酒精分类标准及用途

酒精分类、原则及用途Ethanolclassification,standardand酒精广泛应用于食品、化学、医药、染料等行业，酒精又是十分重要的清洁能源。普通，酒精按含杂质多少分为：无水酒精、食用酒精、工业酒精。Ethanolwidelyappliestomanyindustriessuchasfood,chemistry,medicine,dyeandetc.Ingeneral,ethanolisdividedtoanhydrousethanol,edibleethanolandindustrialethanolaccordingtoitsimpuritycontent.一、无水酒精Anhydrousethanol无水酒精产品质量执行中华人民共和国国标GB/T678-《化学试剂－无水乙醇原则》。TheproductquantityofanhydrousethanolexecutethestatecriteriaofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaGB/T678-<ChemicalReagent-anhydrousethanolstandard>名称Name优级纯Guaranteereagent分析纯Analyticallypure化学纯Chemicalpure乙醇的质量分数Massfractionofethanol（CH3CH2OH）/%≥99.8≥99.7≥99.5密度Density（20℃0.789~0.7910.789~0.7910.789~0.791与水混合实验Testmixwithwater合格Qualified合格Qualified合格Qualified蒸发残渣的质量分数Massfractionofevaporationresidue/%≤0.0005≤0.001≤0.001酸度(以H+计)Acidity(byH+)/(mmol/100g)≤0.02≤0.04≤0.1碱度(以OH-计)Alkalinity(byOH-)/(mmol/100g)≤0.005≤0.01≤0.03水分的质量分数Massfractionofwater/%≤0.2≤0.3≤0.5甲醇（CH3OH）的质量分数Massfractionofmethanol（CH3OH）/%≤0.02≤0.05≤0.2异丙醇[（CH3）2CHOH]的质量分数Massfractionofisopropanol[（CH3）2CHOH]/%≤0.003≤0.01≤0.05羰基化合物（以CO计）的质量分数Massfractionofcarbonylcompound(byCO)/%≤0.003≤0.003≤0.005易炭化物质Readilycarbonizablesubstance合格Qualified合格Qualified合格Qualified铁（Fe）的质量分数Massfractionofferrum(Fe)/%≤0.00001——锌（Ze）的质量分数Massfractionofzinc/%≤0.00001——还原高锰酸钾物质（以O计）的质量分数/%Massfractionofreducingpotassiumpermanganatesubstance(byO)/%≤0.00025≤0.00025≤0.0006用途：化学试剂、化学原料、防腐剂、消毒、燃料、有机溶剂等。Application:chemicalreagent,chemicalmaterial,preservative,disinfection,fuel,organicsolventandetc.

二、食用酒精Edibleethanol食用酒精产品质量执行中华人民共和国国标GB10343-合用于谷物、薯类、糖密为原料，经发酵、蒸馏而制成的含水酒精，为食品工业专用的食用酒精。TheproductquantityofedibleethanolexecutesthestatecriteriaofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaGB10343-,whichappliestotheaqueousethanolmakefromgrains,yamsormolassesasrawmaterialandthroughfermentationanddistillation.Itistheappropriativeedibleethanolforfoodindustry.食用酒精《GB10343-》原则Edibleethanol《GB10343-》Standard感官规定Senserequirements项目Item特级Extragrade优级Finegrade普级Commongrade气味Smell含有乙醇香，无异味Hasethanolaroma，noobjectionalodor无异臭noobjectionalodor口味taste纯净、微甜pure,subtlysweet纯正、微甜pure,subtlysweet较纯正Comparativepure理化规定Analyticalrequirements指标名称tem单位Unit(GB10343-)特级Extra优级Fine普级Common色度Chroma≤号No.101010酒精含量Ethanolcontent≥%(v/v)96.095.595.0硫酸实验Sulfuricacid≤号No.51060氧化时间Oxidationtime≥Min403020总醛(以乙醛计)Totalaldehyde（by≤acetaldehydemg/l1330甲醇Methanol≤mg/l250150正丙醇Normalpropylalcohol≤mg/l235100异丁醇+异戊醇Isobutanol+isoamylol≤mg/l1230总酸(以乙酸计)Totalacid(byaceticacid)≤mg/l71020总酯(以乙酸乙酯计)Totalester(byethylacetate)≤mg/l101825不挥发物Nonvolatilemater≤mg/l102025重金属(以Pb计)Heavymetal(byPb)≤mg/l1氰化物(以HCN计)Cyanide(byHCN)≤mg/l5*用途：白酒、饮料、乙酸乙酯、丁醇、丙酮、医药等。Application:distilledspirit,drink,ethylacetate,butanol,acetone,medicineandetc.

三、工业酒精工业酒精产品质量执行中华人民共和国国标GB/T394.1-94合用于谷物、薯类、糖密为原料，经发酵、蒸馏而制成的含水工业酒精。其杂质指标比食用酒精宽松。按其生产的酒精不得用于食品、饮料。TheproductquantityofindustrialethanolexecutesthestatecriteriaofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaGB/T394.1-94,whichappliestotheaqueousethanolmakefromgrains,yamsormolassesasrawmaterialandthroughfermentationanddistillation.Itsimpurityindicatoriseasierthanedibleethanol.Theethanolthatproducedfollowingthisstandardcannotbeusedforfoodanddrink.工业酒精《GB/T394.1-94》原则Industrialethanol《GB/T394.1-94》standard项目Item指标Index优等品High-classproduct一等品First-rateproduct合格品Qualifiedproduct粗酒精Crudeethanol外观Appearance无色透明液体Colorlessandclearliquid淡黄色液体Faintyellowliquid色度/号Chroma/No.≤10－气味Smell无异臭noobjectionalodor－乙醇Ethanol（20℃≥96.0≥95.5≥95.0≥95.0硫酸度验号SulfuricaciddegreesCheckNo./min≤10≤80≤－－氧化时间Oxidizationdegrees/min≥30≥15≥5－醛（以乙醛计）aldehyde（by≤acetaldehyde）/mg·L-1≤530≤－－杂醇油（以异丁醇+异戊醇计）Fusel（byIsobutanol+isoamylol）/mg·L-21≤10≤80≤－甲醇Methanol/mg·L-≤800≤1200≤－酸（以乙酸计）acid(byaceticacid)/mg·L-1≤10≤20－酯（以乙酸乙酯计）ester(byeth