2020高考英语真题详解-阅读理解-语法考点解析

2020高考英语真题详解-阅读理解-语法考点解析

全国1卷

Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideof

themoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewas

inspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—Htouch)downlast

weekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon,sfarside

is乙(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon,sbodyblocksdirectradio

communicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbit

abovethemooninaspot±itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandto

Earth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularj£(interesting)toscientists

becauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)，moreso5thefamiliarnear

side.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'

e-49(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin."Thisreally

excitesscientists,"CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"

becauseit乙(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabout

howthemoon^(construct)."Dataaboutthemoonrscomposition,

suchashow9iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChina

decidewhether10(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

l.touched本题考点是谓语动词：谓语动词是一个重要考点，主要考查谓语动词

的时态、语态和主事和谓语人称与数量的一致。

2.extemely本题考点是形容词与副词的语法功能：形容词在句子中可以做定

语、表语和补语。英语副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子，形容与

副词还有另一个考点就是比较等级的正确使用。

3.where本题考点是从属复合句的连词：英语从属复合句有三大类：形容词性从

句即定语从句；副词性从句即状语从句；名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、

表语从句和同位语从句。从属复合句的考点在于连接词的使用，连接词的使用要

考虑两个方面，一是从句的类型，不同类型的从句其连接词的用法有所不同；二

是连接词在从句中的功能，包括其语法功能和表意功能。本题考查的是定语从句。

4.interest本题考点是构词法：本题题干为beof+抽象名词结构，本题构词法

为反构法，一般者是名词或动词通过增添词缀构成形容词，要求考生对构词法能

举一反三。

5.than本题考点是介词：than既可以做介词，也可以做连词，是用比较及或最

高级标志性词。

6.tofind本题考点是非语动词：动词根据其在句子中充当的成分可分为谓语动

词与非谓语动词。非谓语动词，顾名思义就是指动词在句子中充当除谓语之外的

语法成分。非谓语动词没有人称与数量的限定，所以也称之为非限定动词，非限

定动词在使用时有语态与体态两种形态的变化。非谓语动词的三种基本形式分别

表示：过去分词表示完成与被动、现在分词表示主动与进行、不定式表将来或目

的。

7.means本题考点是谓语动词：谓语动词要与其主语保持人称与数量的一致。

8.isconstructed本题考点是谓语动词：谓语动词的语态有主动词语态与被动

语态两种，当主语为动作的发出者或状态的引起者时，谓语动词用主动语态，当

主语为动作的承受者或因外物引起的状态的时谓语动词用被动语态。

9.much本题考点是代词与形容的兼类：英语中有的代词兼具形容词词性，这

类形容由于代词转化而来，代词有数的概念，所以要这类形容要考虑可数与不可

数的问题。

10.its本题考点是代词：英语人称代词有格的变化，格是一个语法范畴，代词的

格可分为主格，宾格与所有格。代词的主格是指代词在句子中起到主语的语法功

能，宾格起到宾语的语法功能，所有格是指代词的所属关系。

(二)全国2卷

DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYear

ChineseNewYearisal^(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseason

andthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruits

andflowers2_(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresentthe

earth3_(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:

Oranges:Orangetreesaremore生decoration;theyareasymbolofgood

fortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmany

times5_(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

Bamboo:Chineselovetheir"LuckyBamboo"plantsandyouwillsee

themoftenintheirhomesandoffice.9(certain)duringtheholiday

period,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated乙health,

abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy当(care)forandmakegreat

presents.

BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The9^(beauty)longbranchescovered

withpink-coloredbuds(禧蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtrees

are10firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresent

thepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.

1.celebration本题考点是构词法

2.carries本题考点是谓语动词

3.coming本题考点是非谓语动词

4.than本题考点是介词

5.decorated本题考点是非谓语动词

6.Certainly本题考点是形容词与副词的转化

7.with本题考点是介词

8.tocare本题考点是非谓语动词

9.beautiful本题考点是构词法

10.the本题考点是冠词

(三全)国3卷

InancientChinalivedanartist1paintingswerealmostlifelike.The

artist'sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedto

gethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeand

presenttheir2_(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartist

wassurehewould_3_(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpieceto

theemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.Thewiseoldmantold

himtotraveltotheLiRiver—perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthe

greatestartistintheworld.

Filledwith生(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft5_heaskedthe

villagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传

奇的)artist,theysmiledand6_(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorning

hehiredaboatandsetout7_(find)thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmall

boatmoved生(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythe

mountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhite

waterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthe

mistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds9_(surround)themountain

tops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythe

greatestartist10earth,MotherNature.

l.whose本题考点是定语从句

2.finest本题考点是形容词最高级

3.bechosen本题考点是非谓语动词，不带气。”的不定式构成复合谓语，注

意非谓语动词的语态

4.curiosity本题考点是构词法

5.When/As本题考点是从属复合句中的状语从句

6.pointed本题考点是谓语动词

7.tofind本题考点是非谓语动词

8.gently本题考点是形容词与副词的语法功能与转化

9.surrounding本题考点是非谓语动词

10.on本题考点是介词

（四）浙江卷

Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontrol

theworldtheylived1,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,

theybegantodependlesson乙couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthe

wild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson±huntingandgathering,so

peoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwere

born,morefood4(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperience

ofthepoweroftechnology5^(change)lives.

Byabout6000BC,people6(discover)thebestcropstogrowand

animalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe7(season),planting

attherighttimeand,indryareas,8(make)useofannualfloodsto

irrigate(灌溉)theirfields.

Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,withtriseof

science,changesbegan.Newmethods10(mean)thatfewerpeople

workedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshave

accelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化月巴)have

nowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.

l.in本题考点是介词，本题隐含性较强，介词的宾语关系代词"that"前置，

而且省略

2.what本题考点是从属复合句中的名词性从句

3.than本题考点是介词

4.wasneeded谓语动词

5.tochange非谓语动词

6.haddiscovered谓语动词

7.seasons名词的数的问题

8.making非谓语动词

9.the冠词

10.meant谓语动词

(五)山东、海南卷

Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcards

orantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,l^(wealth)peopletravelled

andcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheir

collectionathomeuntilitgottoobig2^untiltheydied,andthenitwas

giventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,for

example,_3_(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum生openedin

1759.

Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic5_(call)galleriesorrooms.

Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection6_(be)