GB 50071-2014 GB50071-2014小型水力发电站设计规范:英文

专用

人人文库

NATIONALSTANDARD

OFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA

DesignCodeforSmallHydropowerStations

GB50071-2014

ChifeDevelopmentDepartment:MinistryofWaterResourcesofthePeoplesRepublicofChina

ApprovalDeparment:MinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentofthePeoples

RepublicofChina

ImplementationDate:August1，2015专用

人人文库

ChinaPlanningPress

Beijing2018

ChineseeditionfirstpublishedinthePeoplesRepublicofChinain2015

EnglisheditionfirstpublishedinthePeoplesRepublicofChinain2018

byChinaPlanningPress

rd

3Floor，CTower，GuohongBuilding专用

No.A11，Muxidi-Beili，XichengDistrict

Beijing，100038

www.jhpress.com

PrintedinChinabyFactoryattachedtoBeijingInstituteofGraphicCommunication

©2015bytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentof

thePeoplesRepublicofChina

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformor

byanymeans，graphic，electronic，ormechanical，includingphotocopying，recording，

oranyinform人人文库ationstorageandretrievalsystems，withoutwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.

Thisbookissoldsubjecttotheconditionthatitshallnot，bywayoftradeorotherwise，belent，

re-sold，hiredoutorotherwisecirculatedwithoutthepublisherspriorconsentinanyformof

blindingorcoverotherthanthatinwhichthisispublishedandwithoutasimilarcondition

includingthisconditionbeingimposedonthesubsequentpurchaser.

ISBN978-7-5182-0813-5

中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部公告

第1128号

住房城乡建设部关于发布小型水力发电站

《

设计规范等两项国家标准英文版的公告

》

现批准小型水力发电站设计规范小型水电站运行维护技术规范

《》GB50071-2014、《》GB/T

两项工程建设国家标准英文版工程建设标准英文版与中文版出现异议时以中文版为

50964-2014。，

准

。

该两项工程建设标准英文版由中国工程建设标准化协会统一组织出版发行

。

中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部

专用2016年6月6日

人人文库

IntroductiontoEnglishVersion

DepartmentofInternationalCooperation，ScienceandTechnologyofMinistryofWaterResources，P.R.

ChinahasthemandateofmanagingtheformulationandrevisionofwatertechnologystandardsinChina.

TranslationofthecodefromChineseintoEnglishwasorganizedbyDepartmentofInternational

Cooperation，ScienceandTechnologyofMinistryofWaterResources，P.R.Chinainaccordancewithdue

proceduresandregulationsapplicableinthecountry.

DesignCodeforSmallHydropower

ThisEnglishversionofcodeisidenticaltoitsChineseoriginal

Station

（GB50071-2014），whichwasformulatedandrevisedundertheauspicesofDepartmentof

InternationalCooperation，ScienceandTechnologyofMinistryofWaterResources，P.R.China.

TranslationofthiscodeisundertakenbyChineseHydraulicEngineeringSociety.

TranslationtaskforceincludesHanYuhong，WuJian，LiYingdi，ChenYing，ZhengYu，LiuHairui，Sun

Mingxia，LiZhiping，WuXiuxia，YueLinlin，LiuYu，LuJianandYiYanlin.

ThiscodeisreviewedbyWangYicheng，ChengXiaotao，QiaoShishan，JinHai，LiuYongfeng，GuLiya，

ChengXialei.专用

DepartmentofInternationalCooperation，ScienceandTechnology

MinistryofWaterResources，P.R.China

人人文库

Foreword

Inaccordancewithprovisionsof2011DocumentforDevelopingandRevisingStandardsandCodeson

ProjectConstruction（JianBiao〔2011〕No.17）issuedbyMinistryofHousingandUrban-Rural

DesignCodeforSmallHydropowerStations

Development，thisCodeastherevisionofGB50071-2002，is

revisedbyWaterResourcesandHydropowerPlanningandDesignGeneralInstituteofMinistryofWater

ResourcesandSichuanInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerReconnaissanceandDesign，together

withotherconcernedorganizations.

ThisCodeiscomprisedof18chapters，mainlyincludinggeneralprovisions，hydrology，engineering

geologicalinvestigation，computationofwaterandhydropower，layoutofprojectandhydraulicstructures，

hydraulicmachinery，heatingandventilation，electricalsystem，hydromechanicalstructures，fireprotection，

constructionplanning，landrequisitionandresettlement，environmentalprotection，soilandwater

conservation，projectmanagement，energyconservation，laborsafetyandindustrialsanitation，costestimation

ofproject，andeconomicevaluation，etc.

Revisionsmadetothepreviouseditionmainlyinclude:

1.Theapplicationscopeofthecodeisrevisedtothedesignofhy专用dropowerstationswithinstalled

capacitiesof0.5-50MW.

2.Threechaptersareadded，i.e.soilandwaterconservation，energyconservation，andlaborsafetyand

industrialsanitation.

3.Designprovisionsarepartlyrevisedtomakeitmoreapplicabletothepresentsituation，following

advancementofChinaintechnologyanddesignofsmallhydropowerstationsinthelast10yearsand

satisfyingtherequirementsofcurrentnationalandindustrialpoliciesandregulations.

Thearticlesinboldfaceinthiscodearecompulsoryprovisionsandmustbeenforcedstrictly.

MinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentisinchargeofadministrationandinterpretationof

compulsoryprovisionsofthiscode；MinistryofWaterResourcesisinchargeofdailymanagementofthis

code；WaterResourcesandHydropowerPlanningandDesignGeneralInstituteofMinistryofWater

Resourcesisresponsibleforinterpretationoftechnicalprovisions.Thecodeusersarekindlyrequestedto

collectinformationfromyourprojectsintheapplicationofthiscodeforsharingyourexperiences.All

communicationsandrequestsforproposingrevisionoramendmentshouldbesenttotheWaterResourcesand

HydropowerPlanningandDesignGeneralInstituteofMWR（Address:No.2-1，Beixiaojie，Liupukang，

XichengDistrict，B人人文库eijing，PostCode:100120，FaxEmail:jsbz@giwp.org.cn）forour

referenceinfuturerevision.

ThiscodeismainlydraftedbyWaterResourcesandHydropowerPlanningandDesignGeneralInstitute

ofMinistryofWaterResources，andSichuanInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerReconnaissance

andDesign；assistedbyZhejiangDesignInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydroelectricPower，and

ChongqingSurveyingandDesignInstituteofWaterResources，ElectricPowerandArchitecture.

ChiefDraftingStaff

:

GaoXizhangLiChangyinLouShaochengLiXiaLiTao

LiZifanZengHuaijinWangXiaoyingHeDing’enLiWanjun

XiangChongpingYeJigangZhengChangyinHouChenggangTaoHong

·1·

YuZhiyouNieBiaoLvZhongmingZhangYongjinDiaoZhiming

FanWeiping.

ChiefReviewingStaff

:

SiZhimingYaoZhimaoZhangLeiWangYingYueMenghua

WangJunhaiLeiXingshunJuZhanbinSunShuangyuanLinDecai

TanZhiyongWuJieTangHongjieChengWaJiangFenghai

WangQingmingFeiYongfaYangLeiqiZhuWeizhiHanXiaojun

WuShuyanTangXinhuaJiGangWangChunmanPuJikan

LiuHongyuLuYipianYangQuanmingLiXiaWangShuisheng

ZhaoQixingLiaoWeiwei.

专用

人人文库

·2·

Contents

………………

1GeneralProvisions（1）

………………………

2Hydrology（2）

……………

2.1GeneralRequirements（2）

…………………………

2.2Runoff（2）

…………………………

2.3Flood（3）

……………………

2.4RatingCurve（4）

…………………

2.5Sediment，Evaporation，IceRegime（5）

……………

2.6AutomaticHydrologicalTelemetrySystem（5）

………………

3EngineeringGeologyInvestigation（6）

……………

3.1GeneralRequirements（6）

………………

3.2RegionalGeology（6）

…………………

3.3EngineeringGeologyofReservoirs（6）

…………

3.4EngineeringGeologyofHydraulicStructures（7）

………………………

3.5NaturalConstructionMaterial（9）

………………专用…………

4ComputationofwaterandHydropower（10）

……………

4.1GeneralRequirements（10）

…………………

4.2ComputationofRunoffRegulation（10）

……

4.3FloodRegulationandSelectionofCharacteristicFlood-ControlLevels（11）

………………

4.4SelectionofNormalWaterLevelandDeadWaterLevel（11）

…………

4.5SelectionofInstalledCapacityandTypeofHydropowerUnit（11）

…………

4.6SelectionofDimensionsofPowerWaterwayandVolumeofDailyRegulationPool（12）

………

4.7AnalysisofReservoirSedimentationandBackwaterComputation（12）

……………

4.8ReservoirOperationModeandOperationalCharacteristicsoverMultipleYears（13）

……………………

5LayoutofProjectandHydraulicStructures（14）

……………

5.1GeneralRequirements（14）

…………

5.2GeneralLayoutofProject（16）

…………

5.3WaterRetainingStructure（17）

…………

5.4WaterReleaseStructure（18）

………………………

5.5WaterConveya人人文库nceStructure（20）

………………………

5.6PowerhouseandSwitchyard（28）

…………

5.7StructuresforNavigation（29）

…………………

5.8SafetyMonitoringInstrumentation（30）

…………………

6HydraulicMachinery，HeatingandVentilation（32）

…………………

6.1SelectionofTurbineandGenerator（32）

………

6.2SpeedGoverningSystemandTransientAnalysis（33）

…………

6.3CoolingWaterSupplyandDrainageSystem（33）

……………

6.4CompressedAirSystem（34）

………………………

6.5OilSystem（35）

·1·

………………………

6.6HydraulicMonitoringSystem（35）

………………………

6.7Ventilation（35）

…………………

6.8OverheadCrane（36）

………………………

6.9ArrangementofEquipment（36）

………………

6.10RepairEquipment（37）

…………………

7ElectricalSystem（38）

…………………

7.1AccessintoGrid（38）

………………………

7.2MainElectricalConnection（38）

………………

7.3AuxiliaryPowerSupplyinPowerhouseandatDamSite（38）

………

7.4OverVoltageProtectionandGroundingDevice（39）

………………………

7.5Lighting（40）

………………

7.6ArrangementofElectricalEquipment（40）

……………………

7.7CableSelectionandInstallation（40）

………

7.8RelayProtectionandSafetyAutomaticDevice（40）

…………

7.9AutomaticControlSystem（41）

………

7.10ElectricalMeasurementandInstrumentDevice（42）

………………………

7.11PowerSourceforOperation（42）

…………

7.12VideoMonitoringSystem（42）

…………………

7.13Communication专用

（42）

…………………

7.14ElectricalRepairingandTesting（43）

……………………

8HydromechanicalStructures（44）

……………

8.1GeneralRequirements（44）

……………………

8.2SluiceGateandHoistingDevice（45）

……………

8.3Gates，TrashRackandHoistingDeviceforPowerWaterway（46）

……………………

9FireProtection（47）

…………

10ConstructionPlanning（49）

……………

10.1GeneralRequirements（49）

…………

10.2ConstructionDiversion（49）

……………

10.3SelectionofBorrowandQuarryAreas（50）

………………………

10.4ConstructionofMainWorks（51）

…………………

10.5AccessandOnsiteTransportation（51）

……………

10.6ConstructionFacilities（52）

……………………

10.7GeneralLayou人人文库tofConstruction（52）

…………………

10.8MasterScheduleofConstruction（53）

……………

11LandRequisitionandResettlement（54）

……………

11.1GeneralRequirements（54）

……………

11.2ScopeandStandardofLandRequisition（54）

…………………

11.3InventoryofPhysicalProperty（55）

………………………

11.4RuralResidentRelocation（55）

……………………

11.5MitigationofImpactsonTowns（56）

………………………

11.6HandlingofSpecificItems（56）

………………………

11.7CleaningofReservoirArea（56）

·2·

…………

11.8ImplementationPlanning（57）

…………………

11.9CompensationforLandRequisitionandResettlement（57）

………………………

12EnvironmentalProtection（58）

……………

12.1GeneralRequirements（58）

……………………

12.2EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentandProtection（58）

……………………

13SoilandwaterConservation（59）

……………

13.1GeneralRequirements（59）

………………………

13.2SoilandwaterConservation（59）

……………

14ProjectManagement（60）

……………

14.1GeneralRequirements（60）

……………………

14.2ProjectManagementScopeandProtectionScope（60）

……………

14.3OperationofProject（60）

……………

15EnergyConservation（61）

…………

16LaborSafetyandIndustrialSanitation（62）

………………………

17CostEstimationofProject（63）

……………

18EconomicEvaluation（64）

………………

ExplanationofWordinginThisCode（65）

……………

ListofQuotedStandards专用（66）

人人文库

·3·

1GeneralProvisions

1.0.1

ThisCodeisformulatedtosatisfytheneedsforconstructionanddevelopmentofsmallhydropower

stationsinChina，withthepurposeoffollowingtechnicaladvancementandsharingexperiencesin

constructionofhydropowerstations，soastostandardizetechnicalspecificationsandimprovequalityof

design.

1.0.2

ThisCodeisapplicabletodesigningofsmallhydropowerstations（hereinafterreferredtoas

“hydropowerstations”）withaninstalledcapacityof0.5-50MWthatarenewlybuilt，upgradedand

rehabilitated.

1.0.3

Designofhydropowerstationsshallbeinlinewithintegratedplanofriverbasinsorhydropowerplan

ofriverandriverreaches.

1.0.4

Designofhydropowerstationsshallbemadeincompliancewiththecountry’scurrenttechnicaland

economicpolicies；whileoverallconsiderationshallbegiventolocalconditionsofwaterresources，

hydropower，navigation，soilandwaterconservationandenvironmentalprotection，aswellaselectricity

market.Thedesignshalltakethelocalconditionsintofullconsiderationforrationalutilizationofwater

resources.专用

1.0.5

Investigation，researchandreconnaissanceshallbecarriedoutforthedesignofhydropowerstations，

inordertogatherbasicinformationanddatarelatedtohydrology，meteorology，geography，geology，

constructionmaterials，powergrid，landrequisition，residentresettlement，environmentalprotection，soiland

waterconservation，riverexploitationandwateruseofvariousindustries.

1.0.6

ProvisionsstipulatednotonlyinthisCodebutalsointheprevailingnationalstandardsshallbe

compliedwithinthedesignofhydropowerstations.

人人文库

·1·

2Hydrology

2.1GeneralRequirements

2.1.1

Inhydrologicalanalysisandcomputation，thefollowingdatashallbecollected:hydrologicaland

meteorologicaldataandnaturalgeographicalfeaturesofboththebasininquestionanditsneighboring

basins，informationabouttheimpactofhumanactivitiesonthebasininquestionsuchasdevelopmentof

waterandhydropowerprojectsandsoilandwaterconservation，dataofregionalhistoricalfloods，and

comprehensiveanalysisandresearchofregionalhydrologicalandmeteorologicalinformation，etc.

2.1.2

Thebasicdataonwhichhydrologicalcomputationismadeshallbeanalyzedforitsreliability，

consistencyandrepresentativeness.Parameters，analysisandcomputationresultsadoptedshallbeexamined

fortheirrationality.

2.2Runoff

2.2.1

Computationofrunoffshallprovideallorpartofthefollowinginformationatdamsite:

1

Annual，monthly，10-dayanddailyrunoffseries，andmeanannualrunoff.

2专用

Annualandperiodicrunofffrequency.

3

Intra-annualdistributionofrunoffintypicaldesignyear，anddurationcurveofmeandailyrunoff，

etc.

2.2.2

Designrunoffshallbecalculatedbythefollowingmethodsbasedonthedataavailable:

1

Iftheconsecutivedataofrunoffseries（includingextrapolation）isavailableformorethan30years

forthedamsite，thedesignannualandperiodicrunoffshallbecalculateddirectlybythemethodof

frequencycomputation.

2

Ifrunoffdatafordamsiteisavailableforlessthan30years，butthereismorethan30yearsof

runoffdata（includingextrapolation）fortheupper，lowerorneighboringbasins，thedesignrunoffofa

referencestationintheabove-mentionedbasinsmaybeappliedtothedamsiteafterbeingrevisedbasedon

thedifferencesatcatchmentarea，precipitationandunderlyingsurfacecondition.

3

Ifthereisnorunoffdatainthedesignriverbasinwhiletheprecipitationdataisavailable，therunoff

maybederivedbyanalyzingtherelationshipbetweentheprecipitationandrunoffatahydrometricalgauging

stationinasimilarriverbasinnearby.

4

Ifnoneof人人文库theabove-mentioneddataisavailable，theregionalcomprehensivemethodmaybeused

forthecomputationofdesignrunoff.

2.2.3

Iftherunoffisaffectedbyhumanactivitiesinthebasinupstreamofthecross-sectionofthedesign

runoff，theextentofimpactshallbeinvestigatedandanalyzed，andrestorationcomputationshallbedonefor

therunoffdata.Ifrestoredflowdataisinsufficient，thecomputationofdesignrunoffmaybedoneby

analyzingthedirectstatisticsofactuallymeasuredrunoffseriesthathavebeenimpactedbyhuman

activities，orbytherunoffcomputationmethodincaseofdatashortage.

Iftheactuallymeasuredrunoffdataisinsufficient，themethodsuchascorrelationanalysismaybeused

forrunoffseriesextrapolation.

Ifcorrelationanalysisisusedforrunoffseriesextrapolation，thecorrelationcoefficientshouldbelarger

·2·

than0.8.Theyearsforextrapolationseriesshouldnotexceedtheyearsofseriesusedinthecorrelation

analysis.

2.2.4

Thetimeperiodforrunoffcomputationmaybeselectedasannuallyorperiodically（fornon-flood

nmth

seasonordryseason）accordingtothedesignrequirements.Inconsecutiverunoffseries，theempirical

P

frequencyindescendingorder，i.e.m，shallbecalculatedbytheformulabelow:

m

P

m=n×100%（2.2.4）

（+1）

ThePearsonTypeⅢfrequencycurvemaybeadopted，andthestatisticalparametersmaybeestimated

initiallybyusingthemomentmethodandthenadjustedanddefinedbythecurvefittingmethod.

2.2.5

Iftherunoffcomputationismadebyusingregionalcomprehensivemethod，theregionalprecipitation

runoffapprovedbythecompetentauthorities，isolinemapofstatisticalparameterorempiricalformulafor

runoffcomputationshallbeused.

2.2.6

Withregardtotheselectedannualrunoffseries，theirrepresentativenessshallbeanalyzedby

comparingthestatisticalparametersoflongandshortseriesonthebasisofdatagatheredbyregional

hydrometricgaugingstationsandprecipitationgaugingstations.

2.2.7

Withregardtotheintra-annualdistributionofrunoffinthetypicaldesignyear，theactualyearwith

itsempiricalfrequencyofannualandperiodicrunoffsimilarwiththedesignfrequencymaybeselectedas

thetypicalyear，andthenamendedanddeterminedbyusingthedesignrunoff.

Iftheactualmeasurementdataislimited，theannualdistributionof专用runoffinthetypicaldesignyear

maybederivedbyavailableregionalintegratedchartsofrunoff.

2.2.8

Ifariverwherethehydropowerstationislocatedhasspecialhydrologicalandgeologicalconditions，

theirimpactonthedesignrunoffshallbeanalyzedandstudied.

2.2.9

Incalculationofmeandailydischargedurationcurve，thefollowingmethodsmaybeuseddepending

ondataavailable:

1

Statisticsbysortingthemeandailydischargesinthreetypicalyearswithhighflow，normalflowand

lowflow.

2

Adjustedmeandailydischargedurationcurveatareferencestationcalculatedbasedoncatchment

areaandprecipitationofthesiteofhydropowerstation.

2.2.10

Theresultofrunoffanalysisandcomputationshallbecomparedwiththecomputationresultsof

upstream，downstream，mainstreamandtributaries，andadjacentbasinssoastoanalyzeandcheckits

rationality.

人人文库2.3Flood

2.3.1

Allorpartsofthefollowingdesignfloodresultsatdam（plant）sitesshallbeprovidedasrequired

forthedesignofhydropowerstations:

1

Annualmaximumpeakdischargesofdesignfloodswithdifferentfrequenciesandtheirmaximum

volumesinaperiodoftime.

2

Seasonalmaximumfloodpeakdischargeandfloodvolumeinaperiodoftimebyeachdesignflood

frequency.

3

Annualandseasonaldesignfloodhydrographsbyeachdesignfloodfrequency.

2.3.2

Thecomputationmethodforadesignfloodshallbeproperlychosenbasedonthedataavailablein

theregionwherethehydropowerstationislocated.

·3·

Ifmorethan30yearsofactuallymeasuredandinterpolatedflooddataisavailableforthedam（plant）

siteorattheupstreamanddownstreamnearbylocations，thefrequencyanalysismethodshallbeemployedto

calculatethedesignflood.

Ifthereisnoflooddataforthehydropowerstationregion，butprecipitationdataisavailable，thedesign

floodmaybederivedfromthedesignrainstormbyanalyzingtherainstormfrequency.

2.3.3

Designfloodmaybederivedbasedoncomprehensiveanalysisoftheregionbyusingfloodand

rainstormdataactuallymeasuredorinvestigatedinthevicinityofthehydropowerstation，incasethatthe

actuallymeasuredfloodandrainstormdatafortheregionofthehydropowerstationislimited.Thedesign

floodmayalsobederivedfromthedesignrainstormbasedontheresearchresultsonrainstormandrunoff-

generation-and-concentrationareaswiththematchingRainstormRunoffCalculationChartsnationwideorin

provinces，autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentthathavebeen

approvedbythecompetentauthorities.

2.3.4

Whenderivingdesignfloodfromdesignrainstorm，designrainstormsofdifferentdurationsmaybe

calculatedbyusingthedesignspotrainstormandthespot-arearelationship.Thedesignspotrainstormmay

becalculatedfromtheapprovedisolinemapofrainstormstatisticparameters.Temporaldistributionofthe

designrainstormmaybeobtainedbyamplifyingdesignrainstormsindifferentdurationswithsamefrequency

basedontheregion’scomprehensiverainfallpatternoratypicalrainfallpattern.

Thedurationofdesignrainstormmaybe24hordefinedaccordingtot专用hebasinareaanddurationofflow

concentration.

Parametersofrunoff-generation-and-concentrationtoderivedesignfloodfromdesignrainstormmaybe

foundontheapprovedrainstormrunoffcalculationchart.

2.3.5

Parametersandcalculationresultsusedinthecomputationofdesignfloodshallbeanalyzedand

examinedinmultiplewaystodemonstraterationalityoftheresults.

2.3.6

Forhistoricalfloodstobeadoptedinthecomputationofdesignflood，thehistoricalflood

investigationresultsthathavebeenpromulgatedbytheauthoritiesofprovinces（autonomousregionsor

municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment）maybequoteddirectly.Ifactuallymeasureddataor

investigatedhistoricalflooddataisunavailablefortheriverwherethehydropowerstationislocated，

investigationsregardinghistoricalfloodsshallbecarriedoutatthedam（plant）siteoratitsupstreamand

downstreamreaches.

2.3.7

Inthecomputationofstagedesignflood，thestageshallbedefinedaccordingtodesignrequirements

oftheproject，andthestartingandendingdatesshallcomplywiththepatternofchangesinfloodseason.The

stageshouldnotbeshorterthanonemonth.Thestagedesignfloodmaybeusedatcross-stage.

2.3.8

Ifthereisa人人文库regulatingstoragereservoirupstreamofthehydropowerstation，theregionalcomposition

ofdesignfloodshallbestudied，andthedesignfloodatthedamsiteundertheimpactofthewaterstorage

andregulationoftheupstreamreservoirbederived.

2.4RatingCurve

2.4.1

Ifthereisahydrometricalgaugingstationinthevicinityofthedam（plant）sites，upstreamor

downstream，observationofwaterlevelandinvestigationoffloodandlowflowlevelsmaybecarriedoutatthe

dam（plant）site，theslopeofwatersurfaceintheriverreachbeanalyzed，andthestage-dischargerelation

ofthehydrometricalgaugingstationafterrectificationbeadoptedatthedesignsections.

2.4.2

Ifthereisnohydrometricalgaugingstationattheriverreachofdam（plant）site，theratingcurveat

·4·

designsectionshallbecalculatedbyusinghydraulicformulaaccordingtothelongitudinalprofileandcross-

sectiondiagramsoftheriverreachandbasedontheinvestigatedandestimatedwatersurfaceslopesofflood

andlowflow.

2.4.3

Fortheproposedratingcurve，itshallbeverifiedbyusingactuallymeasuredandinvestigatedwater

levelanddischargedata.

2.5Sediment，Evaporation，IceRegime

2.5.1

Allorpartofthefollowingsedimentinformationatthedam（plant）siteshallbeprovidedas

requiredbythedesignofahydropowerstation:

1

Meanannualsedimentdischargeofsuspendedload，andsedimentdischargesofsuspendedloadin

high-sedimentyear，median-sedimentyearandlow-sedimentyear，andtheirintra-annualdistributions.

2

Meanannualsedimentconcentrationofsuspendedloadandactuallymeasuredmaximumsediment

concentration.

3

Sedimentgradationofsuspendedload，medianparticlediameterandmaximumdiameterof

sediments.

4

Meanannualsedimentdischargeofbedload.

2.5.2

Computationofsedimentofsuspendedloadforthehydropowerstationmaybeconductedbyusing

thefollowingmethodsbasedonthedataavailable:

1

Ifsedimentmeasurementdataisavailablefortheupstreamanddo专用wnstreamofdamsiteortheriver

basin，thesedimentcharacteristicvaluesfromthebench-markstationmaybeusedaftermodificationofthe

area.

2

Ifsedimentmeasurementdataislimitedorunavailablefortheriverbasinwherethehydropower

stationislocated，thesedimentcharacteristicvaluesmaybeestimatedaccordingtosedimentmeasurement

datafromadjacentriverbasinsorregionalcomprehensivechartoferosionmodulus.

2.5.3

Themeanannualwatersurfaceevaporationanditsintra-annualdistributionofthehydropower

stationreservoirmaybecalculatedbasedondatafromtheevaporationstationintheriverbasinoradjacent

areas，orontheregionalcomprehensivechartofevaporation.

2.5.4

Fortheriverreachwithiceregime，informationtobeprovidedshallinclude:statusofriverreaches

duringfreezingandthawingperiods；earliestandlatestdatesofemergenceofborderice，driftice，freezing-up

andthawingofthewholeriver；thicknessoffrozenice，sizeofdriftice，anddate，placeandscaleof

occurrenceofanyicejamandicedam.

人人文库2.6AutomaticHydrologicalTelemetrySystem

2.6.1

Thenecessityforsettingupanautomatichydrologicaltelemetrysystemshallbeanalyzedand

demonstratedbasedonconditionsashydrologicalregimeintheriverbasinandscaleofthehydropower

station，etc.

2.6.2

Thedesignofautomatichydrologicaltelemetrysystemmainlyincludetelemetrystationandnetwork，

meansofcommunication，optionsofnetworkingandcostestimate，etc.

·5·

3EngineeringGeologyInvestigation

3.1GeneralRequirements

3.1.1

Engineering-geologicalinvestigationshallincludebasicgeologicalconditionsofprojectsiteand

predominantengineering-geologicalissues，hydro-geologicalconditionandassessmentofcorrosivenessof

environmentalwater，anddistribution，reserveandqualityofnaturalbuildingmaterials.

3.1.2

Inengineeringgeologicalinvestigation，thecurrentlyavailabletopographicalandgeologicaldata

shallbecollectedandused.Priorityshouldbegiventogeologicalsurvey，generalprospectingandsimple

onsitetestingastheinvestigationmethods；whiledetailedprospectingmaybeusedwhennecessary.To

enhancecomprehensiveanalysisofdata，intheengineeringgeologicalappraisal，themethodsofengineering

geologicalanalogyandempiricalanalysismaybeapplied.

3.2RegionalGeology

3.2.1

Availableregionalgeologicaldataofprojectsiteshallbestudiedtolocatethegeotectonicpositionof

projectsiteandanalyzetheimpactsofmainstructureoftheregionandh专用istoricalseismicactivitiesonthe

projectsite.

3.2.2

Thedynamicseismicparameterandbasicseismicintensityintheprojectsiteshallbedefinedin

SeismicGroundMotionParametersZonationMapof

accordancewiththeprevailingnationalstandardof

China

GB18306.

3.3EngineeringGeologyofReservoirs

3.3.1

Theinvestigationofreservoirseepageshallinclude:

1

Existenceofthindrainagedividesandlowadjacentvalleysaroundthereservoir，permeablebed，

fracturedfaultzone，orancientrivercoursethatleadoutwardsfromreservoir；andassessmentofprobability

andextentofseepage.

2

Patternofkarstdevelopmentinsolublerockzonesofreservoir，distributionelevationofspringsand

groundwaterwatersheds，distributionandsealingconditionofrelativeconfiningbeds，replenishmentand

dischargerelationshipbetweengroundwaterandriver，andassessmentofprobabilityofseepage，seepage

routes，seepagefeatures（conduits，solutioncracks）andtheirimpactonreservoirconstruction.

3.3.2

Theinvesti人人文库gationofreservoirbankstabilityshallinclude:

1

Featuresandstructuralcompositionofrock（soil）massonbankslopes，distributionofsoftsoil

strata，incisionconditionoffaulttectonics，andattitude，extensionandcombinationrelationshipofvarious

controllingstructuralplanesthatareunfavorableforbankslopestability.

2

Weatheringofrocks，unloadingstatusanddeformationfeaturesofreservoirrockslopes，and

identificationofthetype，nature，scopeandformationconditionsofanydeformation.

3

Distribution，scaleandstabilityoflandslides，slidemassanddangerousrocksatnear-damreservoir

slopes，andassessmentofimpactofdebrisflowinthevicinityofdam.

4

Distributionelevationandstableslopeangleofvarioussoilstrataattheareaswithpotentialofbank

caving，stableslopeangleofwavezone，andpredictionofscopeofbankcaving.

·6·

3.3.3

Theimmersionsurveyshallinclude:

1

Structure，thicknessandcompositionofsoilstrataatpotentiallyimmersedarea，andtheburieddepth

ofunderlyingbedrockoroppositeconfiningbeds.

2

Permeabilityofsoilstratum，buryofgroundwatertable，replenishmentanddischargeconditionsof

groundwater，risingheightofcapillarywaterinsoilstratum，criticaldepthofgroundwaterthatcauses

immersion，predictionofthescopeofpotentialimmersionandanalysisofthecausesofpotentialswamping

andsalinization.

3.3.4

Reservoirconstructionconditionsandenvironmentalandgeologicalissuesthatmaypossiblyoccur

afterimpoundmentshallbeassessedbyinvestigation，andsuggestionsontreatmentmeasuresshallbe

proposedforunfavorablegeologicalissues.

3.4EngineeringGeologyofHydraulicStructures

3.4.1

Theinvestigationintothesiteofanearth-rockdamshallinclude:

1

Stratigraphictexture，layeringthickness，distributionfeaturesofriverbedoverburdenandterrace

deposit，distributionofsludge，finesandlayer，collapsibleloess，suspendedandsolitaryboulderlayersinboth

thepresentandtheancientriverbeds，andassessmentofthebearingcapacity，deformation，shearingstrength，

seismicliquefactionofsoillayerandotherdambuildingconditions.

2

Proposalofpermeabilitycoefficientofrock（orsoil）mass，专用allowablepermeabilitygradient，

physical-mechanicalparameters，andadvicesontreatmentofunfavorablegeologicalissues.

3

Distribution，width，fillingconditionofanyfracturedfaultzoneandzoneswithconcentrationfissures

locatedatanti-seepagestructures，andassessmentoftheirseepagestability.

4

Weathering，unloadingthicknessandpropertiesofrockmassatdamfoundation（abutment）.

5

Distributionelevationofrelativeconfiningbedsatdamfoundation（orabutment）andburieddepth

ofgroundwateronbothbanks，andproposalregardinganti-seepagescopeanddepthofdamfoundation（or

abutment）.

3.4.2

Theinvestigationintothesiteofaconcretedamshallinclude:

1

Topographyandlandformofthedamsite，thicknessandpermeabilityfeatureofoverburden，scope

anddepthofriverbedchannel.

2

Lithologiccharacteristicsandphysical-mechanicalpropertiesofdamfoundation（abutment）；

distributionandpropertiesofweakintercalations.

3

Weatheringandunloadingcharacteristicsofrockmassatdamfoundation（abutment）；positionsof

fracturedfaultzone，fissure-concentratedzone，faultalongtheriverandlow-dipstructureplane，and

propertiesandexten人人文库sionstatusoffillingmaterials.Categorizationofqualityofrockmassondamfoundation，

identificationofpositionofusablerocksurfaceandproposalforphysical-mechanicalparametersofrock

（soil）mass.

4

Distribution，scale，fillingconditionandconnectivityofKarstcaveandpassagesinthedam

foundation（abutment）ofsolublerockdamsite；distributionandflowofKarsticsprings，andthe

characteristicsofreplenishment，runoffanddischarge.

5

Hydrologicalandgeologicalconditionsofdamsite，permeabilityandzoningofrockmassindam

foundation（abutment）andtheburieddepthofanyrelativelyimperviouslayer，andtoproposetheanti-

seepagescopeanddepthforthedamfoundation（abutment）.

6

Assessmentofanti-slidestability，deformationandseepagestabilityofthedamfoundation

·7·

（abutment），andproposaloftreatmentmeasuresforunfavorableengineeringgeologicalissues.

7

Investigationintothesiteofaconcretedam（gate）tobebuiltonoverburdenmayrefertothe

relevantrequirementsforthesiteofanearth-rockfilldam.

3.4.3

Theinvestigationintowaterreleasestructuresshallinclude:

1

Topographyandlandform，stratigraphiclithology，geologicalstructure，weatheringandunloading

characteristicsofrockmass，groundwatertable，andphysical-mechanicalpropertiesofrock（orsoil）mass.

2

Stabilityofslopesonbothbanksandanti-scourcharacteristicsofrockmassinscouringarea.

3

Suggestionsonphysical-mechanicalparametersofrock（orsoil）massandtreatmentmeasures.

3.4.4

Theinvestigationintoundergroundstructuresincludingtunnels，undergroundpowerhouse，surge

chamberandembeddedpipesshallinclude:

1

Topographyandlandform，stratigraphiclithology，geologicalstructure，groundwatertable，thickness

ofoverlayingrockmass，thicknessofweatheringandunloadingzonesofrockmassatintakeandoutlet，

propertiesandextensionlengthofstructuralplaneofmajorfaultsandweaklayersandtheircombination

relationshipwithaxesoftunnelsorchambers.Categorizationofthesurroundingrocksbytheirengineering

geologicalpropertiesandproposalforphysical-mechanicalparametersofrock（orsoil）mass.

2

Assessmentoftunnelingconditionandstabilityofslopesatintakeandoutlet；investigationofdanger

ofpoisonousandexplosivegasesatanytunnelsectionsthatpassthroughcoal-bearingstrata；assessmentof

stabilityofsurroundingrocksingoafchambersandrockburstindeeptun专用nels；andanalysisandassessment

oftheimpactofkarstcavesandundergroundriversystemsinsolublerockareaonthetunnelingcondition.

3

Assessmentofthestabilityofrockmassatcaveroof，highsidewallandconjunctionsectionswith

considerationofcrustalstressforundergroundpowerhouseandsurgechamber，andproposaloftreatment

measuresandsuggestions.

4

Identificationoftherelationshipbetweendipangle，inclinationofrockstratawithdipangleofpipes

thatareembeddedinstratifiedstrata，andassessmentofstabilityconditionsofrockmass.

3.4.5

Theinvestigationintochannelsshallinclude:

1

Topographyandlandform，stratigraphiclithology，geologicalstructure，anddistributionoflandslide

anddebrisflow.

2

Segmentationofchannelsintoengineeringgeologicalsectionsaccordingtoslopeheight，properties

ofrock（orsoil）massandstrataattitude，andassessmentofchannelseepageandstabilityofchannel

foundationandslopes.

3

Proposalofcorrespondingphysical-mechanicalparametersofrock（orsoil）massandsuggested

valueofstableslope，andadvicesontreatmentmeasures.

3.4.6

Theinvesti人人文库gationintopenstocksandforebayshallinclude:

1

Topographyandlandform，thicknessofoverburden，slopeofbedrocksurface，geologicalstructure，

stabilityconditionsofmountain，physical-mechanicalpropertiesofrock（orsoil）massatforebayand

anchorageblockfoundation.

2

Assessmentofstabilityofslopesalongthepenstockandtheforebay，bearingcapacityoffoundation

anddifferentialdeformation，andproposalofphysical-mechanicalparametersofrock（orsoil）mass.

3.4.7

Theinvestigationintothesitesofmainandauxiliarypowerhousesshallinclude:

1

Topographyandlandform，characteristicsofrock（orsoil）mass，bearingcapacity，deformation

properties，permeabilityandslopestability.

2

Identificationof-distributionandpropertiesofweatheringzone，unloadingzoneandweak

·8·

intercalationofrockmassforstructuresonrockfoundation，andproposalofthephysical-mechanical

parametersofrockmass.

3

Identificationofthickness，properties，stratifiedcharacteristicsandpermeabilityofoverburden，the

buryofgroundwater，anddistribution，propertiesandseismicliquefactionconditionofanymudandfinesand

layerforstructuresonsoftfoundation，andassessmentofdeformationandpermeabilitystability；andproposal

ofvariousphysical-mechanicalparametersandsuggestionsontreatmentmeasures.

3.5NaturalConstructionMaterial

3.5.1

Fornaturalbuildingmaterials，aninitialinvestigationordetailedinvestigationshallbecarriedoutas

requiredatdifferentdesignstages.

3.5.2

Ifnaturalaggregateisinsufficientoritsexcavationisnotcost-effective，thesourcesofartificial

aggregateshallbeinvestigatedandtheirreserves，quality，conditionsforexcavationandtransportationshall

beassessed.

专用

人人文库

·9·

4ComputationofWaterandHydropower

4.1GeneralRequirements

4.1.1

Theprincipleofintegratedwaterresourcesmanagementshallbeinsistedinthedesignofhydropower

energy，underwhichappropriateconsiderationsshallbepaidtothecorrelationsbetweendemandand

potential，shorttermandlongtermperspectives，upstreamanddownstreaminterests，waterresources

developmentandeco-environmentprotection，landrequisitionandresettlement，withtheaimofexploiting

waterresourcesinaneconomicandrationalway.

4.1.2

Thedesignofhydropowerenergyshallbemadebasedonintegratedplanningofriverbasinorthe

overallplanningandelectricpowerplanningoftheriver（orriversection）.Themaincontentsofdesign

shallcover:determinationofthedevelopmenttaskandpowersupplyscopeofthehydropowerstation

accordingtotherequirementsofvariousauthoritiesformultiplepurposes，selectionofdesigndependability

anddesignlevelyear，determinationofscaleandcharacteristicvaluesofthehydropowerstation，studyof

operationmodesofreservoirandhydropowerstation，andclarificationofprojectbenefits.

4.1.3

Thedesignofhydropowerenergyshallbemadebasedoncollect专用ionandanalysisofbasicdataof

localsocio-economicandnaturalconditions，electricpowersystemandeco-environmentprotection，andon

therequirementsformulti-purposeutilization.

4.2ComputationofRunoffRegulation

4.2.1

Inthecomputationofrunoffregulation，thedatathatshallbegatheredincludelong-seriesmonthly

（10-day）runoffanddailyrunoffintypicalyears，ratingcurvedownstreamofthehydropowerstation，

evaporationatthereservoirsurfaceandseepageinthereservoir，reservoirstage-capacity-areacurve，water

demandofauthoritiesformultiplepurposes，andtherequirementforecologicalwaterconsumption，etc.

4.2.2

Inthecomputationofrunoffregulation，waterbalanceshallbemadeaccordingtoregulating

capabilityofthehydropowerstationandwaterdemandsofvariousauthorities，tocalculatefirmpowerofthe

hydropowerstation，meanannualelectricityproductionandtypicalwaterheads，andthentoclarifyoperation

characteristicsandbenefitsofthehydropowerstation.

4.2.3

Thedesignreliabilityofahydropowerstationmaybeselectedwithin80%-90%accordingtothe

proportionofcapacitiesofthehydropowerstationintheelectricpowersystem，theregulatingperformance

andtheinstalledca人人文库pacityofthehydropowerstation，etc.

4.2.4

Thechronologicalseriesmethodshallbeappliedinthecomputationofrunoffregulation.Formulti-

yearregulatingreservoirandannualregulatingreservoir，longseries（notlessthan30years）shallbe

adoptedforcomputationbasedonmeanmonthly（10-day）discharge；fornon-regulatingordailyregulating

hydropowerstations，thecomputationmaybemadebyadoptingthemeandailydischargeinlongseriesorthe

meandailydischargeinatypicalyearaccordingtodataavailability.Threerepresentativeyearswithhigh

flow，normalflowandlowflowmaybeselectedasthetypicalyear.Tworepresentativeyearswithmoderately-

higherormoderately-lowerthannormalyearsmayalsobeadded.

4.2.5

If，upstreamordownstreamofthehydropowerstationindesign，waterandhydropowerprojectshave

beenbuiltorareplannedtobebuiltinthedesignlevelyear，thecomputationofrunoffregulationshallbe

·10·

madeforcascadehydropowerstations.

4.2.6

Thefirmoutputshallbedefinedbasedonthecurveofoutputreliabilityplottedfromtherunoff

regulationcomputation，andthendeterminedbytheselecteddesignreliability.

4.2.7

Thelong-seriesannualelectricityproductionortheaveragevalueinatypicalyearmaybeadopted

asthemeanannualelectricityproductionofthehydropowerstation.

4.3FloodRegulationandSelectionofCharacteristicFlood-ControlLevels

4.3.1

Inthecomputationoffloodregulation，techno-economiccomparisonshallbemadeforthescaleof

dedicateddischargestructuresandlimitwaterlevelduringfloodseasonaccordingtothefloodcontrol

standardofprojectanddownstreamfloodcontrolrequirements，soastodeterminethefloodseasonlimit

level，thedesignfloodlevelandthecheckfloodlevel.

4.3.2

Thefloodcontrollevelshallbedetermined，undertheprincipleofintegratingfloodcontrolwith

beneficialuses，throughacomprehensiveanalysisoftheimpactofdifferentfloodcontrollevelsonmajor

beneficialgoals，downstreamfloodcontrol，sedimentation，reservoirinundationandprojectinvestment，etc.

4.3.3

Forcascadereservoirs，thefloodcontrolstandard，floodcontrolassignmentandfloodregulation

principleofeachreservoirinthecascadeshallbeanalyzedsothatthefloodcontroloperationmodeofthe

designedhydropowerstationiscoordinatedwiththatofotherreservoirsinthecascade.

4.4SelectionofNormalWaterLevelandDeadW专用aterLevel

4.4.1

Fortheselectionofnormalstoragelevel，severaloptionsshallbeformulatedaccordingtotheriver

cascadedevelopmentprogram，requirementsformultipurposeutilization，constructionconditionsofproject，

sedimentation，reservoirinundation，andeco-environment，andthenfinalizedthroughtechno-economic

demonstrationandcomprehensiveanalysis.

4.4.2

Selectionofdeadwaterlevelshallbefinalizedaftercomprehensiveanalysisofrequirementsof

variousauthoritiesforwaterlevel，reservoirsedimentationandoperatingconditionsofhydraulicturbines，etc.

4.5SelectionofInstalledCapacityandTypeofHydropowerUnit

4.5.1

Installedcapacityshallbeselectedonthebasisofanalysisofregulatingperformanceofthe

reservoir，requirementsformultipurposeutilization，systemloadinginthesystemdesignlevelyearandits

characteristics，scopeofpowersupplyandstructureofpowersources，andthenfinalizedbycalculating

annualelectricityproduction，powergenerationbenefitandrelatedcostsofeachinstalledcapacityscheme，

combiningwithacomprehensivecomparisonofelectricpowerandenergyoutputequilibrium.

4.5.2

Thedesign人人文库levelyearmaybedeterminedwithreferencetothenationaleconomicplanningofthe

system，scaleofthehydropowerstationanditsweightinthesystem.Forthekeyhydropowerstationinthe

system，aperiodof5-10yearsafterthefirstunitisputintooperationmaybeadoptedasthedesignlevelyear

ofthehydropowerstation.

4.5.3

Thepowersupplyscopeofahydropowerstationshouldbedeterminedbyanalyzingthedevelopment

planningoflocalelectricpowersystem，scaleofthehydropowerstationanditsfunctioninthesystem.

4.5.4

Forareservoirmainlyoperatedforirrigationandwatersupply，whendefiningtheinstalledcapacity

ofthehydropowerstation，variousalternativesofinstalledcapacitiesshallbeformulatedonthebasisof

dischargedurationofirrigationandwatersupply，andthenfinalizedaftertechno-economiccomparison.

4.5.5

Fortheselectionofinstalledcapacity，theflowratetobeabstractedbythehydropowerstationshall

·11·

becoordinatedwiththeupstreamanddownstreamstationsinthecascade.

4.5.6

Theratedheadofhydraulicturbinesshallbedeterminedaccordingtothevaryingcharacteristicsof

waterheadandtheweightedaveragewaterheadofthehydropowerstation.Forhigh-water-headdiversion-

typehydropowerstations，theminimumheadmaybeappliedastheratedhead；forothertypesofhydropower

stations，theratedheadmaybeselectedbetween0.85and0.95basedontheratioofratedheadtoweighted

averagewaterhead，andtheratedheadshouldnotbehigherthantheweightedaveragewaterheadinflood

season.

4.5.7

Fortheselectionoftypeandnumberofunitsforhydraulicturbines，severaloptionsshallbe

formulatedtocalculatethebenefitsandcostsaccordingtothehydropowerstationoutput，varying

characteristicsofwaterhead，layoutofthehydropowerstationcomplex，equipmentmanufacturingcapability，

andoperationalrequirementoftheelectricpowersystem，andthenfinalizedaftercomprehensiveanalysisand

comparison.Thenumberofunitsshouldnotbelessthantwotoensuresafetyandflexibilityofthepower

systemoperation.

4.5.8

Aftertheinstalledcapacityofahydropowerstationisselected，theeffectiveenergyoutputshallbe

calculatedandanalyzed，takingintoconsiderationthebalanceofelectricpowerandenergyoutputofthe

system.Forhydropowerstationsforwhichthebalanceofelectricpowerandenergyoutputisnotconsidered，

theeffectiveenergyoutputmaybederivedfromthecoefficientofeffectiveenergyoutput.

4.6SelectionofDimensionsofPowerWaterwayandVolume专用ofDailyRegulationPool

4.6.1

Fordiversiontypehydropowerstations，thedimensionsofheadraceandthevolumeofdaily

regulationpoolshallbeselectedbasedonanalysisandcomparisonoflandform，geology，ice，sedimentation，

installedcapacityofthehydropowerstationanddailyoperationmode，etc.

4.6.2

Thedimensionsofheadraceshallbeselectedthroughcomparisonofvariousschemesbycalculating

thebenefitandcostsofenergyoutputineachscheme.

4.6.3

Thevolumeofdailyregulationpoolmaybeselectedaccordingtothestoragecapacityrequiredfor

dailyloadoperationafterbeingregulatedunderthedesignreliability.Thesafetyfactormaybe1.1-1.2.

4.6.4

Iftherearenorestrictionsbyotherauthoritiesinchargeofcomprehensiveutilizations，thevolumeof

dailyregulationpoolsofcascadehydropowerstationsshouldbedeterminedbysimulatingthesynchronous

operationofthecascadehydropowerstations.

4.7AnalysisofReservoirSedimentationandBackwaterComputation

4.7.1

Iftheratioofstoragecapacitytoannualsedimentvolumeflowingintothereservoir（hereinafter

referredtoas“ratio人人文库ofstoragetosediment”）islessthan30，thesedimentationbecomesamajorissueforthe

project；therefore，areservoirsedimentregulatingmodethataimstoreleasesedimentandreduce

sedimentationshallbeformulatedaccordingtothecharacteristicsofflowandsediment，reservoir

configuration，scaleofreleasingflow，andtheimpactofsedimentationonreservoirinundationandeco-

environment，etc.Iftheratioofstoragetosedimentislargerthan30，thesedimentationissueisless

significant；then，iftherearenoimportantandsensitiveinundatedobjectsorotherfacilitiesinthereservoir，

itisnotobligatorytoconsidertheimpactofsedimentation，nortostudythereservoirsedimentregulating

mode.

4.7.2

Forsediment-ladenriverswithrelativelylargenaturalsedimentconcentration，i.e.themeanannual

3

sedimentconcentrationislargerthan1.0kg/m，theanalysisandcomputationofreservoirsettlingsediment

·12·

shouldbecarriedoutsoastoproposethesedimentpreventionmeasuresforthediversionoftheproject.

4.7.3

Forhigh-water-headhydropowerstations，theallowableconcentrationofsedimentthatpasses

throughtheturbinesshallbeproposed.

4.7.4

Inthecomputationofsedimentscouringandsiltingofthereservoir，variousmethodsmaybeadopted

basedontheflowandsedimentcharacteristics，thereservoirsedimentregulatingmode，andhydrologicaldata

availability，etc.Ifthereislessdataavailable，theanalogousorempiricalmethodmaybeapplied.Ifmore

dataareavailable，themathematicalmodelingmaybeusedforcalculation，whilethemajorparametersshall

becalibratedbyactuallymeasuredfigures，tofindoutthelocationsandvolumesofsedimentation，andits

impactonregulatedstoragecapacity，etc.

4.7.5

Inthecomputationofreservoirbackwater，thenaturalwatersurfaceprofilebeforeconstructionofthe

reservoirandthewatersurfaceprofileofbackwaterinreservoirwithinthepredicteddurationof

sedimentationuponcompletionofthereservoirshallbederivedfromthedesigndischargeaccordingtothe

rivercourseconditions，characteristicsandoperationmodeofreservoir.

4.8ReservoirOperationModeandOperationalCharacteristicsoverMultipleYears

4.8.1

Thereservoiroperationmodeshallbeproposedbasedonthedefinedparameterswithconsideration

ofmulti-purposerequirementsandthesituationofexistingcascadereservoirs.

4.8.2

Theoperatingcharacteristicsoveryearsshallbeproposedaccordingtotheoperationmodeof

reservoir.专用

人人文库

·13·

5LayoutofProjectandHydraulicStructures

5.1GeneralRequirements

5.1.1

Thescalesofprojectsandthegradesofstructuresshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1

ScalesofhydropowerstationsshallbeclassifiedasScaleIVandScaleVdependingontheirsizes.

TheclassificationshallbedefinedaccordingtotheprovisionsasshowninTable5.1.1-1.

Table5.1.1-1ScalesofHydropowerStations

TotalStorageFarmlandProtected

ProjectInstalledIrrigationArea

ProjectSizeCapacityof4fromFlood

ScaleCapacity（MW）43（10mu）4

Reservoir（10m）（10mu）

IVSmall-size（1）50-101000-1005-0.530-5

VSmall-size（2）＜10100-10＜0.5＜5

Notes:1Totalstoragecapacityofreservoirreferstothestaticstoragevolumebelowthemaximumstageofreservoir.

2Foramulti-purposewaterandhydropowerproject，ifdifferentscalesaregivenforitsdifferentpurposes，thehighestoneshallbetaken

asthescaleoftheproject.

2

31mu=666.7m.

2专用

Thegradesofhydraulicstructuresshallbedefinedaccordingtothescalesofprojectsasshownin

Table5.1.1-2.

Table5.1.1-2GradesofHydraulicStructures

GradeofPermanentHydraulicStructures

ProjectScale

MainStructureSecondaryStructure

IV45

V55

3

IfthedamheightsexceedthoseasstatedinTable5.1.1-3，theirgradesmayberaisedbyone

grade，butthestandardsforfloodcontrolmaykeepunchanged.

Table5.1.1-3IndicesforRaisingGradeofReservoirDams

OriginalGradeofDam45

Earth-rockDam5030

HeightofDam（m）ConcreteDam，

7040

人人文库StoneMasonryDam

Notes:1Ifhydraulicstructuresarebuiltundercomplicatedengineeringgeologicalconditions，ornewdamtypeandnewstructuresareadopted，

thedamgrademayberaisedbyonegrade，butthestandardsforfloodcontrolarekeptunchanged.

3

2Ifthetotalstoragecapacityofreservoirislargerthanorequalto10millionm，theearth-rockdamishigherthan50m，theconcretedam

andthestonemasonrydamarehigherthan70m，orthegradeofstructureishigherthanGrade4forsomereasons，thedesignoftheir

waterretainingandreleasingstructuresshallbeincompliancewiththeprovisionsofcurrentrelevantnationalstandardsaswell.

5.1.2

Thefloodcontrolstandardforhydraulicstructuresshallbeincompliancewiththefollowing

requirements:

1

Thefloodcontrolstandardsforhydraulicstructuresofreservoirprojectsshallbedetermined

accordingtothespecificationsinTable5.1.2.

·41·

Table5.1.2FloodControlStandardsforHydraulicStructuresofReservoirProjects

Floodcontrolstandards（recurrenceinterval［year］）

MountainousorhillyareasPlainandcoastalregion

Gradeof

Check

Hydraulic

Concretedam，stone

StructureDesign