译林版英语选修七新素养学案Unit2FitforlifeSectionⅠWeletotheunitReading-WarmingUpWord版含答案

我们都想有一个健康的生活方式，但是日常生活中的一些小细节却使我们的生活变得不那么健康了。Isyourlifestylehealthy?Theremaybemanylittleandmonhabitsthatcanendangeryourdailylife.Doyouhavethefollowingunhealthylifehabits?LyingWhetheryou’repraisingyourbestfriend’sunflattering(有损形象的，不敢恭维的)hairstyleor“improving”onthecostofyournewdesignershoes,youtellsmallliesfromtimetotime.However,accordingtoresearch,thoselittlewhiteliescouldbemoreharmfulthanyouthink.Lyingcanproducefeelingsofstresswhicharedamagingyourhealth，andastudybyresearchersattheUniversityofNotreDamefoundthatwhenpeoplereducedtheamountofliestheytold,theysufferedfromlessheadaches，sorethroatsandanxiety.EatingatyourdeskIfyou’rehavingabusydayinwork,itcanbetemptingtoskip(跳过，不做)yourlunchbreakandeatatyourdesk.However，missingoutonbreaksisnotonlybadforyourstresslevels,eatingwhendistracted(分心)mayalsomeanyouaremorelikelytoovereat.Furthermore，spendingyourlunchhouratyourdeskcanlengthenthetimeyouarephysicallyinactiveandalsoexposeyoutoharmfulbacteria.AccordingtoastudybytheUniversityofArizona,yourworkstationcontainsnearly400timesmoregermsthantheaveragetoiletseat，makingitalessthanidealplacefordining.UsingcashmachinesWithdrawingmoneyfromATMmachinesisamonhabitformostofus.However,cleanlinesstestsinBritainhaverevealedthatcashmachinesarejustasdirtyaspublictoilets，andmanyofusarefailingtowashourhandsafterusingthem.Expertsassessedswabs(药棉棒)fromthekeypadsoncashmachinesandalsofromnearbypublictoiletsandfoundthattheybothcontainedthesametypesofbacteriaknowntocausesickness.Tolookafteryourhealth,useanantibacterial(抗菌的)handsolutiononceyouhavemadeyourwithdrawal(取款)andafterhandlingmoney.SectionⅠWeletotheunit&Reading—WarmingUpeq\a\vs4\al([基础词汇])1．surgeonn． 外科医师2．chewvi.&vt. 咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃3．vitaladj. 对……极重要的，必不可少的4．potentialn. 可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能adj. 潜在的，可能的5．massadj. 大规模的；数量极多的n. 一团，一堆；许多；(物理)质量6．sicknessn. 疾病；恶心，呕吐7．symptomn. 症状；征兆eq\a\vs4\al([拓展词汇])8．revolutionn．巨变，大变革；革命；旋转，天体运行→revolutionaryadj.革命的n.革命者9．countern．柜台；计数器；反驳vt.反驳；抵制，抵消→countv．计算；视为；依赖；重要n.计数；总数10．beneficialadj.有益的，有用的→benefitn．利益；津贴；保险金vt.有益于11．possessvt.拥有，具有→possessionn．拥有；财产；所有12．circulatevi.&vt.循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅→circulationn.循环；传播13．abnormaladj.不正常的，反常的→normaladj.(反义词)正常的14．astonishvt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishedadj.吃惊的→astonishingadj.令人吃惊的→astonishmentn．惊讶；令人惊讶的事物15．applicationn．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷→applyvt.申请；涂；应用16．unableadj.不能，无法→ableadj.(反义词)能，能够17．effectiveadj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的→effectn.影响，效果18．approvaln．批准，通过；赞成，同意→approvev．批准，通过；赞成，同意19．acceleratevt.&vi.(使)加速，加快→accelerationn．加速，加快20．bleedvi.流血，失血→bleedingadj.出血的；悲痛的n.流血1．focuson 集中于2．openup 打开；开拓3．intheformof 以……形式4．carryout 执行，实施5．tryout 测试，试验；参加选拔6．inlargequantities 大量地7．pickout 挑选出8．byaccident 偶然地1．if省略句Haveyoueverseenadoctor?Ifso,whathappened?你曾经看过医生吗？如果看过的话，发生了什么事情？2．强调句型Itwasin1897thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmannproducedaspirinfromthischemical.1897年一个叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师用这种化学物质制成了阿司匹林。3．部分倒装Notonlyhasaspirinprovedvitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain,buttherearealsootherthingsthataspirincanhelpwith.阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。4．that引导的同位语从句LawrenceCraven,adoctorfromtheUSA,introducedtheideain1953thataspirinhadthepotentialtoreducetheriskofheartattacks,becauseithelpedthebloodcirculatebetter.美国医生劳伦斯·克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血液循环。5．不定式短语作真正的主语Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead,whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem.令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着这种霉杀死了它们。6．虚拟语气Ifpenicillinhadnotbeenavailable,manypeoplewouldhavediedfromsicknessorevensmallwounds.如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Scanthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whenwasaspirinfirstsoldasatablet?________________________________________________________________________答案：In1900.2．WhatdidFleming,FloreyandChainshare?________________________________________________________________________答案：TheNobelPrize.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Famousdoctors.B．Howpenicillinandaspirinwereinvented.C．Aspirinandpenicillin.D．Howtokeephealthy.2．Whichofthefollowingisconsideredtobethetimewhenaspirinwasinvented?A．3，500yearsago. B．2，500yearsago.C．1897. D．1899.3．WhichofthefollowingcanNOTaspirinbeusedfor?A．Keepingquiet. B．Painkilling.C．Curingdiabetes. D．Reducingheartattacks.4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Penicillincankeeppeoplehealthybythinningtheirblood.B．Aspirincansavelivesbykillingbacteria.C．Aspirinwasdiscoveredbyaccident.D．Penicillinwasdiscoveredbychance.答案：1－4.CCADeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Readthetextcarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whatotherthingscanaspirinhelpwithbesidesreducingfeverandpain?________________________________________________________________________答案：Itcanalsohelpreducetheriskofheartattacksbythinningblood,preventastroke,reducetheriskofsomecancers,increasethelengthofpeople'slivesandhelpwithdiabetes.2．WheredidAlexanderFlemingfindpenicillin?________________________________________________________________________答案：Inthemouldthatkilledbacteria.3．Whatillnesscanpenicillinbeusedtotreat?________________________________________________________________________答案：Itcanbeusedtotreatillnessescausedbybacteria.4．WhywereFleming,FloreyandChaingiventheNobelPrizeinMedicinein1945?________________________________________________________________________答案：BecauseFlemingdiscoveredpenicillinandtheothersturneditintothegreatdrugwhichsavedmillionsoflives.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Itwasin1897thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmannproducedaspirinfromthischemical.eq\a\vs4\al()这是一个强调句。强调时间状语in1897；calledDrFelixHoffmann是过去分词短语作____________。[尝试翻译]_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：定语；1897年一个叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师用这种化学物质制成了阿司匹林。2．Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead,whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem.eq\a\vs4\al()这是一个主从复合句。主句是Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead；It是____________，不定式短语作真正的主语；surroundingthemoulddead是分词短语作补语；whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem是____________从句；其中thatthemouldhadkilledthem是that引导的宾语从句。[尝试翻译]令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉__________________，这意味着__________________。答案：形式主语；非限制性定语；周围的细菌都死了；这种霉杀死了它们Twolife­saving①medicinesThisarticlewillfocuson②twodrugsthatstartedrevolutions③inmedicine④.Ifyouopenup⑤anymedicinecupboard⑥orgotoanymedicinecounter⑦intheworld,itislikelythat⑧youwillfindaspirin⑨andpenicillin⑩.Bothofthesemedicineshavesavedmillionsofpeople’slives⑪andhaveprovedbeneficial⑫tomankindsincetheywereinvented.AspirinAspirinwasinventedin1897.However,thebasicchemicalusedtomakeaspirin⑬canbefoundinnature.Nearly3，500yearsago,peoplechewed⑭onleavesordrankakindofteamadefromleaves⑮possessing⑯aspecialchemical⑰toreducebodypainsandfever.About2，500yearsago,theGreek⑱physician⑲Hippocrates,fatherofalldoctors,madeajuicefromatreebarkcontainingsalicylicacid⑳forthesameeffect.Itwasin1897thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmannproducedaspirinfromthischemical.Thefirsttrialsofthismedicinetookplacein1899,whenthepanyHoffmannworkedforbegandistributingthemedicineinpowderformtophysicianstousewithpatients.Ayearlater,in1900,aspirinwassoldinshopsintheformoftablets.Withinashorttime,aspirinbecamethebest­sellingmedicineintheworldforpainrelief.①life­saving['laIfseIvIŋ]adj.救命的，救生的②focuson/upon集中(注意力、精力)于③revolution[ˌrevə'luːʃn]n.巨变，大变革；革命；旋转，天体运行④that引导定语从句，修饰twodrugs。⑤openup打开⑥cupboard['kʌbəd]n.橱柜；食物柜；衣柜⑦counter['kaʊntə(r)]n.柜台；计数器；反驳vt.反驳；抵制，抵消⑧itislikelythat可能……⑨aspirin['æsprIn]n.阿司匹林⑩penicillin[ˌpenI'sIlIn]n.盘尼西林，青霉素⑪saveone’slife救某人的命⑫beneficial[ˌbenI'fIʃl]adj.有益的，有用的bebeneficialto对……有用⑬过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰chemical。⑭chew[tʃuː]vi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃⑮过去分词短语作tea的后置定语。⑯possess[pə'zes]vt.拥有，具有⑰现在分词短语作leaves的后置定语。⑱Greekn．希腊人adj.希腊的；希腊语的⑲physiciann．医师；内科医师surgeonn．外科医生⑳salicylicacid[ˌsælIˌsIlIk'æsId]n.水杨酸acid['æsId]n.酸，酸性物质adj.酸的，酸性的；酸味的；尖酸的现在分词短语作atreebark的后置定语。Itwas...that...是强调句型，在此强调时间状语in1897。trial试验，试用takeplace发生(无被动语态)in...form/intheformof...以……形式tablet['tæblət]n.药片；丸best­selling[ˌbest'selIŋ]adj.畅销的eq\a\vs4\al()两种挽救生命的药物这篇文章将着重讲述两种在医学上引起巨变的药物。倘若你打开世界上的任何一个药柜，或者走到任何一个卖药的柜台，都可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。自这两种药被发明以来，它们已经挽救了数百万人的性命，并已证实对人类有益。阿司匹林阿司匹林发明于1897年。但是，用于制造阿司匹林的基本化学物质却可在自然界中找到。将近3500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛和退烧。大约2500年前，医生之父——古希腊医师希波克拉底就用一种树皮制成汁，这种汁含有水杨酸，也有同样的功效。1897年一个叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师用这种化学物质制成了阿司匹林。对该药进行的首批试验发生在1899年。当时，霍夫曼供职的公司开始将这种药以粉末形式分发给医师，在病人身上使用。一年之后，即1900年，阿司匹林被制成药片在药店出售。很快，阿司匹林成了世界上最畅销的止痛药。Notonlyhasaspirinprovedvitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain,buttherearealsootherthingsthataspirincanhelpwith.LawrenceCraven,adoctorfromtheUSA,introducedtheideain1953thataspirinhadthepo­tentialtoreducetheriskofheartattacks,becauseithelpedthebloodcirculatebetter.Thereportwasignored.However,in1971,SmithandWillisfromtheUKprovedthataspirincouldhavethateffect,andin1977astudycar­riedoutintheUSAshowedthataspirincouldpreventstrokes,aswell.Elevenyearslater,DrThunfromtheUSAshowedthataspirincouldreducetheriskofsomecancersby40percent.In1999,aspirinwasover100yearsold,andyettherehavebeenmorediscoveriesabouthowitcanhelpincreasethelengthofpeople’slives.In2003,aChinesedoctor,DrYuanMinsheng,foundthataspirincouldreducebloodsugarlevelsand,therefore,helppeoplewithdiabetes.vital['vaItl]adj.对……极重要的，必不可少的Itisvitalthat...(should)do...从句用虚拟语气。notonly...butalso...连接并列分句，notonly...位于句首时，该分句用部分倒装结构。that引导定语从句，修饰otherthings。that引导同位语从句。potential[pə'tenʃl]n.可能性，潜在性；潜能，潜力adj.潜在的，可能的havethepotentialtodosth.有做某事的可能heartattackn．心脏病发作circulate['sɜːkjəleIt]vi.&vt.循环；传播过去分词短语作astudy的后置定语。stroke[strəʊk]n.中风，脑溢血；(打、击等)一下vt.轻抚，抚摸表示增加或减少的百分比时要用介词by;表示增加或减少到多少的时候，要用介词to。how引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。bloodsugarn．血糖diabetes[ˌdaIə'biːtiːz]n.糖尿病eq\a\vs4\al()阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。美国医生劳伦斯·克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血液循环。该报告并未引起人们的注意。但是，1971年，英国医生史密斯和威利斯证实阿司匹林的确有此功效。1977年，美国的一项研究表明，阿司匹林还能预防中风。11年后，美国医生图恩证明，阿司匹林可以使某些癌症的发病率降低40%。到1999年，阿司匹林已有一百多年的历史，但是在它如何能够帮助延年益寿方面仍然有更多的发现。2003年，中国医生袁敏生发现，阿司匹林可以降低血糖水平，从而帮助糖尿病患者。PenicillinAnotherdrugthathashelpedincreasethestandardofpeople’shealthispenicillin,whichisconsideredbymanytobeoneofthemostimportantmedicinesincontemporarysociety.ItwasdiscoveredbyaScottishscientistnamedAlexanderFlemingin1928.Henotedthatadishinwhichhewastryingtogrowbacteriaforanexperimentlookedabnormal—therewasbluemouldinit.Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead,whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem.Flemingtriedthismouldoutonanotherbacteriumandfoundthatitkilledthebacteriumtoo.Heimmediatelyrealizedthatthemouldmighthaveanapplicationintreatingillnessescausedbybacteria.Henamedtheliquidmadefromthemould‘penicillin’.However,thedevelopmentofpenicillinasadrugfacedtwoproblems.First,hewasunabletofindaproceduretomakepenicillinpureenoughtoworkasamedicine.Second,itwasdifficulttoproducepenicillinintheamplequantitiesneededtobeeffective.In1940,twootherscientists,HowardFlorey(Australian)andErnstChain(German­bornEnglish),helpedsolvetheseproblems,andmanagedtomakeandtestthenewdruginlargequantities.SincethenewdrugwasneededforWorldWarⅡ,thegovernmentapprovalprocessforpenicillinwasaccelerated,andmassproductionbeganin1944.Duetothewidespreaduseofpenicillin,manylivesweresavedduringthewar.Ifpenicillinhadnotbeenavailable,manypeoplewouldhavediedfromsicknessorevensmallwounds.Penicillinbecamethegreatestdrugofthe20thcentury,savingmillionsoflives.In1945,thethreescientists,Fleming,FloreyandChain,sharedtheNobelPrizeinMedicinefortheirwork.that引导定语从句，修饰drug。contemporaryadj.当代的which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰penicillin。abnormal[æb'nɔːml]adj.不正常的，反常的(ab­为否定前缀)inwhich引导定语从句，修饰adish，此时相当于关系副词where。mould[məʊld]n.霉，霉菌astonish[ə'stɒnIʃ]vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊tryout测试，试验；参加选拔try...outon在……上试验某物application[ˌæplI'keIʃn]n.应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹haveanapplicationindoingsth.在做某事方面有用途unable[ʌn'eIbl]adj.不能，无法beunabletodo不能做workas充当，担当inquantity大量effective[I'fektIv]adj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的managetodo设法做成since引导原因状语从句。approval[ə'pruːvl]n.批准，通过；赞成，同意accelerate[ək'seləreIt]vt.&vi.(使)加速，加快mass[mæs]adj.大规模的n．一团，一堆；许多；(物理)质量massproductionn．批量生产dueto由于(在此处作状语)diefrom死于(外因)dieof死于(内因)sickness['sIknəs]n.疾病；恶心，呕吐与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，从句谓语用haddone，主句谓语用would/could/might/shouldhavedone。现在分词短语作结果状语。theNobelPrizeinMedicine诺贝尔医学奖theNobelPrizeinLiterature诺贝尔文学奖eq\a\vs4\al()青霉素另外一种帮助人们提高健康水平的药物是青霉素。许多人认为这种药是当代社会最重要的药物之一。它是由一名叫亚历山大·弗莱明的苏格兰科学家于1928年发现的。为了做实验，他试图在一个碟子中培育细菌，他注意到这个碟子看起来有些异常——它里面有蓝色的霉。令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着这种霉杀死了它们。弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。他立刻意识到这种霉或许能用于治疗由细菌引起的疾病。他将由这种霉制成的液体命名为“青霉素”。然而，青霉素的药物研发面临两个难题。首先，他难以找到一种方法来提纯药用的青霉素。其次，有效所需的青霉素也难以足量生产。在1940年，另外两位科学家霍华德·弗洛里(澳大利亚人)和恩斯特·钱恩(在德国出生的英国人)帮助解决了这些问题，成功地大量制造和测试这种新药物。由于这种新药为第二次世界大战所需，政府审批青霉素的流程得以加快，并且于1944年大批量生产。正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间的很多生命得以挽救。如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。青霉素挽救了无数人的性命。成为20世纪最了不起的药物。由于他们的工作成果，这三名科学家，弗莱明、弗洛里和钱恩于1945年共同获得了诺贝尔医学奖。A卷[学生用书P101(单独成册)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解AGrowingupinmyhouseholdmeantoftenhearinglivemusic.WhenIwassixyearsold,ItookatraditionalIrishstepdanceclassIfellinloveandstuckwithitforthenextsevenyears.DuringthattimemyfatheralsobecamemoreinvolvedintheIrishmusicworld,sohewouldplay,andIwoulddance.Myethnicheritage(族裔归属)isGermanandIrish,butbecauseIwassurroundedbytraditionalIrishmusicanddanceinmyhome,IhavegrowntobemoreinterestedinandconnectedtomyIrishheritage.WhenIstartedinterning(实习)fortheFolklifeFestival,IbecameinterestedintraditionalBasquemusicanddanceandIlearnedthattheirexperiencewithdanceisverysimilartomyown.Therearesofarover170Basqueorganizationsin24countries,withagreaterpopulationofBasquesoutsideoftheBasquecountrythaninit.Theseparationtheyexperiencefromtheirhomelandisbothphysicalandpsychological,sobeingpartofagroupwiththesameinterestsisanimportantsocialsupportsystem.TheseorganizationscontributetothecontinuationofBasqueculture,language,andmunity,andencouragefuturegenerationstolearnabouttheirethnicheritage.Oneofthewaystheyachievethisisthroughdance.WhilelearningandperformingBasquedances,theyconnecttotheirheritage,experienceapartoftheirhomeland,preserveBasqueculture,andcreateconnectionsandfriendshipsthatlastalifetime.CalifornianValerieArrecheabeganteachingalongsideherfatherattheageofthirteenandonherownatsixteen.Forher,danceisherpreferredexpressionofheritage;itprovidesawaytobeproudofherBasqueheritage.ThedanceperformancesofNorthAmericanBasqueorganizationshavedevelopedtheinterestofnon­BasqueAmericansaswell.JanetIribarnefromtheBasqueDancersexplainedthattheirorganizationisopentoanyone,andafterseeinghergroupperform,severalofhernon­BasquefriendshavedevelopedtheirownloveofBasquetraditionsaswell.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一次实习中接触到了巴斯克传统音乐和舞蹈并了解到：它们不仅带给巴斯克裔美国人民族认同感，由此建立的友谊也使他们终生难忘。1．Whatisthereasonfortheauthor’spreferenceforIrishdance?A．Herdanceteacher.B．HerloveofIrishmusic.C．Herinterningexperience.D．Herfamily’sstrongrootindance.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的becauseIwassurroundedby...tomyIrishheritage可知，作者喜欢爱尔兰舞蹈是源于家庭氛围的熏陶。2．WhatdoweknowaboutBasquepeople?A．Mostofthemliveabroad.B．Theircultureisbeinglost.C．Theyliveinpoorconditions.D．Theirpopulationisincreasing.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的withagreaterpopulationofBasquesoutsideoftheBasquecountrythaninit可知，大多数巴斯克人生活在国外。3．WhatisthepurposeofBasqueorganizations?A．TohelpBasquesinneed.B．TopreserveBasqueculture.C．ToprovidemedicaltreatmentforBasques.D．TosupportoverseasBasquechildrenforeducation.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的TheseorganizationscontributetothecontinuationofBasqueculture,language,andmunity,andencouragefuturegenerationstolearnabouttheirethnicheritage.可知，这些巴斯克组织旨在保护、传承传统文化。4．What’snon­BasqueAmericans’attitudetowardsBasquedance?A．Theyshownointerestinit.B．Theyfinditdifficulttolearn.C．Theyareenthusiasticaboutit.D．Theyareconcernedaboutitsfuture.C解析：观点态度题。根据末段中的ThedanceperformancesofNorthAmericanBasqueorganizationshavedevelopedtheinterestofnon­BasqueAmericansaswell.可知，其他美国人对巴斯克舞蹈很感兴趣。BRecently,apaintingofactressElizabethTaylor,whichwasdrawnbyAmericanartistandfilmmakerAndyWarhol,soldforU．S.D|S63million.Anothersimpleblack­and­whiteimageofaCoca­ColabottlesoldforU．S.D|S35million.Buttheall­timerecordforaWarholpaintingisD|S100millionforapiecetitledEightElvises.What’samazingisnotthatthepiecessoldforsomuch,butthefactthattheyarenotwhatyouwouldcalltraditionalart.Theyare“popart”，basedonsimpleimagesofthingsandpeoplefromadvertising,movies,musicandday­to­daylife.Borninthe1920s,Warholgrewupmostlyseparatedfromotherchildrendueto(由于)healthproblems.Hespentalotofhistimealonedrawingandthenwentontostudyartincollege.Hebeganhiscareerasamercial(商业的)artist,creatingpicturesformagazinearticlesandnewspaperads.ThatinspiredhimtoexperimentwithpopartandhehostedAmerica’sfirstpopartexhibitioninthe1960s.Theshowmetwithalotofdiscussionwithsomepeoplesayingthatwhathewasdoingwasnotart.Warholfollowedhisfirstworkswithaseriesweareallfamiliarwith—paintingsofCoca­Colabottles,Brillosoappadboxes,andportraits(肖像)offamouspeople.Soonafter,Warholstoppedcreatinghisownartwork.Instead,hehadassistantsandotherartistscreatethemathisstudiocalled“TheFactory”.Warholwantedtoshowtheworldthatartdoesn’thavetobeplexororiginal;itcanbecreatedbyanyoneusingordinarythings.Today,Warhol’sworkisunmistakableinitsuniqueness.Nomatterhowyoumayfeelabouthiswork,onethingcannotbeargued.Heintroducedtheworldtoawholenewartform,inspiringfuturegenerationsofartists,andeventuallybeingoneofthemostfamousandsuccessfulpopartartistsintheworld.【解题导语】本文主要讲了一位艺术家AndyWarhol，他创造了流行艺术，并且他举办了第一个流行艺术展。他想告诉人们，艺术没有必要很复杂，很创新，它可以由任何人用普通的东西创造出来。5．Duringhischildhood,Warhol________．A．drewpicturesformagazinesB．alwayslivedalonelylifeC．showednointerestinartD．likedtopaintanddanceB解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Borninthe1920s,Warholgrewupmostlyseparatedfromotherchildrendueto(由于)healthproblems.Hespentalotofhistimealonedrawingandthenwentontostudyartincollege.”可知，因为身体原因，他只能独自待着，不能与其他人接触，所以他童年很孤独。所以选B。6．Callinghisstudio“TheFactory”，Warholtriedtoshow________．A．hisstudiowasasbigasafactoryB．popartisdifferentfromtraditionalartC．artistsprefertoworkinafactoryD．artshouldbesimpleandeasytoproduceD解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Warholwantedtoshowtheworldthatartdoesn’thavetobeplexororiginal;itcanbecreatedbyanyoneusingordinarythings.”可知，他取名工厂，是想告诉人们艺术也可以很简单、很容易被创作出来。所以选D。7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AndyWarhol’sWorldofPopArtB．WomeninthePopArtMovementC．AFunPop­artSelf­portraitforKidsD．PopularPaintingsbyAndyWarholA解析：标题归纳题。这篇文章主要讲了AndyWarhol创造的流行艺术。所以选A。CPetrolanddieselcarsmaystilldominateourroads，buttheirdaysarenumbered.Arecentuniversitystudyfoundthatcurrentelectriccarscouldbeusedfor87percentofdailycarjourneysintheU．S.Thatfigurecouldriseto98percentby2020.Onehurdletothewidespreadadoptionofelectriccarshasbeen“rangeanxiety”—drivers’concernsaboutrunningoutofjuiceonajourney.Whilepetrolstationsareconvenientlylocatedacrossnationalroadsystems，thenecessarynetworkofelectricchargingstationsisstillbeingdeveloped.Thatsaid，chargingpointsarebeingincreasinglymonthroughouttheU．S.A.Attitudestowardselectricvehicleshavechangedquiteconsiderablyoverthelastfewyears.Notthatlongago，electriccarsweremetwithdistrust，andtheirlargepricetagsdrovecustomersaway.Thankstoimprovementsinbatterycapacity，rechargingtimes，performanceandprice，thecurrentgenerationofelectriccarsisstartingtopersuadecritics.Plug­incarswillsoongiveinternalbustionenginemodelsarunfortheirmoney.Aswellasadvancementsontheroad，electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseasandskies.Electricboatsareamongtheoldestmethodsofelectrictravel，havingenjoyedseveraldecadesofpopularityfromthelate19thtotheearly20thcenturybeforepetrol­poweredoutboardmotorstookover.Now，theglobaldriveforrenewableenergysourcesisbringingelectricboatsback.Stepstowardselectricairtravelarealsobeingmade，withAirbusandNASAamongtheorganizationsdevelopingandtestingbatterypoweredplanes.Theexperimentscouldsoonmakemercialelectricflightareality.Electricvehiclesdonotproduceanyemissions.WeretheU．S.toactonthestudy’sfindingsandreplace87percentofitscarswithelectricvehicles，itwouldreducethenationaldemandforpetrolby61percent.However，becauseoftheproductionprocessesandthegenerationofelectricityrequiredtochargethesevehicles，theycannotclaimtobepletelyemission­free.Thatsaid，asmanycountriescontinuetoincreasetheiruseofrenewableenergysources，electricvehicleswillbeeevencleaner.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。8．Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．MyDreamCarB．HistoryofElectricCarsC．ProblemswithPetrolCarsD．DrivingintotheFutureD解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。D项“驶向未来”形象地概括了文章的主旨，故选D项。9．AsusedinParagraph2，theunderlinedword“hurdle”means“________”．A．aim B．barrierC．consequence D．stepB解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“drivers’concernsaboutrunningoutofjuiceonajourney”可知，司机担心在路上没电的问题。因此，这是电动汽车普及的一个障碍，故选B项。10．Inthepast，whydidmanypeoplerefusetobuytheelectriccars?A．Theywerenotgoodvalue.B．Theywereverypoorlymade.C．Theywerenotwidelypromoted.D．Theycouldn’ttravelatahighspeed.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Notthatlongago，electriccarsweremetwithdistrust，andtheirlargepricetagsdrovecustomersaway.”可知，人们是被当时这种电动汽车的价格吓跑的；根据该段中的“Thankstoimprovementsinbatterycapacity，rechargingtimes，performanceandprice，thecurrentgenerationofelectriccarsisstartingtopersuadecritics.”可知，随着电池容量、可充电次数的增加、汽车性能的改善和价格的优化，这一代电动汽车已经开始吸引消费者购买了。这说明以前的电动汽车在各方面还不够完善，人们认为不值那个价钱。故选A项。11．WhatisthefunctionofParagraph4?A．Tointroducethehistoryofelectrictravel.B．Toexplainwhytheworldneedsmoreelectriccars.C．Toshowwhymorepeoplehaveinterestinelectriccars.D．Todescribedifferentwayselectricvehiclescanbeused.D解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseasandskies”可知，除了在公路上，其他地方也可以使用电动交通工具。故选D项。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七选五Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld’sgreatestinventions.Itwas，forexample，thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoins，peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.1.________Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.2．________In1，200B．C.，peopleinChinabegantouseshells(贝壳)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances，andallowedfortradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention，manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.3.________Thenextdevelopmentwasin1，000B．C.，whenChinastartedmakingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn’tlongbeforetheChinesemaderouBy500B．C.，metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece，andlaterintheRomanEmpire.About1，000yearslater，leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina，andin806A．D.，thefirstpaperbanknoteswerA．Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.B．However，aseconomiesdeveloped，suchexchangesbecameimpractical.C．ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.D．Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.E．Astimewentby，tradebetweencountriesincreased.F．Duringthattime，forexample，buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.G．Theveryfirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstringthemtogether.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要按照时间顺序讲述了中国和世界上其他国家货币发展的历史。1．F解析：根据空前的“peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling”及空后的“Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.”可知，此处主要讲的是“物物交换”，F项中的“buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes”是“物物交换”的一个例子，符合上下文文意，故选F项。2．B解析：本文第一段讲的是“物物交换”；根据空后的“In1，200B．C.peopleinChinabegantouseshells(贝壳)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.”可知，第二段讲的是“贝壳作为货币使用”，故此空的作用是承上启下。B项中的“suchexchanges”与第一段最后一句中的“Thisexchange”相呼应，且B项中的“However”以及“impractical”表明“物物交换”有局限性，所以出现了更加方便携带的贝壳货币，符合上下文文意，故选B项。3．D解析：根据第二段内容及空前的“manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame”可知，许多其他国家也开始这样做了。“todothesame”指的就是“也开始用贝壳作为买卖的货币”，故D项“他们也使用小贝壳作为货币进行买卖”符合上下文文意，故选D项。4．G解析：根据空前的“Itwasn’tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.”可知，中国出现了金属制成的圆形钱币；根据空后的“By500B．C.metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece，andlaterintheRomanEmpire.”可知，到公元前500年这种金属钱币开始在其他国家出现。故空处应是解释这种金属钱币在其他国家出现的原因。故选G项“这种首次出现的钱币上通常有孔以便人们把它们串起来”。5．C解析：根据空前的“thefirstpaperbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople”可知，此处讲到了纸币首先由中国人创造，故C项“很多年后纸币才出现在欧洲”与此处衔接紧密，故选C项。B卷[学生用书P103(单独成册)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解(2019·成都高二月考)Flauberthaditthat“onewayoftoleratingexistenceistoloseoneselfinliteratureasinanunendingparty”.Itturnsoutthatreadingdoesn’tonlyhelpustotolerateexistence,butactuallylengthensit.Arecentstudy