英语写作表逻辑关系的关联词讲解学习课件

11.表顺承、补充与递进21.表顺承、补充与递进:and;

what’s

more;

besides;

moreover;furthermore;

in

addition;

additionally;

further（而且，况且）; similarly;

also;

either;too;what’s

worse;on

the

one

hand...，on

the

otherhand...to

makematters/thingsworse(使事情更糟的是).如：I

don’t

want

to

go;besides,I’m

tootired.The

rent

is

reasonable,

and

moreover,

thelocation

is

perfect.32.表转折42.表转折：but;however;yet;instead;

on

the

contrary（相反地）;nevertheless（然而）;otherwise;after

all(毕竟).Eg:

It’s

too

hot

to

go

for

a

walk,let’s

go

swimming

instead.53.表因果(1)引出原因63.表因果：(1)引出原因:for;as;

since;nowthat;because;thanks/owing/due

to;becauseof;

onaccountof;

asaresult/consequenceof;

in

consequence

of;

result

from（vt，由…引起）;Eg:

We

should

be

more

careful,

for

it

isalready

dark.Let’s

stay

at

home,

for

it’sraininghard

outside.7(2)引出结果8(2)引出结果:so;therefore;thus;hence;asa

result/consequence;in

consequence;consequently;

account

for（v，是…的原因）;result

in（vt，导致）;lead

to（vt，导致）;bring

about（vt，导致）;cause（vt，导致）; so

that(以致);

(so…)that;(祈使句+)and/or/otherwise（+句子）Eg:

These

birds

are

very

rare

andtherefore

protected

bylaw.94.表让步104.表让步:

although;

though;

while;evenif/though; while;

as倒装句；疑问词-ever;

no

matter

+疑问词;despite;

inspite

of;

however;

in

anycase;Eg:

While

I

really

don’t

like

art,

I

findhis

work

impressive.Fail

as

I

did,

I

would

never

give

up.115.表目的125.表目的:in

order

to/that;so

as

to;for

fear

that;so

that(以便);lest;incase（以防，以免）.Eg:

He

ran

away

lest

he

should

beseen.She

took

an

umbrella

with

her

forfear

(that)it

mightrain.136.表条件146.表条件:if;unless;once(一旦,用于将来动作);

so/as

long

as（只要）; suppose

(that);supposing

that;providing

(that);provided(that);assuming

(that);given

that;oncondition

that（如果）;incase+句子;incaseof+名词（万一）.Eg:

Given

that

the

patients

have

somedisabilities,

we

will

try

to

enablethemto

be

as

independent

aspossible.In

case

John

comes,

please

tell

him

to

wait.You

may

borrow

the

book,

onconditionthat

you

do

not

lend

it

to

anyoneelse.157.表时间167.表时间:before;after;when;while;as;since;until;till;the

week/year;by

the

time;;as

soon

as;the

moment/minute/instant/second/time+句子;no

sooner…than…;

hardly/scarcely…when…;on/upon+名词/动名词;ever

since（从那时以来）;

from

then

on;

lately;

recently;later;afterwards;Eg:

We’ll

leave

the

minute

you

areready.I

had

hardly

come

home

when

it

began

torain.=

Hardly

had

I

come

homewhen

it

began

torain.178．表示特定的顺序关系188．表示特定的顺序关系：to

beginwith;initially;first

of

all;firstly;first;secondly;

second;

then;next;

finally;

inthe

end;eventually;

last

but

not

least；atlast;Eg:

And

above

all,

remember

to

send

usyour

newaddress.Firstly

I’ll

mention

the

advantage,then

I’ll

talk

about

thedisadvantages.199.

换一种方式表达209.

换一种方式表达：in

other

words;that

is

tosay;to

put

it

another

way.21•

Eg:

Let’s

go

back

to

the

original

plan,

that

isto

say,

you

go

ahead

by

plane

and

we’llfollowby

car

with

theequipment.Your

performance

in

the

examdidn’treach

the

required

standard—

in

other

words,youfailed.10.

进行举例说明2210.

进行举例说明：for

instance;for

example;like;for

one

thing...，for

another...;inparticular；a

good

example

(of...)wouldbe...；such

as.Eg:

We’ve

planted

lots

of

different

flowers,such

as

roses,

carnations.2311.

用于陈述事实2411.

用于陈述事实：in

fact;in

reality;as

amatter

of

fact;actually;

to

tell

you

thetruth.Eg:

She

says

it’s

a

good

film.

Actually,

shehasn’t

seen

it

at

all.

To

tell

you

the

truth,

who

will

go

to

themeeting

is

not

important.2512.对一个话题进行总结2612.对一个话题进行总结：on

the

whole;inshort;all

in

all;in

general;in

brief；to

sumup；in

conclusion;

in

summary；toconclude；in

aword.Eg:

On

the

whole,the

area

of

desert

in

theworld

is

growing

everyyear.In

short,

the

film

was

the

best

I’ve

everseen.272.文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头,“承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结。28用于“启”的过渡词语 用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头：：first,

first

of

all,

at

first,

in

the

first

place,

firstly,

tobeing

with,

to

start

with,

recently,

now,

at

present,in

recent

years,

in

general,

generally

speaking,

atpresent,

lately,

currently,It

is

often

saidthat…,As

the

proverb

says…,It

goes

without

saying

that…,It

is

clear/obvious

that…,Many

people

often

ask

…29（2）用于“承”的过渡词语 表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中：30•

What

is

more

serious

isthat…second,

similarly,

in

addition,

besides,

then,

furthermore,moreover,

what

is

more,

what

is

worse,

for

example,

forinstance,

certainly,

surely,

obviously,

in

other

words,especially,

particularly,

in

particular,

indeed,

still,

third,

truly,in

fact,

at

the

same

time,

nodoubt，It

is

truethat…,Everybody

knows

that…,It

can

be

easily

proved

that…,No

one

can

denythat…The

reason

why

…is

that

…,There

is

no

doubt

that…,To

take…for

an

example

(instance)…,We

know

that…,（3）用于“转”的过渡词语 用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中：31but,however,on

the

other

hand,on

the

contrary,

incontrast,in

anycase,

atany

rate,nevertheless(虽然如此),otherwise,or,or

else,while,whereas,but,despite,in

spiteof...,yet,instead,I

do

not

believe

that…,Perhaps

you’ll

ask

why…This

may

be

true,

but

we

still

have

a

problem

with

regardto…,Though

we

are

in

basic

agreement

with

…,

yet

differenceswill

be

found,That’s

why

I

feel

that…（4）用于“合”的过渡词语 用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中in

a

word,in

general,in

short,above

all,after

all,generally

speaking，to

sum

up,finally,inconclusion,

at

last,in

summary,

therefore,as

aresult,above

all,thus，afterall(毕竟),eventually,hence,in

short,in

conclusion,

in

a

word,in

sum,onthewhole(就整体而言),tosumupFrom

this

point

of

view

…On

account

of

this

we

can

find

that

…The

result

is

dependent

on

…Thus,

this

is

the

reason

why

wemust…32TV

andwebsite33•••••TV

and

website

are

popular

media.

They

havesomething

in

common.

Both

of

them

make

money

from

ads.Websites

also

have

different

sections.

You

may

choose

theone

you

are

most

interested

in.They

are

different

in

many

ways.

Moving

pictures

areshown

on

TV

with

sound

and

interpretation.

It

makes

youfeel

that

you

are

just

on

the

spot.

The

programs

changeevery

day.

Professional

TV

reporters

do

the

report

for

TV.Some

information

on

websites

change

all

the

time.

Notall

of

it

is

so

updated.

Everybody

can

write

articles

forwebsites

rather

than

professional

reporter.Every

medium

has

its

own

features.

It

is

hard

to

saywhich

is

better.•34•TV

andwebsiteBoth

TV

and

website

are

popular

media.

Theyhavesomething

in

common.

Both

of

them

make

money

fromads.

Similar

to

TV,

websites

also

have

different

sections,so

that

you

may

choose

the

one

you

are

most

interested

in.However,

they

are

different

in

many

ways.

Above

all,

moving

pictures

are

shown

on

TV

with

sound

andinterpretation,

which

makes

you