四级语法题讲解和现在完成时语法

PAGE7-Year2011WhichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesisINCORRET?AThecityisnowtentimesitsoriginalsize.BIwishIhadtwotimeshisstrength.*CTheselleraskedfordoubletheusualprice.DTheycomeherefourtimeseveryyear.解析：本题考查的是倍数表达法。答案是B。在英语中，两倍的表达是twice，三倍以上才是three，four，five…times。Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject?AWhatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher?BWhodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris?CHowmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth?*DHowquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome?Thephraseslikefreezingcold,burninghot,orsoakingwet,the-INGparticleisused______.AasacommandBasaconditionCforconcessionDforemphasis*Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause(主语从句)?AWearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime.BHehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear.CShesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorning.DItissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays.*Inthesentence"ThemanagerinterviewedJimhimselfinthemorning",theitalicizedwordisusedtomodify_______.AtheobjectBtheverbCthesubject*DtheprepositionalphraseThesentencethatexpressesOFFERisAI'llgetsomedrinks.What'llyouhave?*BDoessheneedtobookaticketnow?CMayIknowyourname?DCanyoureturnthebooknextweek?Whichofthefollowingitalicizedphraseindicateasubject-predicaterelation（主谓关系）?A.Smith'spassporthasbeenissued.BThevisitor'sarrivalwasreportedinthenews.*CJohn'straveldetailshavenotbeenfinalized.DThenewbookstoresellschildren'sstories.Year2012Whichofthefollowingdeterminers(限定词）canbeplacedbeforebothsingularcountnounsandpluralcountnouns?AmanyaBfewCsuch*DthenextWhichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns（反身代词）isusedasanappositive(同位语）？AHepromisedhimselfrapidprogress.BThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary.*CIhavenothingtosayformyself.DTheyquarreledthemselvesredintheface.WhichofthefollowingsentencesexpressWILLINGNESS?ABynowshewillbeeatingdinner.BIshallneverdothatagain.CMybrotherwillhelpyouwiththeluggage.*DYoushallgetapromotion.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?AHowstrangefeelingstheyare！*BHowdareyouspeaktomelikethat!CWhatnoisetheyaremaking!DWhatamesswearein!Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionasasubject?AWeneverdoubtthatherbrotherishonest.BTheproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay.CYoumustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongsto.DItisclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.*Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasanobject?AHedoesn'tliketheideaofmyspeakingatthemeeting.BItisnouseyourpretendingnottoknowthematter.CMyparentsstronglyobjecttomygoingoutaloneatnight.*DHerfallingintotheriverwastheclimaxofthewholetrip.AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT_______.ASheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes*BOnlyoneproblemstillremainsthefoodCMyfriendsallunderstandandsupportmeDShelikedhercurrentjob,teachingEnglishWhichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcause?AIgotajobassoonasIleftuniversity.BAstherewasnoanswer,Iwroteagain.*CYoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.DWealthyasheis,Markisnotahappyman.Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial?AAreyousureofSimon'sdisappearance?BThemanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager.CEveryprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureoftheplan.DDespitetherain,everyoneenjoyedthetrip.*Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasesisanadverbialofconcession?ATheyusedtheboxforkeepingtreasure.BIsteppedasideforhertogetinfirst.CForallthatheseemstodislikeme,Ishalllikehim.*DTheparentsboughtabirthdaycakefortheirson.2013Xinchunreturnedfromabroadadifferentman.Theitalicizedpartfunctionsasa(n).Aappositive（同位语）BobjectCadverbialDcomplementTIP:这道题考查句子成分。adifferentman在句子中充当的是主语Xinchun的补足语，选择D。Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword(复合词)?ANonsmoker.BDeadline.CMeanness.DMisfit.TIP:这道题目考查的是构词法。复合词是指由两个以上（包括两个）独立的词组合而成的新词，因此正确选项为B。其他三项属于派生词：A由前缀non+词根smoke+后缀er构成；由词根mean和后缀ness构成；由前缀mis和词根fit构成。Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?ALucyinsisitedthathersongethomebefore5o’clock.BSheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.CWalkstraightahead,anddon’tturntillthesecondtrafficlights.DPaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.Thefollowingdeterminers(限定词)canbeusedwithbothpluralanduncountablenounsEXCEPT.AmoreBenoughCmanyDsuchWhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatesCONTRAST?ASheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.BVictorialikesmusicandSamisfondofsports.CThinkitoveragainandyou’llgetananswer.DHeissomewhatarrogant,andIdon’tlikethis.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeusedasnominalsubstitute(名词替代词)？AMuch.BNeither.COne.DQuarter.AllthefollowingsentencesdefinitelyindicatefuturetimeEXCEPT．A.MotheristohaveteawithAuntBettyatfour.B.ThePresidentiscomingtotheUNnextweek.C.Theschoolpupilswillbehomebynow.D.Heisgoingtoemailmethenecessaryinformation.TIP:这里will做情态动词用，表示推测和估计。WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT?APoliticsaretheartorscienceofgovernment.BTenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.CMumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.DAllthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged.TIP:主谓一致问题。Politics是一个以s结尾的表示学科的词，谓语应该用单数形式。Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive?AHeisnotthemantodrawback.BTonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie.CLarryhasalargefamilytosupport.DThereisreallynothingtofear.TIP:同位语的基本功能是在句子中给先行词充当解释说明的作用。Ａ项ｍan和drawback是主谓关系；C项family和support是动宾关系；D项nothing和fear也是动宾关系。WhichofthefollowingisNOTanimperativesentence?ALetmedriveyouhome,shallI?BYouwillmindyourownbusiness!CComeandhavedinnerwithus.DIwishyoucouldstaybehind.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressessfact?AMaryandhersonmustbehomebynow.BCarelessreadingmustgivepoorresults.CIt’sgettinglate,andImustleavenow.DHemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.TIP:情态动词must的用法。Must可以表示推测，如A项，玛丽和她的儿子现在应该到家了；D项，他在办公室一定工作到很晚。Must还可以表示“必须做某事”，如C项，天色已晚，我必须要回家了。只有在B项，must用来强调一个事实，粗心阅读必定没有好结果。Thefollowingarealldynamicverbs(动态动词)EXCCEPT.AremainBturnCwriteDknock2014Itisessentialthatheallthefactsfirst.AisexaminingBwillexamineCexaminesDexamineTIP:考查虚拟语气。Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesafutureaction?ALucyiscontinuallyfindingfaultwithhersister.BWearemeetingthevisitorsaftertheperformance.CThecoachisnowcrossingtheGardenDI’mhopingthatyou’llgiveussomeadvice.TIP:考查进行时态的用法。Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobjectcomplement?AThefrontdoorremainedlocked.BTheboylookeddisappointed.CNancyappearedworried.DHeseemedtohavenomoneyleftTIP:考查语法术语objectcomplement（宾语补足语）。ABC属于subjectcomplement（主语补足语），连系动词后的部分（be的各种形式，become,turn,seem,appear,look,smell,taste,remain等。）是主语补足语。WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT？APhysicsisanimportantschoolsubject.BTheNiagaraFallsisinNorthAmerica.CTheUnitedStatesbordersCanada.DMumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.TIP:考查主谓一致(agreement)。WhichofthefollowingsentencesindicatesPOSSIBILITY?AThemooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.BYoucannotsmokeinsidethebuilding.CHecannotcometoday.DShecannotplaythepiano.TIP:考查can的用法。Theboysinthefamilyareoldenoughfor.AschoolsBschoolCtheschoolDtheschoolsTIP:考查零冠词的用法。不加冠词表示到了上学的年龄，而非具体的场所。Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsindicatesapredicate-objectrelationship?AHewasreadingMary’sletterintheroom.BYoucanbuymen’sshoesinthisshop.CMrs.Black’spassportwaslost.DTheenemy’sdefeatbroughtthewartoanend.TIP:考查名词属格的意义。Pleasepardonyou.AmydisturbingBdisturbingCtodisturbDthatIdisturbTIP:考查动名词。WhichofthefollowingtagquestionsisINCORRECT?ACarrythisparcelforme,willyou?BNobodywantstogothere,doeshe?CFewpeopleknowhim,don’tthey?DEverythingisready,isn’tit?TIP:考查（附加疑问句）。Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns（反身代词）isusedasanobject?AIspoketothepresidenthimself.BFrankisnotquitehimselftoday.CLindaherselfwillplaytheviolin.DYoumustpullyourselftogether.TIP:考查反身代词的用法。Theresearchteamcanhandleneedstobehandled.AwheneverBwhicheverCwhereverDwhateverTIP:考查宾语从句引导词。Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsmodifiesanadverb?AIratherlikemyteacher.BThatwasaveryfunnyfilm.CDoitrightnow.DWewalkedabout6miles.Whenthesentence“Theyhadmadeamessofthehouse”isturnedintopassivevoice,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?AAmesshadbeenmadeinthehouse.BAmesshadbeenmadebythem.CThehousehadbeenmadeamessof.DThehousehadbeenmadeamess.TIP:考查动词词组的被动。takecareof,makeamessof,payattentionto这类词组有两种被动语态形式：把词组当成整体直接构成被动，如Hisbooksweretakengreatcareof.把词组看作“动词+宾语+介词”词组，如Greatcarewastakenofhisbooks.FoolMichaelis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.AasBwhoCthatDlikeTIP:考查as的让步用法。Whenthesentence“ShallIdriveyoutotheairportfirst?”isturnedintoindirectspeech,whichofthefollowingismostappropriate?AHeagreedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.BHeofferedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.CHeadvisedmetogototheairportfirst.DHesuggestedthatIdrivetotheairportfirst.TIP:考查间接引语。现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.例句：1. Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间。2. Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework.他还没完成作业。3. Haveyoureadthisnovel?你看过这本小说吗？Yes,Ihave.是的，看过了。No,Ihaven’t.不，没看过。4. WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.

我们已经学了两年英语了。5.Theyhaven’tseeneachothersince1998.

自从1998年他们就没再见过面。现在完成时的主要用法1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的词应是延续性动词.常与since+过去的时间点，since+谓语是一般过去时的从句；for+一段时间，sofar等时间状语连用。如：IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.IhaveeverbeentotheSummerIhaveneverhadacar.(我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的时间状语常与①already,②never,③ever,④just（刚才）,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar（到目前为止）,⑨forthelastfewweeks,⑩thesedays,⑾since2010/twoyearsago,sincehecamehere,⑿foralongtime(13)inthelast/past…years等连用。a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。eg:Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了。Hashealreadylefthere?

他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b）never是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever表示“曾经”WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？c）just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）,justnow(用于过去时)Hehasjustcomeback.他刚刚回来。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他们刚刚完成那项工作。d）before用于完成时，而ago用于过去时Hehasstartedhisworktenyearsbefore.

他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。Hestartedhisworktenyearsago.他是十年前开始他的工作的。常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词:already(已经):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已经):用于否定句,疑问句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(刚刚)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾经)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(从不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since(自从…以来)I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(长达)He’slivedinShenzhenfor6years.inthepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在过去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前为止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前为止)thismorning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别Ilivedthere2yearsagoIhavelivedherefortwoyearsIhavelivedheresincetwoyearsago.IhavelivedheresinceIcamehere.1.都表示过去发生的事2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）当有一个表示过去某时的状语时，不能用现在完成时，而多用一般过去时。IsawMaryanhourago.Shelostherhandbagyesterday.有些时间状语，既能用于现在完成时，又能用于一般过去时，但意义上有差别。I’vewrittenthreelettersthismorning.（说话时仍是上午）Iwrotethreelettersthismorning.（说话时仍是上午或晚上）现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过去，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延续下去；而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或事情。Ihavetaughtthisclassfortenyears.（还在教）Itaughtthisclassfortwoyears.（曾教过两年，现在不教了）一般过去时态和现在完成时态同义转换1.我们买这本书三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.2.他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.3.我借的这本书一周多了.Ihavekeptthebookforaweek.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.4.我成为一个学生两年多了.Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.5.MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.重点句型:

Itis/hasbeen+段时间+since从句段时间+haspassed+since从句eg.他去世了两年了：Hediedtwoyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehedied.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied.注:现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语如：yesterday,lastyear,in1980,threedaysago,justnow,whenIcamein等连用Payattention注意不能是具体过去时间1.现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在,不能是具体过去时间B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.eg.HaveyoueverbeentoJapan?Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkalready.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet2.区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是短暂性动词。延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work,read,write,study等,短暂性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：come,go,buy,die,borrow,begin等。表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或howlong问句Ihaveboughtthispenfortwomonths.（错）Ihavehadthispenfortwomonths.（正确）Howlonghaveyouhadthispen.?(正确)Theplayhasbegunforanhour.（错）Theplayhasbeenonforanhour.（正确）结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.1.直接用延续性动词buy–havecatch(get)acold–haveacoldborrow—keepcome/go/become—beput