新概念英语第三册语法精粹：从句的使用

Word文档新概念英语第三册语法精粹：从句的使用新概念英语一共144课。整本书无论是语法还是词汇，题材还是语句，都有其出彩之处。今天我给大家带来新概念英语第三册语法精粹,希望可以帮助到大家，下面我就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

新概念英语第三册语法精粹：从句的使用

在英语中，从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)

一.定语从句

1.定语从句：由关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which;关系副词when,where,why引导。

(下面十个句子请读5遍并脱口译出!)

1.Thedeathnoticestellusaboutpeoplewhohavediedduringtheweek.

2.Theman(whom)youspoketojustnowismyfriend.

3.Thebuildingwhoselightsareonisbeautiful.

4.Pleasefindaplacewhichwecanhaveaprivatetalkin.

5.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.

6.Hestillremembersthedaywhenhewenttoschool.

7.Itisnoneedtellingusthereasonwhyyoudidntfinishitintime.

8.Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomdiedinthewar.

9.Mr.Smith,whosewifeisaclerk,teachesusEnglish.

10.IntheSundaypapertherearecomics,whichchildrenenjoy.

2.只能用that和who引导的定语从句

A.all,nothing,anything,afew,one做先行词指物时

B.先行词前有形容词级修饰时，后面常跟that而不是which.

C.先行词前有theonly,thefirst,thelast,thenext,thevery等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。

D.当先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody时，后面要用who或whom;

●Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪光的并非都是金子。

3.as引导定语从句

as引导的定语从句有两种形式：

A.引导限制性语从句。

在此类定语从句中，as常与主语中作为其先行词的such,thesame或as联用构成，“such...as”，“thesame...as”和“as...as”句型，可代替先行词。

例如：Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。

B.as引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与which相同，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。

(这是语法考试的一个考点。)

[注意区别]：

as引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。

例如：Asisreported,aforeigndelegationwillvisitthecity.

据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。

二.状语从句

超级作文联接词及词组，全部拿下!

①原因：because,since,nowthat(既然)as,for,thisreason

②结果：sothat,so,therefore,consequently,soasto,asaresult

③时间：after,before,when,while,as,until,assoonas,since,bythetime,once,lately,presently,shortlyafter,currently,atpresent,nowadays...

④条件：if,onlyif.,once,unless,intheevent(that),incase(that),providedthat,ontheconditionthat,etc.

⑤让步：though,although,eventhough(if),nomatterwhat/how/when→whatever/however/whenever

⑥目的：inorderthat,inorderto,to,

⑦比较：than,as...as,bycomparison(相比较)，bycontrast(相对照)

三.名词性从句

王牌要点：通常由that或疑问词导出。

1.Howsomemammalscametoliveintheseaisnotknow.(主语从句)

2.Theattorneytoldhisclientthattheyhadlittlechanceofwinningthecase.(宾语从句)

3.Theproblemiswhatwelldonext.(表语从句)

4.Wehavenoideathathehascomeback.(同位语从句)

同位语(Appositive):

同位语是英语语法的重点内容，也是各类考试中的一个考点，同时，在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。

《新概念英语》第三册第一课有这样一个句子：WhenreportscameintoLondonzoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.

(当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。)

在这里，awildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon就是同位语从句，它本来应该放在“reports”后面，这里却被放在了谓语成分cameintoLondonzoo的后面，目的是让句型显得更为稳重。

I.简单记忆：同位语从句，就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。

IwasgreatlyshockedwhenIheardthenewsthathisfatherdiedyesterday.

(that引导的句子解释了news的内容，注意：that不做任何成分)

Wehavetofacethefactthattheweatherisunexpectedlybad.

(that引导的句子解释了fact的内容)

II.联想记忆：

能接同位词从句的名词有：belief(信仰)，fact，idea，doubt，rumor(谣言)，evidence(证据)，conclusion(结论)，suggestion(建议)，problem，order，answer，discovery(发现)explanation(解释)，principle(原则)，possibility(可能性)，truth，promise(承诺)，report(报告)，statement(声明)，knowledge(知识)，opinion(观点)，likelihood(可能性)

[大声朗读三遍，背下即可。]

III.王牌要点：

●同位语一般由that引导，但也可以用关系代词which,who,what和关系副词when,where,why,how或whether引导。

Therearousethequestionwhetherwecouldwinthegame.

Ihavenoideahowtoexplainit.

●一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。(非常经典之功能句式，可用于四六级和托福作文，不妨一试!)：

ontheassumption(在……前提下)，

ontheground(由于……原因)，

ontheconditionthat(在……条件下)，

withtheexception(有……例外)

owingtothefact(由于……事实);

ontheunderstanding(基于……理解);

Theyoungladypromisedtomarrytheoldmanontheconditionthatheboughtheravilla.

那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头，条件是他给她买一幢别墅。

IV.分隔式同位语从句：

为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻，有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾，(读两遍此定义，然后看倒句：)

Anideacametohimthathemightwritetohertoaskmoreinformationaboutthematter.

IgotinformationfrommyfriendthattherewillbeamarvelousAmericanmovieTitanic.

V.同位语从句与定语从句之区别：

简单记忆：定语从句的引导词that或which在句子中用作主语或宾语，而同位语从句的引导词that只起连接主句和从句之作用，不用作任何成分。

示例：IvegotananswerthatAisright.(同位语从句，that不做成分)

Ivegotananswerthatsurprisedmealot.(定语从句，that做定语从句的主语)

VI.王牌重点：可以充当同位语的词组或短语：

1)名词短语。(使句型更为简洁)

BillClinton,thepresidentofAmerica,cametoChinatopayanofficialvisitin1998.

LuXun,oneofthegreatestessayistsinChina,playedanoverwhelminglyimportantroleinChineseliteraturehistory.

2)动名词词组亦可用作同位语：别忘了加逗号。(使句型更为流畅)

Imcrazyaboutthegame,playingbaseball.

Goingtoconcert,thatsoundsagreatidea.

3)不定式短语。(陌生只是掌握的开始)

Theproblemwhattodonextremainsunsolved.

Herclaimtohavefinishedhisworkisnothingbutawhitelie.

4)形容词词组。(有逗号隔开)

Alltheworkers,youngorold,shouldbetreatedequally.

Youngman,shortortall,shouldhavetherighttotaketheopportunity.

VII.同位语的引导词。(重要!这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分)

引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系：

1.namely,thatitis,thatistosay(也就是说),inotherwords(换句话说),or,forshort表示等同关系。

2.suchas,say,sotospeak(譬如说),including(包括),forinstance(或forexample(e.g./eg)，表示举例和列举关系。

3.especially,mostly,chiefly,orbetter,inparticular,particularly表示突出重点，(在高难度阅读中表示后面的部分为更重要或更突出的部分，是出题的关键点。)

测试精编：

I.选择正确选项：

1.________allbehaviorislearnedbehaviorisabasicassumptionofsocialscientists.

A.NearlyB.Thatnearly

C.ItisnearlyD.Whennearly

2.ThepeopleatthepartywereworriedaboutJanetbecausenoonewasaware________shehadgone.

A.wherethatB.ofwhere

C.oftheplacewhereD.theplace

3.—Susanhasntwrittenusforalongtime.—Whatdoyousuppose________toher?

A.thathappenedB.happened

C.tohappenD.havinghappened

4.—MayIhavetheloan?________youoffergoodsecurity.

A.ButB.UnlessC.ProvidedD.Butfor

5.Gorillasarequietanimals,________theyareabletomakeabouttwentydifferentsounds.

A.howB.inspiteofC.becauseofD.eventhough

6.ThelittleWhiteHouseinwarmspringswastheGeorgiahomeofPresidentFranklin-D.Roosevelt________thereonApril12,1945.

A.whodiedB.diedC.whilediedD.hedied

7.Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolicrepresentationof________reality.

A.whatitisconceivedB.thatisconceived

C.whatisconceivedtobeD.thatisbeingconceivedof

8.Seedsusuallygerminate________thetemperatureisfavorable.

A.ifB.whereasC.asaresultD.inconsequences

9.FrancisPrestonBlair.Jr,________borninKentucky,livedandpracticedinMissouri.

A.wasB.hewasC.althoughD.whohewas

10.________,worksongsoftenexhibitthesongcultureofapeopleinafundamentalform.

A.TheyoccurwheretheyareB.Occurringwhere

C.WheretheyoccurD.Wheredotheyoccur

新概念英语第三册语法精粹：虚拟语气

1.与现在事实相反的虚拟：

If+did/were+...,...would

should

could+do(动词原形)

might

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoabroadatonce.(Iamnotyou.)

Ifheknewitnow,hecouldhelpme.(Hedoesntknowitnow.)

2.与过去事实相反的虚拟：

If+haddone+...,...would(might)havedone...

IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavephonedyou.

(Ididntknowyourtelephonenumber.)

Ifyouhadcomeherealittleearlierjustnow,youmighthavemether.

(Youdidntcomehereearlier.)

3.与将来事实相反的虚拟：

(1)If+should+v.,...would+v.

(可能性很小)(译作“万一”)

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,youcouldstayathome.

IfIshouldfail,whatshouldIdo?

(2)If+did/wereto+v...,would+v.

(完全不可能)

Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,Iwouldlendyouthemoney.

Ifyoufinisheditin3minutes,Iwouldgiveyoumycar.

金牌特殊重点：

[简单联想记忆]：

●下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should+动词原形，shoud在美国英语中要省略(TOEFL语法考点)。此类常见的动词有：order,ask,decide,demand,require,recommend,suggest(建议)insist(坚决要求)，advise,etc.

例句：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)helpthemwithEnglish.

Theteacherorderedthatthehomework(should)befinishedwithinhalfanhour.

●下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省去)的虚拟。

suggestion,order,request,demand,importance,proposal.

Hemadeasuggestionthatwe(should)haveafancydressparty.

Ithinkitisathingofimportancethatit(should)bedonesoon.

●Itis/wasimportant/necessary/natural/essential/advisable/strange/surprising,ect.+that+主语+should+v.

Itisstrangethatyoushouldsaysuchathing.

Itwasimportantthatyoushouldtellmealltheinformation.

●wish后的宾语从句中，asif后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：

主+wish+(that)+主+did/were(指现在)

haddone(指过去)

would+v.(指将来)

IwishthatImetmyunclenow.

IwishIhadmetmyuncleyesterday.

IwishIcouldmeetmyuncletomorrow.

●Itis(high)timethat...+did/were...

Itistimethatyouwenttobed.

●wouldratherthat...+did/were...

Iwouldratherthatyouwerenotherenow.

●wouldsoonerthat...+did/were...

Iwouldsoonerthatyougotupearlier.

Iwouldsoonerthatyouwerenotmybrother.

测试精编：

I.选择正确选项：

1.I________hehadtaughtmetheword,buthedidnt.

A.believeB.hopeC.wishD.think

2.Themaninchargerecommendsthatthismatter________atthemeeting.A.wouldbediscussedB.willbediscussedC.bediscussedD.maybedis