人教版英语选修九新素养讲义Unit4Exploringplants3Unit4SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguageUsingLanguageWord版含答案

SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguageeq\a\vs4\al(1．)lowervt. 降低；跌落；减弱eq\a\vs4\al(2．)dulladj. 不鲜明的；阴暗的eq\a\vs4\al(3．)fragrantadj. 芬芳的；香的eq\a\vs4\al(4．)typicaladj. 典型的；有代表性的eq\a\vs4\al(5．)attachvt. 附着；系上；附加；缚上eq\a\vs4\al(6．)monumentn. 纪念碑eq\a\vs4\al(7．)pyramidn. 金字塔eq\a\vs4\al(8．)delicateadj. 精巧的；脆弱的；微妙的eq\a\vs4\al(9．)stringn. 线；细绳；一串eq\a\vs4\al(10．)ripeadj. 熟的；成熟的11．postponevt. 推迟；拖延12．rotv. 腐烂；腐败13．irrigationn. 灌溉14．evolvevt.&vi. 进化；演变；发展；进展15．beardn. 胡须1．attach...to．.. 把……系到……上； 贴上；附上2．giveout 发出(气味、热等)；分发3．adaptto 适应……4．reward...with．.. 以……回报……5．rotaway 腐烂掉eq\a\vs4\al(1．)Forexample，yellowflowersattractbees，whileredflowersattractbutterflies.例如，黄花吸引蜜蜂，而红花吸引蝴蝶。2．...usuallythenectarisattheendofasmall，narrowtubewhoselengthisthesameasthetongueofaparticularspecies.……花粉通常在狭小的花管子里的末端，其长度与特定花粉传播者的舌头相当。ReadthepassageandtellthefollowingstatementsTrue(T)orFalse(F)．eq\a\vs4\al(1．)Mostoftheanimalpollinatorshaveevolvedaheadofthefloweringplants.()eq\a\vs4\al(2．)Throughevolution，flies，wasps，beetlesandotheranimalssuchasbeesandmothshavebeelessmon.()3．Thepollinatorschoosethetypesofflowersaccordingtothefeaturesofthemsuchasthecolour，shape，andsmell.()答案：1－3.FFTOvertime，manyfloweringplantsandtheiranimalpollinatorshaveevolvedtogether.许多开花的植物长期以来是和它们的动物传粉媒介一起发展的。①MaizeevolvedfromawildgrassinMexico.玉米是由墨西哥的一种野草进化而来的。[自我探究]evolve是动词，意为进化，发展，演变。eq\a\vs4\al()evolvefromsth. 由某物/从某物进化而来evolveintosth. 逐渐形成某物evolutionn. 进化，演变evolutionaryadj. 进化的，演变的②Eachschoolmustevolveitsownwayofworking.每个必须形成自己的办学模式。③Thethreespeciesevolvedfromasingleancestor.这三种生物从同一祖先进化而来。④Doyouknowtheevolutionofthesteamship?你知道蒸汽船的演变吗？[巧学活用]——完成句子达尔文认为我们人是从类人猿进化来的。Darwinbelievedthat________________________．答案：wehumanbeingsevolvedfromtheapePollenbeesattachedtotheanimalduringitsvisittoaflowerandisthenpassedontoanotherplant’sblossomonitsnextvisit.动物接触一朵花后，花粉就附着在它的身上，动物接触下一种植物的花时，就把这些花粉传到花朵上。①However，Ithinksometimesweattachtoomuchimportancetoourphonessothatweignoreourfriends.然而，我认为有时候我们太重视而忽略了我们的朋友。②Heattachedalabeltohistrunk.他给大皮箱贴上了标签。[自我探究]attach是动词，意为缚上；系上；附加，常与介词to连用，意为把……贴上，附上。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)attachsth.tosth. 把……固定；把……附(在……上)attachimportance/significance/valuetosth. 重视，认为……有重要性 (或意义、价值、分量等)attachoneselftosb. 依附某人beattachedto 依恋；属于；加入；隶属于attachtosb. 与某人相关联；归功于某人(2)attachmentn. 附着，附属；依恋③Iattachgreatimportancetothisresearch.我认为这项研究十分重要。④Noblameattachestoyouinthisaffair.这件事不怪你。[巧学活用]——完成句子(1)当我们初学外语的时候，我们应该特别重视正确的发音。Weshould________________________________whenfirstlearningaforeignlanguage.(2)他们已经在协议上附加了一些条件。Theyhave__________________________theagreement.答案：(1)attachprimaryimportancetocorrectpronunciation(2)attachedanumberofconditionstoSmell：strong，sweetperfume，typicallyonlygivenoutatnight.气味：浓烈的香味，典型的香甜味，典型之处只是在夜晚散发。①Pleasehelpmegiveoutthesetestpapers.请帮我分发这些试卷。②Thecoalbegantogiveout.煤用光了。[自我探究]giveout是动词和副词组成的动词短语，意为分发，用光(用尽)。eq\a\vs4\al()giveout主要有以下两个意思：(1)分发，发出(气味、热等)。(2)当意为“用光，用尽，筋疲力尽”时，是不及物动词的短语，相当于runout；如果后面接宾语，就要用runoutof或useup。③Howardgaveoutdrinkstohisguests.霍华德把饮料分给来宾。④Theygaveoutadleafletstothecustomers.他们向顾客散发广告传单。⑤Ourfoodsuppliesaregivingout/runningout.我们的食物快要吃光了。⑥Weareusingup/runningoutofourmoney.我们的钱快要花光了。Forexample，yellowflowersattractbees，whileredflowersattractbutterflies.例如，黄花吸引蜜蜂，而红花吸引蝴蝶。①Tomisverygoodatscience,whilehisbrotherisabsolutelyhopeless.汤姆擅长理科，然而他的弟弟绝对是无可救药。[自我探究]while为连词，连接两个分句，意为而，然而，表示对比或转折，while位于两个分句之间。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，此时，谓语动词用延续性的。(2)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。(3)表示条件，意为“只要”，其意思和用法相当于aslongas或if。②Hecaughtacoldwhile(hewas)onvacation.他度假时患了感冒。③WhileIagreewithyourreason，Ican’tallowit.尽管我同意你的理由，但我不允许这样做。④Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.只要有水和空气，就有生命。⑤Whilethereislife，thereishope.留得生命在，不怕没希望。[巧学活用]——完成句子尽管我承认他并不完美，但我确实喜欢这个人。________________Iacceptthatheisnotperfect，Idoactuallyliketheperson.答案：While课时作业11eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．Thedeer____________(low)itsheadtodrinkfromthepond.答案：lowered2．Theapples____________(ripe)toperfection.答案：wereripened3．____________(irrigate)isneededtomakecropsgrowindryregions.答案：Irrigation4．The____________(typically)familymayremainonechild，butsomechildlessandonlyconsistingofamanandawoman.答案：typical5．Asaresultoftheradioappeal____________helpforthefloodvictims，theyhaveoverraisedamillionpounds.答案：for6．Ourvisittothemuseum____________(postpone)．答案：ispostponed7．ManyVictorianswereshockedbythenotion(观念)thatManhadevolved____________lowerformsoflife.答案：from8．Thismiddleschoolisattached____________ateachers’college.答案：to9．Theyoungmantriedhisbestto____________(conviction)thejudgethathewasinnocent.答案：convince10．Cyclingishighlybeneficial____________people’shealthandtheenvironment.答案：toeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解AWhenslaveswerefirstbroughtoverfromWestAfricatothesouthernpartsofAmerica，theybroughtalongwiththemaspectsoftheirownculture—religion，dance，language，music，andcuisine.Amixofthetwocultureseventuallyappeared.ThereligiousdanceoftheringshoutturnedintomoderndancesliketheCharleston，andtribalchantsslowlytransformedintosorrowfulhymns(圣歌)sungbyslavesthatdescribedtheirhardships.Thesesoulfulaccountsbyslavesofthesevereclimateandconditionsbegantobecalled“theblues”，whichcontinuedinpopularityamongAfricanAmericansaftertheCivilWar.Thismusicincreasedinpopularityintotheearly1900swhenmanyblackmusiciansbecameanimportantpartofthemusicindustry.TheslavesthathadbeenbroughtoverwerefromalldifferentregionsofWestAfrica，buttheyworkedtogetheruntiltheygraduallyformedamonculture.Thisstrengthenedtheidentityoftheirmusicthat，inthe1950s，eventuallyledtothebeginningofrockandroll.TheBeatles，themostinfluentialbandofthe1960s，isoftendeterminedastheacceleratorthatresultedintheideology(意识形态)surroundingmusicthatisstillaroundtoday.Thefreedomandindividualityassociatedwiththattimeperiodbroughtforthawholeculturesurroundingmusic.Itwasnotjustmusicanymore，butalifestyle.Overthedecades，musichasdevelopedintosuchavitalpartofsocietyandpopculture.Musiciansareglorified，withtonsofadoringandscreamingfans.Themoderntechnologyofpresentdayhasallowedforagreatergapbetweenthecreatorofthemusicandthefans，aswellasthewidespreadmercializationofmusic.However，criticismsofmodernpopmusicoftenariseduetoitsmassproduction，andnowthereislackofthesamesoulandqualityofnaturalnessandsimplicityinmusicthatwasrisingintheearly20thcentury.【解题导语】当奴隶开始被从西非带到美国南部时，他们也带来了自己的文化——宗教、舞蹈、语言、音乐和烹饪。本文主要讲的是音乐在文化融合中的发展。1．WhatcontributedtothebirthoftheCharleston?A．VariousAfricanreligions.B．People’sloveoftribaldances.C．Amixoftwodifferentcultures.D．Thepopularityofsorrowfulhymns.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Amixofthetwocultureseventuallyappeared.ThereligiousdanceoftheringshoutturnedintomoderndancesliketheCharleston”可知，两种文化的混合促进了Charleston的出现。故选C。2．Accordingtothepassage，whatcanwelearnabouttheblues?A．Itbecamepopularinthelate20thcentury.B．Itmayincludethedescriptionofslaves’sadlives.C．ItmainlytoldthestoriesoftheAmericanCivilWar.D．Itreflectedthehardlivesofmanyblackmusicians.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thesesoulfulaccountsbyslavesofthesevereclimateandconditionsbegantobecalled‘theblues’”可知，对在苛刻的气候和环境下工作的奴隶的那些深情凄婉的描述被称作“theblues”。故选B。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthethirdparagraphreferto?A．Slaves’collectivework.B．OneregionofWestAfrica.C．Thenewmonculture.D．ThemusicbytheBeatles.C解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“...theyworkedtogetheruntiltheygraduallyformedamonculture.Thisstrengthened...”可知，他们一起工作直到他们逐渐形成一种共同的文化。故选C。4．Itcanbelearnedthatthemusicintheearly20thcentury________．A．possessedsoulandsincerityB．becamemoremercializedC．wasblamedforitsmassproductionD．widenedthegapbetweenmusiciansandfansA解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“andnowthereislackofthesamesoulandqualityofnaturalnessandsimplicityinmusicthatwasrisingintheearly20thcentury”可知，选A。BSomeoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.“Jazzseemslikeit’snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite，”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio’sreporterNealConan.“WhatI’mhopingtoacplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It’sactuallycolor,andit’sactuallydigital.”Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame，”saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller’smusicforadanceparty,“justtokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic，”saysMoran.“Forme,it’stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion(情感)lie?Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext，”saysMoran,“soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”【解题导语】本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。5．WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?A．Torememberthebirthofjazz.B．Toprotectculturaldiversity.C．Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.D．Torecognizethevalueofjazz.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbeingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebeinglarger.C解析：代词指代题。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段“Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。7．WhatcanweinferaboutMoran’sopiniononjazz?A．Itwilldisappeargradually.B．Itremainsblackandwhite.C．Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D．Itchangesevery50years.C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容尤其是“Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ExploringtheFutureofJazzB．TheRiseandFallofJazzC．TheStoryofaJazzMusicianD．CelebratingtheJazzDayA解析：标题归纳题。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)七选五Changeisscary.1.________Itcangohandinhandwiththefearthatwemighthurtsomeoneelseifweonlythinkaboutourselves.Thetruthisthatyou’resomuchmorecourageousthanyougiveyourselfcreditandfarstrongerthanyourealize.Herearesomewaysthatyoucanusetohelpyourselfmaketheprocessofcreatingchangemoremanageable.Makechangeintosmallbite­sizepieces.2.________Rememberthataslongasyouattemptt