并列句和状语从句(定稿)

并列句和状语从句并列句一、并列连词①Atschool,somestudentsareactivewhilesomeareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.(2012·四川高考)在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。②IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,butIdidn’twanttospendalldaywithher.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)很高兴又见到Jenny了，但是我不想花一整天的时间和她在一起。③Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.昨晚一定下雨了，因为到处都这么湿。④Yesterday,Iforgottopickmysonup,sohewaitedinthekindergartenfornearlytwohours.(2014·黄冈中学高三模拟)昨天，我忘记了去接儿子，结果他在幼儿园里等了接近两个小时。⑤Wouldyouliketoleaveorwouldyouliketostay?你是想走还是想留？eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。2．表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but,yet(然而),whereas(然而，但是),while(然而)等。3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for,so等。4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or,either...or...,not...but,neither...nor...等。二、祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式①Workhardandyouwillsucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.努力学习，你就会成功。②Hurryuporwewillbelate.＝Ifyoudon’thurryup,wewillbelate.快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。③Afewmoreeffortsandyouwillsucceed.＝Ifyoumakeafewmoreefforts,youwillsucceed.再努力些，你会成功的。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句。2．祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句。eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(,,,,))祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式1．_________________andyou'llfindthepurpleoneissofter.(compare)比较这两把牙刷，你就会发现紫色的那把要柔和一些。2．(2014·武昌调研)Don'tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,_____________________.(have)在你关闭所有的程序之前不要关掉电脑，否则可能会出现问题。状语从句一、时间状语从句1．when,while,as①NancyenjoyedherselfsomuchwhenshevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.南希去年去悉尼看望她的朋友时玩得很开心。②Iwantthegirlstoexperiencethatwhiletheyareyoung.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。③Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。④When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……，(一边……)”或“随着……”。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when,while与as可互换使用。2．when的特殊用法①Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowwhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。②OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawaywhenmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.(2011·浙江高考)我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。③Hehadjustfinishedhishomeworkwhenhismotheraskedhimtoplaythepiano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beabouttodo...when...,bedoing...when...,beonthepointofdoing...when...,hadjustdone...when...))when还可表原因，意为“既然”。3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达①ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。②Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。③Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.＝Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.(2011·辽宁高考)他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。④Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])(1)assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。(2)nosooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：nosooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。4．before与since①Youmustlearntoconsultyourfeelingsandyourreasonbeforeyoureachanydecision.(2013·湖南高考)在做任何决定之前，你必须学会顾及自己的情感和理智。②Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.(2010·陕西高考)约翰认为他不久就会为他的新工作做好准备。③ItwasseveralyearsbeforeIrealizedthatDavidhadliedtome.(2014·山西四校模拟)几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。④Asisreported,itis100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.(2011·四川高考)据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])(1)before表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……，在……之前”。(2)Itwillbe＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。(3)Itwon’tbelongbefore...“不久之后就……”。(4)Itwas＋一段时间＋before...“过了多久才……”。(5)Itis＋一段时间＋since...“自从……多久了”。5．表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表达①Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。②Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.下次你来这里的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。③ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime,anytime等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。6．till,until和not...until①Haveyouheardthemeetingwillbeputofftill/untilnextTuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？②Iwon’ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhehasbeenworkingonitformorethananhour.直到这个学生做这道数学题做了一个小时以上的时候，我才会告诉他答案。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。(2)not...until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。二、地点状语从句①Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.(2012·山东高考)很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。②Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.有志者事竟成。③Where(ver)there’splentyofsunandrain,thefieldsaregreen.哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])1．地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。三、条件状语从句①Shesaysthatshe’llhavetoclosetheshopunlessbusinessimproves.(2013·江西高考)她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。②Youcanborrowmycaraslongasyoupromisenottodrivetoofast.(2012·江西高考)只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。③Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。④Suppose/Supposing(that)theyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if,unless(＝if...not除非)，so/aslongas(只要)，incase(万一),onconditionthat(条件是),suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，providedthat(如果)等。四、让步状语从句①Althoughregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。②I’llwaitforyouhoweverlateitis.不管有多晚我都会等着你。③Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,eventhoughtheyknewittobevaluable.他们很多人不听他的意见，尽管他们知道他的意见很有价值。④MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.虽然我很喜欢，但不会买的。⑤WhileIalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA．(2012·湖南)虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])引导让步状语从句的连词有：1．although/though(尽管，虽然)，eventhough/evenif(即使)。2．whether...or...(不管……还是……)；疑问词＋­ever(不管……；无论)，如whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever等；nomatter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)。3．as或though引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序。4．从属连词while,when也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。五、原因状语从句①—Mum,couldIgoouttoplaynow?—Letmesee...Yes,sinceyouhavefinishedallyourschoolassignments.——妈妈，现在我可以出去玩吗？——让我想想，是的，既然你已经把所有的学习任务完成。②Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youmustdoitbyyourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。③ConsideringthatIhavetoldyouthreetimes,youmustknowit.鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你一定知道了。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since(既然),nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat(考虑到)。六、方式状语从句①Thehousewasgreatlydamagedbythetruck.We’dbetterleavethingsastheyareuntilthepolicearrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。②Doasyouaretoldto,oryou’llbefired.告诉你怎么做你就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。③Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as,asif,asthough等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中asif或asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。七、结果状语从句①Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.＝Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。②Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。③Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。④Hewassocleverastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.→Hewassocleverastudentastobeabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])1．引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so...that...,such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...,such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋形容词/副词＋that从句,so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋that从句,so＋many/much/few/little少＋名词＋that从句))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数形式＋that从句,such＋形容词＋可数名词复数形式/不可数名词＋that,从句,such＋alotof/lotsof＋名词＋that从句))2．当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such...asto...八、目的状语从句①Whenhegoesout,heoftenwearssunglassessothat/inorderthatnobody/noonecanrecognizehim.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。②Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。③Takeyourraincoatincase/lestitshouldrain.带上雨衣以防下雨。eq\a\vs4\al([规律总结])引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase(that)/lest等。1．inorderthat,sothat两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。2．forfearthat,incase(that)引导目的状语从句时，forfearthat表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；incase(that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。九、比较状语从句1.A+谓语+as+adj/adv+as+B(A和B一样…)(放于肯定句中)A+谓语+as+adj+a(n)+cn.(sing)+as+BThemanhopestoliveassimplealifeashisgandpa.这个人希望和他爷爷一样过着简朴的生活A+谓语+as+many+cn(pl)/much(un)+as+Byoushouldgiveasmuchinformationaspossibletothereaderstogetyourideasacross.(possible)你应该向读者提供尽可能更多的信息来传达你的观点。2.A+谓语+not+as/so+adj/adv+as+B(A不如B…)(放于否定句中)=notmore…thanSheisnotsocleverasheis.=Sheisnotmorecleverthanheis.她不如他聪明3.A+谓语+no+more…than+B=neither…nor…“同…一样不”(用于否定两者)Theteachertoldmeseriously，‘‘YouarenomorecarefulthanJimis”.老师严肃地对我说，“你和吉姆一样不仔细。”Heisnomoreawriterthanapainter.=Heisneitherapainternorawriter.他既不是画家，也不是作家。3.A+谓语+no+less…than+B=both…and“和…一样”(用于肯定两者)Yourbrotherisnolesswisethanyou.你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。4.the比较级…the比较级Generallyspeaking,theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.一般来讲，你越努力，你取得的进步越大。高考试题分析：1．____you’vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.(1999高考)A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas2．Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,____hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.(2006北京)A.andB.forC.butD.or3．Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety____ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.(2007上海)A.asB.thatC.whichD.where4．Weallknowthat,__________,thesituationwillgetworse.（2007全国卷I）A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith5．________Ireallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.（2007山东卷）A．AsB．SinceC．IfD．While6.—Haveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation?—Idon’tmindwherewego______there’ssun,seaandbeach.（08全国I卷）A.asif B.aslongas C.nowthat D.inorderthat7Asmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthree____youneedmorespaceforbaggage.(08全国)A.onceB.becauseC.ifD.unless8.—DidyoureturnFred’scall?—Ididn’tneedto____I’llseehimtomorrow.（08北京卷）A.thoughB.unlessC.whenD.because9.I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime____Briangetback.（08北京卷）A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after10.We’llhaveapicnicintheparkthisSunday_____itrainsorit’sverycold.（08天津卷）A.sinceB.ifC.unlessD.until11.AreyoureadyforSpain？

--Yes,Iwantthegirlstoexperiencethat___theyareyoung.(08上海卷)

A.while B.until C.if D.before12.

_______wellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.(08上海卷)A.however B.whatever C.nomatter D.although13.Doyouhaveaminute?I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.Ok,______youmakeitshort.（08安徽卷）A.nowthatB.ifonlyC.solongasD.everytime14.Nancyenjoyedherselfsomuch______shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.（08福建卷）A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15._____theInternetisofgreathelp.Idon’tthinkit’sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.（08湖南卷）A.IfB.WhileC.BecauseD.As16.You’dbetternotleavethemedicine______kidscangetatit.（08山东卷）A.evenif B.which C.where D.sothat17.______hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.（08辽宁卷）A.Whatever B.Whenever C.Wherever D.However18.Iusedtolovethatfilm______Iwasachild,butIdon’tfeelitthatwayanymore.（08辽宁卷）A.once B.when C.since D.although19.Thereweresomechairsleftover_____everyonehadsatdown.(08四川卷)A.whenB.untilC.thatD.where20.Don’tpromiseanything______youareonehundredpercentsure.（08浙江卷）A.whetherB.afterC.howD.unless21.

__unemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer.（09江苏）A.Before

B.Where

C.Unless

D.Until22.Shehadjustfinishedherhomework________hermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.（09福建）A.when B.while C.after D.since23.Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdo_________Iamhappy.（09陕西）A.eventhoughB.assoonasC.aslongasD.asthough24.Youcan’tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibrary______yougetyourstudentcard.（09上海）A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as25.Peter

was

so

excited______he

received

an

invitation

from

his

friend

to

visit

Chongqing.A.where

B.thatC.why

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