武汉微博教育整理分享-计算机英语第三版课后答案(五)

《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案PAGEPAGE1武汉微博教育整理分享—计算机英语第三版课后答案（五）练习答案e-BusinessSectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:commercial;networkcatalogs;enginescurrencies;checksrelationship-based;pursesSignaturescash;tokenPublicSymmetricII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:userauthentication用户认证electronicpurse电子钱包informationfilter信息过滤dataintegrity数据完整性smartcard智能卡HTML超文本标记语言symmetrickeycryptosystem对称密钥密码系统messageauthenticationcode信息鉴定码unauthorizedaccesscontrol未授权访问控制electroniccatalog电子目录electronicmoney(或cash)电子货币searchengine搜索引擎digitalsignature数字签名userinterface用户界面EFT(ElectronicFundsTransfer)电子资金转帐publickeycryptosystem公钥密码系统PDA(personaldigitalassistant)个人数字助理hypertextlink超文本链接3Dimage三维图像creditcard信用卡III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Thetermelectroniccommerceencompassestheentireprocessofbuying,selling,andadvertisingproductsandservicesusingelectroniccommunicationsmedia.Butwhenpeopletalkabout(e-commerce)today,they'reusuallyreferringtotheemergingmarketplaceontheInternet.(Retailers)ofallkindsarenowscramblingtoestablishthemselvesandreach(customers)inthisnewmarketplace.Themajorobstacletoe-commerceistheproblemofhowtopayfor(products)andservicesonline.Howcanelectronic(payments)bemadeconvenient,reliable,and(secure)forconsumersandretailersalike?AswitheveryotherInternet(technology),aglobalstandardforonline(transactions)mustemergebeforee-commercebecomesawidelyaccepted(practice).Thedrivetoestablishastandardfor(electronic)moneyiswellunderway.Softwaredevelopers,banks,and(credit)cardcompaniesareallpushingtransactionsystemsto(online)merchants,eachbettingthattheirsystemwillbecomethe(standard)waytopayforthingsonline.AsaWeb(storefront)owner,youmustinvestigateallthe(options)andofferasmanychoicestoyourcustomersastheydemand,whilekeeping(costs)andcomplexitiesfromgettingoutofhand.IV．TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Acomputervirusisaprogramthat“infects”computerfiles(usuallyotherexecutableprograms)byinsertinginthosefilescopiesofitself.Thisisusuallydoneinsuchamannerthatthecopieswillbeexecutedwhenthefileisloadedintomemory,allowingthemtoinfectstillotherfiles,andsoon.Virusesoftenhavedamagingsideeffects,sometimesintentionally,sometimesnot.

Avirusthatpropagates(传播)itselfacrosscomputernetworksissometimesreferredtoasa“Worm”,especiallyifitiscomposedofmanyseparatesegmentsdistributedacrossthenetwork.A“TrojanHorse”,thoughtechnicallynotavirus,isaprogramdisguisedassomethinguseful,whichwhenrundoessomethingequallydevious(阴险的)tothecomputersystemwhileappearingtodosomethingelse.

计算机病毒是通过在计算机文件（通常是其他可执行程序）中插入自身的拷贝来“传染”这些文件的程序。这通常以如此的方式进行，以致文件装入内存时拷贝即被执行，从而使其可再传染其他的文件，等等。病毒常常产生破坏性的副作用，有时是有意的，有时则是无意的。

在计算机网络上自我传播的病毒有时称为“蠕虫”，尤其是在它由分布在网络各处的许多独立部分构成的情况下。“特洛伊木马”虽然从技术上讲不是病毒，但它是伪装成有用东西的程序，运行时在对计算机系统做着同样阴险的事情的同时，表面上却显得在做其他的事情。SectionBI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:Foure-Businessvendor-centric;customer-centricInfrastructureII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:vendor-centricmodel客户中心模式Website网站Websurfing网上冲浪middlewareserver中间件服务back-endplatform后端平台e-Businessstrategy电子商务策略binaryformat二进制格式customer-orientede-Businesssystem面向客户的电子商务系统ISV(independentsoftwarevendor)独立软件推销商informationinfrastructure信息基础结构设施SectionCI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:ServicesMarketingstorefronts;consultingadvertisements;subscriptionsII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:Webstorefront网上店面electronicpresskit电子版发行包onlineretail在线零售multimediademo多媒体演示onlineaccess联机访问value-addedservices增值业务productpromotion产品推销communicationmedium通信媒体Unit14ComputerSecuritySectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:employeesHackersCrackersdamage;manipulationWormsoftwarepiracyaccess;backupPasswordsII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:encryptionprogram加密程序deletioncommand删除命令authorizeduser授权的用户backupcopy备份的副本voltagesurge电涌，浪涌电压circuitbreaker断路器electroniccomponent电子器件data-entryerror数据输入错误electronicbreak-in电路中断powerline电力线，输电线detectionprogram检测程序powersource电源destructivecomputerprogram破坏性计算机程序computervirus计算机病毒softwarepiracy软件侵权hard-diskdrive硬盘驱动器viruschecker病毒检查程序primarystorage主存储器electronicbulletinboard电子公告板surgeprotector浪涌电压保护器武汉微博教育III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Avirusorotherunwelcomesurprisecanlurkinyourcomputersystemfordaysormonthswithoutdiscovery.Atimebombisacomputerprogramthatstaysinyoursystemundetecteduntilitistriggeredbyacertaineventintime,suchaswhenthecomputersystemclockreachesacertaindate.AtimebombisusuallycarriedbyavirusorTrojanhorse.Forexample,theMichelangeloviruscontainsatimebombdesignedtodamagefilesonyourharddiskonMarch6,thebirthdayofartistMichelangelo.Alogicbombisacomputerprogramthatistriggeredbytheappearanceordisappearanceofspecificdata.Forexample,supposeaprogrammerinalargecorporationbelievesthatsheisonthelistofemployeestobeterminatedduringthenextcost-cuttingcampaign.Herhostility(敌意)overcomesherethical(道德的)judgment,andshecreatesalogicbombprogramthatchecksthepayroll(在职人员名单)fileeverydaytomakesureheremploymentstatusisstillactive.Iftheprogrammer’sstatuschangesto“terminated,”herlogicbombactivatesaprogramthatdestroysdataonthecomputer.Atimebomborlogicbombmightdomischief(祸害)inyourcomputerlongbeforethetimergoesoff.Ifthebombcontainsavirus,itcouldreplicateandspreadtootherfiles.Meanwhile,youmightsendfilesfromyourcomputertoothercomputers,notknowingthattheyareinfected.IV．TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Butthereallyamazingthingisthatwe’restillonlyatthedawnofthedigitalage.Inthepasttwodecades,thepowerofmicroprocessorshasincreasedmorethanonemilliontimes.But20yearsfromnow,microprocessorswillprobablybemorethanamilliontimesagainaspowerfulastheyaretoday.Andthey’llcontainuptoonebilliontransistors.

OverthenextfewyearsthePCwillremainthemaincomputingtoolformostpeople,butitwillbejoinedbyallkindsofnew,microprocessor-powereddevicesthatwillmakeyourlifeeveneasier.Forexample,whenyou’retravelingyou’llbeabletocallupyouritinerary,sendane-mailpostcard,bookanappointmentwithyourdoctororbalanceyourbankaccountusingahandheldPCthatwillknowwhatinformationyouneed,andwhenandwhereyouneedit.Andyou’llbeabletogetamap,hotelguideorthenewsfromtheWebvianewkindsofcellphones.

但是，真正令人吃惊的是，我们仍然只是处于数字时代的开端。在过去20年，微处理器的功能增强了一百多万倍。但是，今后20年，微处理器的功能很可能比今天再增强一百多万倍。而且，它们将含有多达10亿个晶体管。

在今后几年，个人电脑将依然是大多数人的主要计算工具，但是，在个人电脑之外，将出现各种新颖的由微处理器驱动的设备，使你的生活更加便利。例如，你旅行的时候，可以调出旅行计划，发送电子邮件明信片，预约医生，或者结算银行账户，所使用的则是手持式个人电脑，它知道你需要什么信息以及何时何地需要。而且，你可以通过新型手机得到地图、饭店指南或网上新闻。SectionBI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:MacrobootsectorParasiticTrojan或TrojanHorseII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:partitiontable分区表hostprogram主机程序anti-virussoftware反毒软件globaltemplate公用模板virussignature病毒特征代码BBS(bulletinboardsystem)公告板系统datacorruption数据毁损MBR(masterbootrecord)主引导记录bootsector引导扇区macrovirus宏病毒SectionCI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:Protectentertainment;challengeIPaddressbackdoorsII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:systemplatform系统平台installbackdoors安置后门emailattachment电子邮件的附件vulnerabilityassessmenttool弱点评估工具networksecuritymeasure网络安全措施systemmaintenancepersonnel系统维护人员MXrecord函件交换记录hackasystem非法闯入系统Unit15RemarksbyITGiantsSectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:colorTVsWebCorporationsConnectivityaccess或connectivitytelecommunications;telephonewireless;high-bandwidthInternetII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:PC-pluseraPC影响力增强的时代cablemodem海底电缆universalPCmodel通用PC模式multifunctionaldevice多功能设备informationoverload信息过载，信息超负荷high-bandwidthconnectivity高带宽连通性consumerelectronics消费类电器investmentportfolio投资组合virtualconvergence虚拟整合tabletPC便笺簿式个人电脑voicerecognition语音识别smarttelevision智能电视R&D(researchanddevelopment)研究与开发surftheWeb在网上冲浪AutoPC自动个人计算机e-mailcolleagues给同事发电子邮件Web-enabledcellphone具有上网功能的手机digitaltechnology数字技术wirelesstechnology无线技术broadbandcommunications宽带通信III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Athome,you’llbeabletooperateyourPCbytalkingtoit.Itwillautomaticallybackupallyourinformation,updateitsownsoftwareandsynchronizeitselfwithyourTV,cellphone,handheld,andallthedevicesonyourhomenetwork.Therefrigeratorinyourkitchenwillknowhowwellstockeditis,suggestrecipesbasedonwhat’savailable,andordermorefoodfromyouronlinegrocer.YourTVwilldoubleasaninteractiveshoppingmall,lettingyoubuyadvertisedproductsorclothesyousawinasitcom.Andifyoudon’twanttowatchTV,you’llbeabletoreadanelectronicbookthatknowsyourfavoriteauthorsandautomaticallydownloadstheirlatestnovels.Ifyoudecidetoreadoneofthem,yourbankaccountwillbedebited.Soundslikesciencefiction?Justafewyearsago,itwas.Butthankstothemicroprocessor—andtoalltheincredibleinnovationsinsoftware,hardware,theInternetandtelecomm