,”headds.Butitalsomakesthemlesssecure.AndifanyofthesefeelslikeaHollywoodfilm,thinkagain.1、HowdidBillyRiosandhiscolleaguehackGoogle’sbuilding?A．TheyinventedasearchengineandconnectedittoGoogle’sbuilding.B．TheyworkedforGoogleandmasteredhowthebuildingworked.C．TheyusedGoogle’sBMStofindouttheownerofthebuilding,D．TheyconnectedtheirownsoftwaretothebuildingtorunGoogle.2、InthecaseoftheGooglehacking,theresearchershadtheintentionof________.A．analyzingsomeimmoralproblemsB．explainingthereasonsforenergysavingsC．enteringGoogle’sbuildingtosavemoreenergyD．tellingGoogleabouttheWharf7office’shiddendanger3、What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A．Thebuildingmanagementsystemsofsomebuildingsareindanger.B．Therearemanyresearcherscontributingalottowebsecurity.C．Theattackonbuildingmanagementsystemshappensallovertheworld.D．TherearetoomanybuildingsconnectedtotheInternettobemanagedwell.4、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthewayoftheenergysavingsofsomebuildings?A．Ambiguous.B．Negative.C．Indifferent.D．Favorable.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)China,whichtakesprideinfourinventionsinancienttimes,hasonceagainshownitsability1．(change)theworldwithitsnewfourgreatinventions:high-speedrailways,electronicpayment,sharedbicyclesandonlineshoppingRecently,the“newfourgreatinventions”2．(improve)thequalityofpeople’slivesThankstoonlineshoppingandmobilepayment,peoplecanbuywhattheywant3．(simple)withataponthephoneindoorsHigh-speedtrainshaveshortened4．journeyfromBeijingtothecoastalcityTianjintohalfanhourAsforthebikes,theythemselvesarenotnewItistheoperatingmodelofbike-sharing5．(base)onthesatellitenavigation(导航)system,mobilepaymentaswellasbigdata6．hassurprisedtheworldSharedbicyclesarebringingcyclingback7．people’slivesandtheyaremakingpublictransportmore8．(attract)ItisincreasinglyclearthatChinaisnolonger9．(copy),western,ideasandisleadinginmanynewwaysAgrowingnumberofforeign10．(company)hopetopromotethedevelopmentintheirhomecountrybyhighlightingtheneedfortechnologicalachievementslikethatofChinaInthelonghistoryofChina,manythingsaremore1．(advance)thantherestoftheworldandliquor(酒)isoneofthemInChina,liquorbrewed(酿造)fromcerealgrainhasalwaysbeeninthedominantpositionandliquorbrewedfromfruitsaccounts2．asmallproportiononlyTherefore,toexploretheoriginofliquoris3．(main)toexploretheoriginofliquorbrewedfromcerealgrainThehistoryofliquor4．(date)backtotheShangguperiodInShijiYinbenji(HistoricalRecords),therewassomerecordaboutliquor:“KingZhoumadealiquorpooland5．(hang)meatlikeaforest,drinkingallnightlong”InShiJing(TheBookofSongs),thereweresomepoemsaboutliquor:“Octoberisthetime6．(harvest)thegraintomakeliquorandpeopleusetheliquortocelebratethelongevityof7．senior”ThoserecordsindicatedthatliquorhadahistoryofatleastfivethousandyearsAccordingtosomearchaeologicalevidence,therewerededicatedliquortoolsamongtheNeolithic(新石器时代)potteriesunearthedinmoderntimes,8．showedthatliquorbrewingwasratherpopularinprimitivesocietyAftertheXiaandShang9．(dynasty),thereweremoreandmoreliquor-drinkingvessels,10．(indicate)thatliquordrinkingwasprevalentatthattimeSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)HowtoApplyforaPrivateHighSchool(USA)Findoutwhatyourinterestsare.1、Doyouwantasmallschooloralargeschool?Doyouwanttoattendaco-educationalschooloraschoolwithonlypeopleofyourgender?Whereisyourprimarilystrength?Art?Findingoutwhatyourinterestsarewillhelpyoufindoutwhatschoolbestfitsyou.Researchschools.Youwillwanttoresearchmorethanoneschool.Findthebestones.2、Otherswilljustbeforexperimentingwiththeapplicationprocess(ie:theinterview).3、Youcanrankthemfromfirstthroughhowevermanyyouapplyto.Theonesclosertolastyoumayuseasyourtrialschoolssothatyoucanexperimentwiththeapplicationprocess(justdonottellthemthatyouarcdoingso).Requestandfilloutalloftheschools’applicationforms.4、Otherformsmustbefilledoutbyyourparents.Themainpurposeofthosetwoformsistogivetheschoolanideaofwhataccommodationstheymayhavetomaketofityourneeds,andwhetherornotyoucanthriveattheschool.Turnintheapplicationandtranscriptformsontime,ifnotearlier.Thisshowstheadmissionsofficeoftheschoolthatyouarereallyseriousaboutapplying,andthatyouarenotaprocrastinator（拖延者）.5、A．Someofthesewillbeplacementexamssothattheyschoolcanseewhatclasstheyshouldputyouin.B．Someofthesewillbesafetyschools,justincaseyoudon’tgetintotheonesyouwanttogetinto.C．Figureoutwhatyouwanttogetoutofaprivateschoolexperience.D．Scheduleyourinterviewsandtourdates.E.Rankyourschoolchoices.F.Applyforfinancialaidiftheschoolsofferit.G.Someoftheseformsmustbefilledoutbyyourteachers.根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两个为多余选项。Skin-to-skinEffortAimstoCutNewbornDeathsAsocialmediacampaignhasbeenlaunchedinChinatocutdownthenumberofnewbornsbabieswhodieinthefirst24hoursoflife.Thecampaign,calledFirstEmbrace(拥抱)，promotesskin-to-skincontactbetweenmotherandbabyimmediatelyafterbirth,apracticeproventokeepthebabywarmandhelpittofightinfections.Thereare16millionbabiesborninChinaeachyear,andapproximately150,000ofthemdiebeforetheyreachonemonthofage.1、ZhangShuyi,aresearcherattheCapitalInstituteofPediatricsinBeijing,saidtherewasstrongevidencefortheFirstEmbraceapproach.“Whenbabiesarecold,theyaremorelikelytocatchinfectionsorhavedifficultybreathing,”shesaid,”2、Itprovid