2023年中考英语定语从句要点课件

定语从句Theattributiveclauses先行词++从句关系词关系代词关系副词关系词的功能：1、在意义上，等于先行词；2、在语法功能上，在从句中充当一个成分。关系代词与关系副词：

在从句中的成分先行词主语人物时间who/thatwhich/that宾语who(m)/that/as/省略which/that/as/省略定语whose状语地点原因whenwherewhy/as/as句子(非限制性从句)

which/aswhich/as介词+whom介词+whichas引导的定语从句1、引导限制性定语从句，构成thesame…as,such…as,as…as等结构。eg.Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.注意比较thesame…as和thesame…thateg.ThisisthesamebagasIlost.ThisisthesamebagthatIlost.as引导的定语从句2、引导非限制性定语从句，as可在定语从句中作主语、宾语，修饰整个主句，表“正如”，as引导的从句可放在主句之前或之后。eg.Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.Heisthebeststudentinourclass,asisknowntoall.which亦可引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语、宾语，修饰整个主句，但用于表示“这件事”，且只放于主句之后。eg.Hepassedtheexamthistime,whichmadehisteacherveryglad.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：1、限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开，译为“…的”。非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句不影响主句意思的完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，当做一个分句翻译，不能用关系代词that。2、先行词为表独一无二的普通名词和专有名词及句子必须用非限制性定语从句。eg.Ihavelostthepenmyfathergaveme.Ihavelostthepen,whichIlikeverymuch.eg.Hisfather,whojustcamebackfromtheUSA,boughthimalotofpresents.WilmabecamethefirstAmericanwomantowinthreeOlympicgoldmedalsintrack,whichmadehermotherveryproud.Hehasasisterwhoisanurse.Hehasasister,whoisanurse.他有一个当护士的姐姐。(他还有其他的姐姐)他有一个姐姐，是个护士。(只有一个姐姐)4、有时同一个定语从句可以是限制性的，又可以是非限制性的，但意义不同。3、限制性定语从句关系词作宾语时可省略;非限制性定语从句的关系词不可省略。1.先行词是不定代词all,little,much,any,few,everything,nothing,anything时。

2.先行词被all,any,every,no,little等词修饰。

3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰。4.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。只能用that不能用which的情况:5.先行词既有人又有物时。6.当主句是以who,which或where开头的特殊问句时。1.当关系代词前面有介词时：只能用which而不用that的情况：eg.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.eg.Imetalotofdifficulties,whichIhadnotexpected.Heborrowedallthebooks,whichhadpicturesinthem.

2.在非限制性定语从句中：1.当先行词是way,time时,定语从句中充当状语的引导词可以是that(adv.),inwhich或不用关系词。2.关系代词whose引导的定语从句常可以改用ofwhom或ofwhich结构。需注意的情况：Thisisthewayinwhichhedidthework.Thisistheway(that)hedidthework.Itistime(that)weshoulddoourhomework.Weheldameetingwhosepurposewasnotclear.Weheldameeting,thepurposeofwhichwasnotclear.the(only/very)oneofthe+可数名词复数3.oneofthe+可数名词复数4.先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指人时，用who不用that。+从句＋复数谓语+从句＋单数谓语SheisoneofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.Thisisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.Thosewhohelpyouintimeofneedarefriendsindeed.5.先行词表地点或时间,或者是reason时,定语从句用关系代词还是关系副词要看引导词在从句中充当的成分。eg.Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousethat(which)hevisitedlastyear.Istillrememberthedaysthatwespentinthecountryside20yearsago.IstillrememberthedayswhenIstayedthere.Haveyouaskedherforthereasonthatmayexplainforherabsence?Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewasabsent.定语从句与同位语从句:定语从句对名词起修饰及限制作用,而同位语从句用于阐述名词的具体内容。eg.Weweregladatthenewsthathetoldus.Weweregladatthenewsthatourteamwoninthematch.定语从句中的引导词必须在从句中充当一个成分，而同位语从句的引导词如果是that时，则不做任何成分。定语从句与状语从句:关键看句中是否存在先行词:IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputupwheretherehadbeenatheatre.(定语从句)(状语从句)so/such…that句型与so/such…as引导的定语从句关键看关系词是否在从句中作成分:Hereissuchabigstonethatnoonecanliftit.Hereissuchabigstoneasnoonecanlift.(that无成分，结果状语从句)(as充当lift的宾语，定语从句)定语从句与强调句型:关键是抓住强调句型的特点,去掉Itis(was)+that后,看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立,而在定语从句中引导词在从句中充当一定的句子成分。eg.Isitforthereasonthathewaslate?