河南省鹿邑县第二高级中学2023-2024学年高二上学期十月份月考英语试卷

2023-2024学年度鹿邑县第二高级中学高二英语十月份月考试卷考试时间：100分钟第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。TherearemanyamazingsitestovisitinEurope.HerearesomenaturalwondersontheEuropeancontinentthatcantakeyourbreathaway.Portugal:AlgarveKnownforwaterinendlessshadesofgreenandblue,goldenbeachesandtinybays,Portugal’ssouthernAlgarveregionisaparadiseofsun,seaandsand.Whetheryouwanderaroundthecoastline,takeaboattouroftheseaorsunbatheonthesoftgoldensandwhilethewavesgentlylapattheshore,you’resuretofeellikeyou’reinheaven.Spain:LasMedulasThehistoricminingsiteofLasMedulasinnorth-westSpainisadramaticexampleofancientRomantechnology.TheregionwasrichingoldmineswheretheRomansobtainedgoldusinghydraulicpowerinthefirstcentury,leavingbehindatransformedlandscapestillvisibletoday.Withitsburntorangepeaksandabundantgreenery,it’saperfectmixofnaturalandman-madescenery.HungaryandSlovakia:CavesofAggtelekKarstandSlovakKarttTheCavesofAggtelekKarstandSlovakKarstarelocatedbetweenHungaryandSlovakiaandcontain712caveswhichspreadoutover55,800hectares.Thecavesaremadeoflimestone(石灰石)andhavehighhumidity(湿度),sodrippingwaterformedintostalactites(钟乳石)overmillionsofcenturies,creatingthedecorationsyoucanwitnesstoday.Austria:LakeHallstattLocatedbetweenSalzburgandGraz,Hallstattisapicturesque,19th-centurytowninAustria’sLakeDistrict,featuringcottages,saltminesandicecaves.SituatedinasettlementthatdatesbacktotheearlyIronAge,itisoneoftheoldestinhabitedsettlementsinEurope.1、WhatdovisitorsprobablythinkofatourofAlgarve?A.Cold. B.Uninteresting. C.Tiring. D.Pleasant.2、WhatcanvisitorsdoinCavesofAggtelekKarstandSlovakKarst?A.Learnabouttheprocessofgoldmining.B.Havealookatstalactites.C.Seethelandscapeofhistoricgold-miningsites.D.Knowhowhydraulicpowerisusedtoday.3、Whichcountryaretravellersinterestedinsaltmineslikelytogoto?A.Austria. B.Portugal.C.HungaryandSlovakia. D.Spain.BIjustflewfromBerlin,Germany,toAtlanta,Georgia,andittookme24hoursduetotheweather-relateddelayduringmystopoverinNewYork.Likemanyotherpassengers,Iwassowornout,annoyed,andhelplessthatIcouldbarelyholdittogether.Thepilot,calledThierryBeyeler,wasdifferent.Helefttheflightdeckandwalkedtothedissatisfiedpassengerstoapologizeandcomfortthem.Thepilot’sappropriatebehaviorsetthetoneandensurednoonegotangry.Itremindedmeofthebeautyof“eleganceunderpressure”.ThierryBeyelerwasapilotwithSwissInternationalAirLines,forwhichheflewvariousaircraft.Duringthedelay,IhadthechancetospeaktoBeyelerandlearnabouthisexperienceasapilot.Hesaid,“Flyingisabitlikeeatingchocolate.Iloveeveryflight.However,whenyouhave16flightsinfourdays,thenthat’stoomuchchocolateforme...”.Asforcrisissituations,hedidhaveafew:“Once,Ihadanenginefailure,butthat’srare,andwehandledit.Anothertime,wehadsmokeinthecabin(机舱),andwewenttolandquickly.Intheend,itwasjusttheairconditioninghavingsomeproblems…”Hebelieves,“AsMurphy’slawputsit,‘Whatcangowrongwillgowrong’.Sothinkaboutitandtrytopreparementally.”Beyelercontinued,“Comparedwithcars,aflightisahigh-riskenvironment;it’snotlikeridingabike.Eveniftherewasaminorerror,itcouldhavefatalconsequences.Everypilotisquiteprofessionalinthefield.Butitisthestrongmindsetinthechaosthatplaysthekeyrole.Humansinterveneintechnicalsystemstosolveproblemscountlesstimesaday,anditwouldbedangerousifthepilotbecamenervousandforgotthat.”I’vebeentouchedbyBeyeler’swords.Iunderstandthathumanfactors,includingconfidence,courage,responsibility,andemotionalintelligence,arebecomingmoreandmoreimportantintoday’sworld.4、HowdidBeyelersoundfacingthelongdelayaccordingtothetext?A.Depressedandtired. B.Calmandoptimistic.C.Helplessandanxious. D.Annoyedandsympathetic.5、WhatdoesBeyelerwanttoshowbymentioning“eatingchocolate”?A.Flyingbringshimmuchfun.B.Flyinginvolvesvariouscrisissituations.C.Toomanyflighttaskscanbeunbearableforhim.D.Toomanycrisissituationshavehappenedtohim.6、WhatdoesBeyelerconsidercritical,forpilotsduringemergencies?A.Gainingagoodsenseoftime.B.Havinggreatstrengthofmind.C.Knowingallthetechnicalsystemswell.D.Havingagoodgraspofprofessionalknowledge.7、what’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnadventuroustriptoAtlanta.B.Thepotentialcrisissituationsontheplane.C.Majorfactorsinfluencingtrafficsafety.D.ThelessonsfromthepilotBeyeler.CU.S.growersproduced$2.2billioninstrawberriesin2020,mostlyinCalifornia,accordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture.Butconsumersdiscardedanestimated35%ofstrawberriesduetospoilage.Toreduceconsumerwaste,theJ.R.Sim-plotCompanyandPlantSciencesInc.haveteameduptoedittheDNAofstrawberriesandmakethesenew-improvedfruitsavailableonthecommercialmarket.Thenewtechnologywillimprovetheshelflifeofstrawberriesandextendtheirgrowingseason.What’smore,itmayhelpfarmersachievehigherproductiononlessland,withreducedwaterandlaborneeds.Inthisway,farmerscangrowhealthierstrawberryplantsmoreefficiently,andthefruitswillstayfreshforlonger.ThecompanieswilluseCRISPR-Cas9toeditthestrawberries’genes.Thistechnologyworkslikethecut-and-pastecommandonacomputer.Itallowsscientiststoidentifyageneinthestrawberryandcutitout.Then,theycansewthetwoendsofthegenebacktogetherorreplacetheoldgenewiththeonethatcodesforanimprovement.UsingCRISPR-Cas9technologyismuchfasterandmoreefficientthantheselectivebreedingofcross,whichcantakeyears.Itconsistsofcrossingplantswiththemostdesirablequalitiesoverandoveragainuntiltheidealplantisachieved.ButCRISPR-Cas9allowsscientiststocomestraighttothepointandavoidspendingmuchtimeonplantbreeding.PlantsmodifiedbyCRISPR-Cas9technologyarenearlythesameasplantsbredusingtraditionalmethods.“Wearestillworkingwitheverythingthatnaturehasprovided.Withtraditionalbreeding,whateverfeaturesnaturehaskickedoutoftheDNA,that’sthehandyouhavebeenplayed,”ZacharyLippman,aplantbiologist,toldNationalGeographic.“Withgeneediting,nowyouarehavinganace(王牌)upyoursleeve.”Thetwocompaniesarecurrentlyworkingonmappingoutthegenesoftheirstrawberryvarietiessotheycanidentifywhichgenescodeforwhichfeatures.Ifsuccessful,they’lllaunchthefirstcommerciallyavailablegene-editedstrawberriesinthenextyears.8、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”inParagraph1mean?A.Threwaway. B.Mixedup. C.Brokedown. D.Pickedup.9、Whatisthetechnology’sbenefittofarmers?A.Plantingbiggerstrawberryplants.B.Havinghigheroutputonlessland.C.Helpingimprovethetasteofstrawberries.D.Shorteningthegrowthcycleofstrawberries.10、HowdoestheauthorhighlighttheadvantageofthetechnologyinParagraph4?A.Bylistingexamples. B.Byexplaining,aconcept.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byprovingresearchresults.11、WhatcanweinferfromLippman’swords?A.Heisgoodattraditionalbreedingmethods.B.Helikesfruitswithlongershelflives.C.Hewillhelpperfectthetechnology.D.Heishopefulaboutthetechnology.DIfIcouldgivetoday’syoungpeoplethreewishes,theywouldbe:Morehugs.Moretimeoutsideinnature.Morebeliefintheirownpowertochangetheworld.Whilemostpeopleunderstandtheimportanceofthefirsttwowishes,thethirdoneleavessomefolkswonderingwhyyoungpeople’sbeliefintheirownpowerissoessential.Let’sstartwiththeideathatallofus-especiallyyoungpeople-needheroes.Weneedthemtobeourguidesonthedifficulttrail(足迹)wecalllifeandtoshowusjusthowfarwecango.Andweneedheroestodaymorethanever.Ourmodernsocietyisterriblyconfusedaboutthedifferencebetweenacelebrity(名人)andahero.Andthedifferenceisvital.Acelebrityisallaboutfame(名望)-temporary,superficialfame,usuallyforqualitiesthatareeasytosee:aprettyface,agreatdancemove.Ahero,bycontrast,isaboutcharacter-qualitiesunderthesurfacethataren’tvisibleuntiltheytakeaction.Heroesareallaroundus.Theytrulyholdourworldtogether,throughtheirunselfishdevotiontohelpingothers,teachingchildren,andprotectingtheenvironment.Theydon’twantfame,orglory;theyjustwanttohelp.Insomanyways,theseunsungheroespilottheboatinwhichallofussail.Yet,youngpeoplehearalotmoreaboutcelebritiesthanaboutheroesinthemedia.Thehiddenmessagetheygetfromallthisisthattheirself-worthcomesfromwhattheybuy-whichshoes,whichcellphone-notwhotheyaredowninside.Whatgetslostinthis?Youngpeople’ssenseoftheirownpotentialforheroicqualities-theirownpowertomakeapositivedifferenceintheworld.Truthis,thereisapotentialhero,afuturedifferencemaker,ineveryyoungperson.Eachofthem,fromwhateverbackground,isapositiveforcewhocandosomething.Allittakesforthattobetrueisbelief.Howdowehelpyoungpeoplebelieveintheirownpower?Thebestwayissimplytoshareexamples,ofotheryoungpeoplewhohavemadeadifference.Ryan,age11,hasworkedtirelesslytoraisemoneytoprovidecleandrinkingwatertoAfricanvillages.Whenhefirstheardabouttheplight(困苦)ofAfricanchildrenwhodiedfromimpurewater,Ryanwasonlysixyearsold.Inthenextfiveyears,heraisedover$500,000-enoughtobuildover70waterwells.Barbara,age17,grewuponafarminTexas.Whensherealizedthatlocalfarmerswerepouringtheirusedmotoroilintorivers,causingpollution,sheorganizedthecreationofarecyclingcenterforcrude(未加提炼的)oil.Herprojecthasgrowntoinclude18recyclingcentersinTexas.Thelistcouldcontinue.Thesearebutafewexamplesofyoungpeoplewhohavediscoveredthattheycanbuildontheirownenergytodosomethinggreat.12、Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph2?A.Togiveexamplesofcelebritiesandheroesaroundus.B.Todiscussthedifferencesbetweencelebritiesandheroes.C.Toprovidedefinitionsofthewords“celebrity”and“hero”.D.Toexplainthedetailsaboutbeingcelebritiesandheroes.13、WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Heroesmaketheworldgoround.B.Heroesmustbelieveinthemselves.C.Heroesfocusonsocialwelfareprograms.D.Heroespromotecooperationbetweenpeople.14、Howdoestheauthoradvancehisviewthatyoungpeoplehavethepotentialtobeahero?A.Bydefiningthequalitiesthatmakeayoungpersonahero.B.Bycontrastingtheachievementsmadebydifferentyoungpeople.C.Bygivingexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoshowthequalitiesofahero.D.Byprovidingexamplesofqualitiesthathavemadeyoungpeoplefamous.15、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Moreheroesareneededintheworld.B.Celebritiesarereportedtoomuchinthemedia.C.Adultsshouldbecomerolemodelsforyoungpeople.D.Youngpeopleshouldbelieveintheirabilitytomakeadifference.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoMaketheWorldaBetterPlaceWhenyouthinkaboutpeoplewhohavemadetheworldabetterplace,youprobablythinkoffamousscientistsorgreatleaders.16______Ordinarypeoplelikeyouandmecanalsohelpalot.Anactofkindnesscanbringasmiletoaperson’sfaceevenifonlyforamoment.Giveawayyourmoney.Choosecharitythathasmeaningforyou.Forexample,ifyouwanttohelphungrychildren,youcantrytofindaninternationalorganizationthatprovidesfoodforthoseinpoorareas.17______Shareyourknowledge.Ifafriendneedsskillsinacertainarea,offeryouradvice.Perhapssheisstrugglingtosetupacomputer,andyouknowhowtodothat.Offerwhateverabilityyouhave,butalwaysremembertobepolite.Helpastranger.Yoursmallactionscanbrightenthedayofothers.Holdthedoorforsomeonewhosehandsarefull.18______Giveyourseatonthebustoanoldman.Thekeyisexpectingnothinginreturnforyouractsofkindness.19______Showthepeopleclosetoyouhowmuchyoucareaboutthem.Tellthemtheymeanalottoyou.Makeabeautifulgiftforafriend.Takeyourhusbandtohisfavouritefunplaceifhehashadahardweek.Tellyourchildrenhowmuchtheymeantoyou.Begratefultoothers.20______Thankthewaiter.Doyouhaveaverygoodneighbourwhoisalwaystherewhenyouneedher?Tellherhowmuchyouappreciateherbeinginyourlife.A.Thatisnotallthetruth.B.Careaboutthoseyouknow.C.Helptheblindcrossthestreet.D.Youshouldknowwhatlovemeans.E.Everycentyougiveawaywillmeanalot.F.Haveyouhadgoodserviceinarestaurant?G.Youshouldlearntoexpressgratitudetoothers.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ChloeMarinowasshoppingatasupermarketwithher5-month-oldson.Assometimeshappened,shegotdistractedandaccidentallyleftherwalletbehind.1,thewalletwasspottedbyeagle-eyedstoresecurityguardTownsend,whovolunteeredtogiveitbacktoitsownerafterwork.Not2acar,theyoung22-year-olddecidedto3andherodemilestoWaiehuwhereshelived,gettingtheaddressfromherID.Chloe,whodidn’tevenrealizeshe’dlostherwallet,was4byTownsend’sdeterminationaswellashiswillingnesstohelpoutatotalstranger.Herhusband,Graywasimpressed5.Therefore,he6Townsend’sgoodbehaviortohisFacebookpage.Gray’sfriendJohnwasinspirednotonlybyTownsend’s7actbutalsobytheyoungman’sstory--inspiredenoughtosetupaGo-Fund-Mepagetoseeiffolkscould8enoughmoneysoTownsendmightbeabletotradeinhisbikeforacartomakehisdailycommutetowork.“Whatreally9mewasthathehasbeenworkingasasecurityguardatthestoretosupporthisfamilyfor5yearsandhastoridehisbiketoworkandschooleveryday10hedoesn’thaveacar.WhenIputmyselfinhispositionafteradayofworkandschool,wantingtogohometoseemyfamily,but11toridemybiketothenexttownmilesawayinsteadto12awallet,Iknowthisguyhasa13heart.”Johnsaid.TheGo-Fund-Mepagehadcollectedmorethan$24,000incar-worthy14.“He’sbeen15hisworkforalongtime.He’sagoodguy.Hedeservesabreak.”Johnsaid.1、A.Obviously B.Luckily C.Frustratingly D.Angrily2、A.discovering B.examining C.possessing D.renting3、A.wait B.bicycle C.run D.drive4、A.encouraged B.troubled C.tired D.struck5、A.afterall B.invain C.ontime D.aswell6、A.downloaded B.appreciated C.posted D.occupied7、A.legal B.selfless C.cautious D.normal8、A.spend B.borrow C.raise D.earn9、A.touched B.frightened C.surprised D.embarrassed10、A.though B.when C.until D.because11、A.promising B.choosing C.failing D.pretending12、A.protect B.find C.return D.purchase13、A.kind B.curious C.broken D.heavy14、A.rewards B.donations C.belongings D.goods15、A.concentratingon B.layingasideC.relyingon D.settingaside（共10题；每题1.5分，满分15分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个或括号内单词的正确形式。ChineseNewYearisthemostimportant①________(celebrate)intheChinesecalendar.Itisalsoknown②________theSpringFestivalbecauseitcelebratesthestartofnewlifeandtheseasonforplantingcrops.NewYearfestivitiesstartwhenthemoonisnew,onthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthintheChinesecalendar.Theycontinueuntilthefifteenthday,③________themoonisbrightest.JustbeforeNewYear,peoplecleantheirhouses.Theydecoratethemwithpiecesofpaperwith④________(word)suchasHappinessandWealthwrittenonthem.OnNewYear’sEve,familiesgettogetherandhave⑤________specialmeal.AttheSpringFestival,apopularfoodisdumplings.Acoinis⑥________(usual)hiddeninoneofthedumplings.Itisthoughttobe⑦________(luck)tobethepersonwhofindsthecoin.AtthestartofthefirstweekofNewYear,peoplevisitfriendsandthesecondweekendswithLanternFestivalonthefifteenthdayofthemonth.Peoplelightlanternstoputinthewindowsoftheirhouses.Theywalkinthestreets⑧________(carry)themunderthelightofthefullmoon.OneofthemostinterestingpartsoftheChineseNewYear⑨________(be)thedragondance.Thedragons⑩________(make)outofpaper,silkandbamboo.Chinesepeoplethinkofdragonsashelpful,friendlyanimalswhichsymbolize(象征)longlifeandwisdom.第四部分写作(满分40分)第一节假定你是李华，你们班正在举行主题为MyMostAdmirablePerson的演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：1.简单介绍我最钦佩的人；2.你对他／她的评价；3.他／她对你产生的影响。注意：1.词数80词以上；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。MyMostAdmirablePersonDearteachersandclassmates,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That’sall.Thankyou!第二节阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Anursinghomewouldbesafer,Dad,”Arlyntoldherfather,Jim.“Noway,”Jiminterrupted.Hiswifepassedawayjustayearbefore.At91,hestillwantedtoremaininthecottageheandhiswifehadbuilt.JimstartedexperiencinganearlysignofAlzheimer’sdisease.Arlynfoundhisdeclinewasindeedall-consuming.However,sheherselfwasinherlatesixties;herhousewasa40-minutedrivefromthecottage.Oneday,whenshereadaboutaneweldercareservicecalledCare.coach,itfueledherinterest.Forabout$200amonth,acomputerizedavatar(头像)(controlledremotelybyahumancaregiver)wouldwatchoverahome-boundperson24hoursaday.Shesignedupimmediately.Aweeklater,atabletarrived.Followingtheinstructions,Arlynuploadeddozensoffamilypictures.Thenananimateddogappearedonthescreen.ShepresentedthetablettoJim,pointingtothescreenpet,andsaidexcitedly,“HereDad.Youhaveanewcompanion.”Jim,doubtfulaboutthedog’sservice,knewhehadtolearnhowtogetalongwiththedogbeforeAlzheimer’stookhold.Withinaweek,Jimandhisdog,whomhenamedPony,settledintoaroutine.Every15minutesorso,PonywouldlookforJimcallinghisnameifhewasoutofview.SometimesJimwould“pet”toawakethesleepingPonyonscreen.PonyremindedJimwhichcaretakerwouldbevisitingtodothetasks:preparingmeals,drivinghimtoaseniorcenter,etc.Ponywouldreadpoetryaloudordiscussthenews.WhenPonypraisedJim’ssweater,JimrepaidbypettingPony’sscreenwithhisfingersendingheartsfloatingupfromthedog’shead.OneeveningwhenArlyncametovisitherfatherasusual,shewasamazedtofindthatPonywasholdingupaphotoofherlatemumtoherdadbetweenitspaws.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1：Jimstaredatthephotofondly,withtearswellingupinhiseyes._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：SeeingtheclosebondbetweenPonyandherdad,Arlynfeltarelief._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案第一部分阅读1、答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据Portugal:Algarve部分的“aparadiseofsun,seaandsand...you’resuretofeellikeyou’reinheaven”可知,游览Algarve会让游客感到很愉快。2、答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三部分可知,游客在这里可以看到钟乳石。3、答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据Austria:LakeHallstatt部分可知,对盐矿感兴趣的游客有可能会去Austria。4、答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Likemanyotherpassengers,Iwassowornout,annoyed,andhelplessthatIcouldbarelyholdittogether.(和许多其他乘客一样，我又累又烦又无助，几乎无法控制自己的情绪)”以及第二段“Thepilot,calledThierryBeyeler,wasdifferent.Helefttheflightdeckandwalkedtothedissatisfiedpassengerstoapologizeandcomfortthem.Thepilot'sappropriatebehaviorsetthetoneandensurednoonegotangry.(飞行员ThierryBeyeler则不同。他离开驾驶舱，走向不满的乘客，向他们道歉并安慰他们。飞行员的得体行为奠定了基调，确保没有人生气)”可推知，Beyeler面对长时间的延误冷静乐观。故选B。5、答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Hesaid,“Flyingisabitlikeeatingchocolate.Iloveeveryflight.However,whenyouhavel6flightsinfourdays,thenthat'stoomuchchocolateforme...”(他说：“飞行有点像吃巧克力。我喜欢每一次飞行。然而，当你在4天内要飞16次航班时，那对我来说巧克力太多了……”)”可推知，Beyeler提到“吃巧克力”是想说明太多的飞行任务会让他难以忍受。故选C。6、答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Butitisthestrongmindsetinthechaosthatplaysthekeyrole.Humansinterveneintechnicalsystemstosolveproblemscountlesstimesaday,anditwouldbedangerousifthepilotbecamenervousandforgotthat.(但在混乱中发挥关键作用的是坚强的心态。人类每天无数次地干预技术系统来解决问题，如果飞行员变得紧张而忘记了这一点，那将是危险的)”可知，Beyeler认为，在紧急情况下，对飞行员来说，有强大的意志力是至关重要的。故选B。7、答案：D解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“Duringthedelay,IhadthechancetospeaktoBeyelerandlearnabouthisexperienceasapilot.(在延误期间，我有机会与贝耶勒交谈，了解他作为飞行员的经历)”以及最后一段“I'vebeentouchedbyBeyeler'swords.Iunderstandthathumanfactors,includingconfidence,courage,responsibility,andemotionalintelligence,arebecomingmoreandmoreimportantintoday'sworld.(我被Beyeler的话感动了。我明白，人的因素，包括自信、勇气、责任和情商，在当今世界变得越来越重要)”结合文章主要讲述了作者和飞行员ThierryBeyeler交谈，了解到了飞行员这一职业的特点以及高要求。可知8、答案：A解析：词句猜测题。根据后文“Toreduceconsumerwaste,theJ.R.Sim-plotCompanyandPlantSciencesInc.haveteameduptoedittheDNAofstrawberriesandmakethesenew-improvedfruitsavailableonthecommercialmarket.(为了减少消费者的浪费，J.R.Sim-plot公司和PlantSciences公司合作编辑草莓的DNA，并使这些新改良的水果在商业市场上销售）”可知，两家公司要改良草莓的目的是减少浪费，推知上文是说“35%的草莓因变质而被消费者丢弃”，所以discarded应是“丢弃”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。9、答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Thenewtechnologywillimprovetheshelflifeofstrawberriesandextendtheirgrowingseason.What'smore,itmayhelp.farmersachievehigherproductiononlessland,withreducedwaterandlaborneeds.(这项新技术将提高草莓的保质期，延长它们的生长季节。更重要的是，它可能会有所帮助。农民用更少的土地获得更高的产量，减少了对水和劳动力的需求”可知，通过这项技术，农民用更少的土地获得更高的产量。故选B项。10、答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“UsingCRISPR-Cas9technologyismuchfasterandmoreefficientthantheselectivebreedingofcross,whichcantakeyears.Itconsistsofcrossingplantswiththemostdesirablequalitiesoverandoveragainuntiltheidealplantisachieved.ButCRISPR-Cas9allowsscientiststocomestraighttothepointandavoidspendingmuchtimeonplantbreeding.PlantsmodifiedbyCRISPR-Cas9technologyarenearlythesameasplantsbredusingtraditionalmethods.(使用CRISPR-Cas9技术比选择杂交育种更快、更有效，后者可能需要数年时间。它包括将具有最理想品质的植物反复杂交，直到获得理想的植物。但是CRISPR-Cas9可以让科学家直接切入主题，避免在植物育种上花费太多时间。通过CRISPR-Cas9技术修饰的植物与使用传统方法培育的植物几乎相同)”可知，作者通过用CRISPR-Cas9技术和杂交育种做比较，来强调该技术的优势。故选C项。11、答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段““Wearestillworkingwitheverythingthatnaturehasprovided.Withtraditionalbreeding,whateverfeaturesnaturehaskickedoutoftheDNA,that'sthehandyouhavebeenplayed,”ZacharyLippman,aplantbiologist,toldNationalGeographic."Withgeneediting,nowyouarehavinganace(王牌)upyoursleeve.”（“我们仍在利用大自然提供的一切。植物生物学家扎卡里•利普曼在接受《国家地理》杂志采访时表示：“在传统育种中，无论大自然从DNA中剔除了什么特征，那都是你一直在玩的牌。”“有了基因编辑，现在你就有了一张王牌。”）”可知，利普曼把基因编辑比作王牌，所以他对这项技术充满希望。故选D项。12、答案：B13、答案：A14、答案：C15、答案：D16、答案：A解析：根据上文“Whenyouthinkaboutpeoplewhohavemadetheworldabetterplace,youprobablythinkoffamousscientistsorgreatleaders.(当你想到那些让世界变得更美好的人时,你可能会想到著名的科学家或伟大的领袖)”以及后文“Ordinarypeoplelikeyouandmecanalsohelpalot.Anactofkindnesscanbringasmiletoaperson’sfaceevenifonlyforamoment.(像你我这样的普通人也能帮上很多忙。一个善意的行为可以给一个人带来微笑,即使只是片刻)”可知,本句是对上文句子的一种否定,故A选项“这并非全部事实”符合语境,故选A。17、答案：E根据上文“Giveawayyourmoney.Choosecharitythathasmeaningforyou.Forexample,ifyouwanttohelphungrychildren,youcantrytofindaninternationalorganizationthatprovidesfoodforthoseinpoorareas.(把你的钱捐出去。选择对你有意义的慈善事业。例如,如果你想帮助饥饿的孩子,你可以试着找到一个为贫困地区的人提供食物的国际组织)”可知,本段的主旨是捐款,且E选项中giveaway对应上文Giveaway。故E选项“你捐出的每一分钱都意义重大”符合语境,故选E。18、答案：C根据上文“Holdthedoorforsomeonewhosehandsarefull.(帮手不得空的人开门)”以及后文“Giveyourseatonthebustoanoldman.(在公共汽车上把你的座位让给一位老人)”可知,本句是在列举帮助陌生人的行为。故C选项“帮助盲人过马路”符合语境,故选C。19、答案：B根据本段内容“Showthepeopleclosetoyouhowmuchyoucareaboutthem.Tellthemtheymeanalottoyou.Makeabeautifulgiftforafriend.Takeyourhusbandtohisfavouritefunplaceifhehashadahardweek.Tellyourchildrenhowmuchtheymeantoyou.(让你身边的人知道你有多在乎他们。告诉他们,他们对你很重要。给朋友做一件漂亮的礼物。如果你丈夫一周过得很辛苦,带他去他最喜欢的娱乐场所。告诉你的孩子他们对你有多重要)”可知,本段的主旨是关心身边的人,故B选项“关心你认识的人”符合语境,故选B。20、答案：F根据后文“Thankthewaiter.Doyouhaveaverygoodneighbo