工程管理专业英语unit 1

2023/11/51Vocabulary,PhrasesandExpressions2023/11/52projectparticipants：项目参与方sequentialprocessing：时序处理；顺序加工parallelprocessing：并行处理；多重处理staggeredprocessing：交叉处理；错列处理separationoforganizations：独立型组织integrationoforganizations：集约型组织owner-builderoperation：业主自行建造项目Turnkeyoperation：交钥匙项目2023/11/53matrixorganization：矩阵式组织形式projectorientedorganization：以项目为导向的组织anarchitectural/engineeringfirm：建筑/设计公司ageneralcontractor：总承包商specialtysubcontractors：专业分包商supervise：监理fieldinspectors：现场检查员fieldobservers：现场观察员2023/11/54shopdrawingsoffabrication：车间安装图constructionschemes：施工计划；施工安排designer-constructorsequence：设计施工顺序模式subcontract：分包合同qualityofconstruction：建筑质量constructionmanagement：施工管理designandconstructionalternatives：设计或施工的替代方案projectcostandschedule：项目的成本和进度2023/11/55procurementofmaterialandequipment：材料和设备的采购monthlypayments：月度付款costcenter：成本中心decision-making：决策on-goingprojects：在建项目engineeringdivision：工程设计部门operationsdivision：运营部门constructiondivision：施工部门2023/11/56outsidecontractors：外部承包商authorization：授权feasibilitystudyofaproject：项目可行性研究projectteam：项目团队performancespecifications：设计任务说明书；规范（规格说明书）liabilityduringconstruction：建设期债务debtservice：还本付息；偿债projectmanager：项目经理2023/11/57QuestionsandAnswers2023/11/581.

Whatarethemosttypicalwaystoposeaprojectintostages?Sequentialprocessingwherebytheprojectisdividedintoseparatestagesandeachstageiscarriedoutsuccessivelyinsequence.Parallelprocessingwherebytheprojectisdividedintoindependentpartssuchthatallstagesarecarriedoutsimultaneously.Staggeredprocessingwherebythestagesmaybeoverlapping,suchastheuseofphaseddesign-constructproceduresforfasttrackoperation.2023/11/592.Howmanyissuesareinvolvedinorganizationforprojectmanagement?Whatarethey?Thecriticalissuesinvolvedinorganizationforprojectmanagementare:Howmanyorganizationsareinvolved?Whataretherelationshipsamongtheorganizations?Whenarethevariousorganizationsbroughtintotheproject?2023/11/5103.Sayaboutthetwobasicapproachestoorganizationforprojectmanagement.Howthesebasicapproachedaredivided?Separationoforganizations.Numerousorganizationsserveasconsultantsorcontractorstotheowner,withdifferentorganizationshandlingdesignandconstructionfunctions.Integrationoforganizations.Asingleorjointventureconsistingofanumberoforganizationswithasinglecommandundertakesbothdesignandconstructionfunctions.2023/11/5114.What’sthematrixorganizationforthemanagementofconstructionprojects?Thearrangementisreferredtoasthematrixorganizationaseachprojectmanagermustnegotiateallresourcesfortheprojectfromtheexistingorganizationalframework.Eachprojectmaybestaffedbyexistingpersonnelinthefunctionaldivisionsoftheorganizationonanad-hocbasisasshowninFigure1untiltheprojectiscompleted.2023/11/5125.What’stheproject-orientedorganizationforthemanagementofconstructionprojects?Theorganizationmayconsistofasmallcentralfunctionalstafffortheexclusivepurposeofsupportingvariousprojects,eachofwhichhasitsfunctionaldivisions.Thisdecentralizedset-upisreferredtoastheprojectorientedorganizationaseachprojectmanagerhasautonomyinmanagingtheproject.2023/11/5136.Summarizetheorganizationalfeaturesthatarecharacteristicsofmega-projects.Theoverallorganizationalapproachfortheprojectwillchangeastheprojectadvances.Withintheoverallorganization,therewillprobablybefunctional,project,andmatrixsuborganizationsallatthesametime.Successfulgiant,complexorganizationsusuallyhaveastrongmatrix-typesuborganizationatthelevelwherebasiccostandschedulecontrolresponsibilityisassigned.Theextenttowhichdecision-makingwillbecentralizedordecentralizediscrucialtotheorganizationofthemega-project.2023/11/5147.Whyisitimportanttorecognizethechangingnatureoftheorganizationalstructureasaprojectiscarriedoutinvariousstages?Theoverallorganizationalapproachfortheprojectwillchangeastheprojectadvances.The"functional"organizationmaychangetoa"matrix"whichmaychangetoa"project"organization(notnecessarilyinthisorder).Withintheoverallorganization,therewillprobablybefunctional,project,andmatrixsuborganizationsallatthesametime.Thisfeaturegreatlycomplicatesthetheoryandthepracticeofmanagement,yetisessentialforoverallcosteffectiveness.So,itisimportanttorecognizethechangingnatureoftheorganizationalstructureasaprojectiscarriedoutinvariousstages.2023/11/5158.Whatorganizationisusedinmanagingtheowner-builderproject?Amatrixorganizationisusedinmanagingtheowner-builderproject.2023/11/5169.Theprojectmanageristhemostimportantpersonforthesuccessorfailureofaproject,why?Theprojectmanagerisresponsibleforplanning,organizingandcontrollingtheproject.Inturn,theprojectmanagerreceivesauthorityfromthemanagementoftheorganizationtomobilizethenecessaryresourcestocompleteaproject.2023/11/51710.Howtheprojectmanagergainsthesupportofhis/herteam?Formalauthorityresultingfromanofficialcapacitywhichisempoweredtoissueorders.Rewardand/orpenaltypowerresultingfromhis/hercapacitytodispensedirectlyorindirectl