电子科技大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2011年电子科技大学211翻译硕士英

语考研真题及详解

2012电子科技大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2013年电子科技大学211翻译硕士英

语考研真题及详解

2014年电子科技大学211翻译硕士英

语考研真题及详解

2015年电子科技大学211翻译硕士英

语考研真题及详解

2016年电子科技大学211翻译硕士英

语考研真题及详解

2011年电子科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

I.StructureandVocabulary(30%)

PartA:ChoosethebestonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDto

fillineachblankandcompletethesentences.

1．Owingtoitsalways_____withotherelements,aluminumisneverfound

freeinnature.

A.havingcombined

B.combined

C.beingcombined

D.tocombine

【答案】C

【解析】句意：铝通常与其它元素共存，故而在自然界中找不到游离态

的铝。its为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，排除B、D，aluminum是无

生命物质，一般不用主动，故选C。

2．Therearefourdepartmentsinthiscollege,_____.

A.eachhavingmorethanonehundredteachers

B.eachofthedepartmentshasmorethanonehundredteachers

C.eachofwhichhavingmorethanonehundredteachers

D.whicheachhasmorethanonehundredteachers

【答案】A

【解析】句意：该学院有四个系，每个系老师过百。注意到该题使用逗

号将两个句子隔开，所以空格处应当填一个从句，B选项是一个句子，

故排除。each可以做代词，而which是连接代词，故有each不用which，

排除C、D，从句没有连接代词应用动词的动名词形式表示从属关系，

选A。

3．Ishouldlikeverymuchtohaveattendedthebirthdayparty,but_____.

A.Ihadnotbeeninvited

B.Iamnotinvited

C.Iwasnotinvited

D.Iamnotbeinginvited

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我本十分愿意参加生日宴会，但是没人邀请我。本句是

I’dliketo和虚拟句shouldhavedone的结合，shouldhavedone是对过去事

实相反的虚拟，故后面一句应用一般过去时，选C。

4．_____,JohnGlemwasapioneerintheU.S.spaceprogram.

A.DespitethefirstAmericanwhoorbitedtheearth

B.ThatthefirstAmericanorbitedtheearth

C.ThefirstAmericantoorbittheearth

D.HewasthefirstAmericantoorbittheearth

【答案】C

【解析】句意：作为第一个绕地球飞行的人，JohnGlem是美国空间计

划的领军人物。这四个选项都是对JohnGlem的描述，并且该题需要一

个从句，B选项从句不完整，D选项是一个句子。主从句没有转折关

系，A错误，故选C。

5．Haveyoueverbeeninasituation_____youknowtheotherpersonis

rightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?

A.bywhich

B.that

C.inwhere

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你曾经到过这样一种境地吗，这种境地就是你明知另外

一个人是对的你却无法认同他？括号后的从句主谓宾完整，缺乏状语，

当缺乏状语时situation后接where是固定用法，故选D。

6．I_____withthanksthehelpofmyclassmatesinthepreparationofthis

newplan.

A.admit

B.acknowledge

C.pledge

D.admire

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我十分感激我的同学们，他们在这项新计划实施的准备

过程中给予了我帮助。本题考查固定搭配。acknowledgewiththanks是固

定搭配，表示“感谢”，故选B。pledge和admire都是及物动词，直接加名

词。admitdoingsth.意为“承认做某事”。

7．Theforecastpredicted_____weatherwithsnow,sunshine,windandthat

isjustwhatwehavehad.

A.various

B.variable

C.fluctuating

D.varied

【答案】B

【解析】句意：天气预报预计天气会下雪、放晴、起风，不停变化，正

是我们现在天气的写照。本题考查形容词词义辨析。variable意为“易变

的，反复无常的”，指自然现象(如气候等)或人的情绪、脾气、性格多变

的或反复无常的，如variablecharacter，与题意相符，故选B。various意

为“各种各样的，多方面的”，通常指种类、类别的数量，如various

colors，various作定语时，其后只能接复数名词。varied与various类似，

但过去分词形式含有已完成的意味，即“改变了的，更改了的”意思，不

与天气搭配。fluctuating上下浮动的。

8．Toourdelight,therewerestillsometickets_____forSunday'sfootball

match.

A.available

B.reliable

C.valid

D.possible

【答案】A

【解析】句意：令我们高兴的是，周末足球比赛入场券仍在售卖。本题

考查形容词词义辨析。Available表示“可得到的”，符合句意，故选A。

reliable可信赖的。valid有效的。possible可能的。

9．Theproblemsrequiringimmediatesolutionwillbegiven_____atthe

meeting.

A.urgency

B.priority

C.superiority

D.emergency

【答案】B

【解析】句意：需要立刻解决的问题将会在大会中优先提出。本题考查

名词词义辨析和固定搭配。Givepriority为固定搭配，表示“优先”，符合

句意，故选B。urgency紧急情况。Superiority优越性；优势。emergency

突发事件；应急的。

10．Inmostcasespoliticiansare_____astheyseldomtellthetruth.

A.credible

B.incredible

C.ridiculous

D.credulous

【答案】B

【解析】句意：大多数情况下政客都不可信，因为他们几乎不说真话。

本题考查形容词词义辨析。incredible表示“不可信”，符合句意，故选

B。credible可信的。ridiculous荒谬的。credulous轻信的；易受骗的。

PartB:ChoosethebestonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDto

fillineachblankandcompletethepassage.

Europe’sworldstatushaddrasticallychanged.Its11nations,oncegreat

powers,weredwindled—politicallyandmilitarilybytheUnitedStatesand

theSovietUnion,12bythemandbyIndiaandChina,economicallyby

theUnitedStates,Japan,and13neweconomicpowersthat

might14.Europe’sempireshadbeenwidelyseparate;andyet,likethe

restoftheworld’srichNorthernHemisphere,itcouldnot15thepoor

andhungrymillionsintheSouth.Allthemorereason,16,forEuropean

countriestocometogether—notmerelytoholdtheirownpoliticaland

economicsuperpowersbutalsoto17theirpowertomeettheirwider

responsibilitiesintheworld.

20thcenturyEuropehadwitnessedand18extraordinarilyrapid

technologicalchanges.Computers,industrialrobots,andgeneticengineering

areonlyitsmost19recentexamples.Thesplittingoftheatomhad

20magnifiedhumanity’spowertodestroyitself.Jetaircraft,space

travel,andelectronictelecommunicationshadrevolutionizedthesenseof

21andscale.Radioandtelevision,still22thecinema,hadbecome

truly“massmedia”,withsatellitesgivingallbroadcastsglobal23.

24economicprogresshadnotkeptpacewithtechnology;inaworldof

potential25andwell-being,therewerestillbothpovertyandpollution.

Politicalprogresshadbeen26still.Internationalcooperationwas

increasing,butthebasicpoliticalunitremainedthenation-state.That27

fromanagewhenthefastestmeansoftravelhavebeenagallopinghorse.

Thiswas28thefoundersoftheEC,asMonnetsaid,werenotconcerned

tomakecoalitionofstates29tounitepeople.AunitedEuropealong

theselines,with30rulesanddemocraticinstitutions,wasinhiseyesa

pilotplantforaunitedworld.

11．A.separate

B.single

C.individual

D.isolated

12．A.physically

B.commercially

C.financially

D.numerically

13．A.any

B.some

C.many

D.each

14．A,demonstrate

B.emerge

C.present

D.display

15．A.showoff

B.shrugoff

C.sendoff

D.wardoff

16．A.however

B.nevertheless

C.therefore

D.meanwhile

17．A.maximize

B.enlarge

C.expand

D.extend

18．A.sharedin

B.takenin

C.dealtin

D.resultedin

19．A.serious

B.severe

C.fatal

D.obvious

20．A.fundamentally

B.vastly

C.completely

D.thoroughly

21．A.span

B.location

C.measurement

D.distance

22．A.morethan

B.ratherthan

C.otherthan

D.soonerthan

23．A.scope

B.territory

C.range

D.context

24．A.So

B.While

C.But

D.Thus

25．A.scarcity

B.shortage

C.surplus

D.plenty

26．A.slower

B.faster

C.steadier

D.sounder

27．A.differed

B.descended

C.dated

D.detached

28．A.how

B.why

C.what

D.where

29．A.insteadof

B.but

C.and

D.than

30．A.common

B.regular

C.average

D.mean

【答案与解析】

11．C欧洲大陆上有多个国家，国与国之间紧密相连。individual强调

独立的个体，而single强调单个，只有一个，individual更符合题意，故

选C。separate分离。isolated孤立的。

12．D欧洲大陆的国家在人数上与中国和印度相比有所减少。可以看

出完型所描述时间苏联还在，那时中国和印度的经济绝对不会比欧洲

强，故排除B、C。numerically数量上的，符合句意，故选D。physically

身体上的；实际上。

13．A句意为“欧洲国家在经济上相比于美国、日本和任何可能新兴的

国家相比有所下滑。”any表“任何”用于肯定句中表强调，符合句意，故

选A。many和some用于肯定句中，表示一些。each每个。

14．B句意：“欧洲国家在经济上相比于美国、日本和任何可能新兴的

国家相比有所下滑。”emerge表示“出现，新兴”，符合句意，故选B。

demonstrate证明。present提出；在场的。display显示；表现。

15．B根据第一段最后一句得出欧洲要担起全球责任，说明他不会不管

南半球的穷苦大众。shrugoff表示“不理”，符合题意，故选B。showoff

炫耀。sendoff寄出；送别。wardoff防止；避开。

16．Callthemorereason表示更加，表递进关系，A、B为转折关系，D

为并列关系，都不符合题意，故排除，选C。

17．A前文已经提到欧洲帝国势力遍布全球，不需要再扩张了，而需

要充分利用，只有A选项有充分利用的意思，故选A。enlarge扩大。

expand扩张。extend扩展；延伸。

18．A句意为“20世纪欧洲参与并见证了科技上一系列杰出的进展与改

变。”sharein分享；参与，符合句意，故选A。takein理解；接受。deal

in经营。resultin导致。

19．D句意为“电脑，工业机器人以及基因工程只是其中最典型最新近

的例子”，obvious表示“明显的”，符合句意，故选D。serious严重的；认

真的。severe严重的；苛刻的。fatal致命的；决定性的。

20．Bfundamental强调根基性，原文强调改变，故排除A选项。C、D

选项过于绝对，故排除，选B。

21．D飞机、太空漫游、电子通讯都是缩短了人们对空间的感知，

distance表示“一段距离”，而location只表示一个点，故distance更符合句

意，故选D。span（桥或拱的）间距；持续时间。measurement测量。

22．A根据massmedia得出该题强调数量，故选A。ratherthan而不是。

otherthan除了。soonerthan比…快。

23．C本题主要辨析scope和range的区别。scope强调理解等抽象活动范

围，而range强调具体活动范围，故range符合题意，选C。territory领

土；（个人、群体、动物等占据的）管区。context语境；背景。

24．C根据上文谈的科技发展而下文强调贫穷和污染来看，此处应填转

折连词，故选C。

25．D该选项与well-being并列，可知应填与well-being词义相似的词。

well-being表示幸福，排除A、B。surplus表示“剩余，盈余”而plenty表

示“充裕，富裕”更符合句意，故选D。

26．A后一句是本题解题的关键。后一句提到尽管国际合作不断增

加，基本的政治单元还是停留在单一民族国家层面。因此政治的发展并

不快，也没有信息表示政治发展很稳定，故选A。

27．B本题要弄清楚that指代什么。that指代“基本的政治单元还是停留

在单一民族国家层面”这一事实，根据“最快的通讯方式是通过快马”看

出，anagewhenthefastestmeansoftravelhavebeenagallopinghorse这句

话是对that的解释，只有descendfrom表示“起源于”，datefrom一般用一

般现在时，不用过去时态，故选B。differfrom与…不同。detachfrom

与…分离。

28．B本题承接27题而来。this指代前面这句话，继续作出解释，故选

B。

29．Bnot...but为固定搭配，故选B。

30．Acommonrules共同规范，固定搭配，故选A。

II.Reading(40%)

Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsorcompletethe

sentencesbelowbychoosingthebestonefromthefourchoicemarkedA.B.

CorD.

Passage1

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints

—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclear

andfirmnotionsofscholarprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistorical

problem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutes

admissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytothe

revolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionable

subjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.

Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewas

primarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“What

happened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Why

didithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion

“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistorical

contexts.

Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriate

andwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseof

psychologyisnotwhatpsycho-historiansintend.Theyarecommitted,not

justtopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.This

commitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealways

understoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailed

recordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisofthe

individualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthat

instanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscends

history.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebe

publiclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Andit

violatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothe

negativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psycho-historians,

convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvinced

thattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventthatotherexplanations

fallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesense

ofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthe

pastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhich

peopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshada

multiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbing

peopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadof

respectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastand

present,intosingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatall

timesandinallcircumstances.

31．Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

A.Theapproachofpsycho-historianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogue

eventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesand

findingsofpsycho-historians

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittle

interesttotraditionalhistorians

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual’sbehaviorandattitudesis

moreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

32．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatonewayinwhichtraditional

historycanbedistinguishedfrompsychohistoryisthattraditionalhistory

usually_____.

A.viewspasteventsascomplexandhavingtheirownindividuality

B.reliesonaSingleinterpretationofhumanbehaviortoexplainhistorical

events

C.interpretshistoricaleventsinsuchawaythattheirspecificnatureis

transcended

D.turnstopsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontextstoaccountfor

events

33．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemethodsusedbypsycho-

historiansprobablypreventthemfrom_____.

A.presentingtheirmaterialinchronologicalorder

B.producingaone-sidedpictureofanindividual’spersonalityand

motivations

C.uncoveringalternativeexplanationsthatmightcausethemtoquestion

theirownconclusions

D.offeringaconsistentinterpretationoftheimpactofpersonalityon

historicalevents

34．Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT

_____.

A.makegeneralstatementwithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.questiontheadequacyofthepsycho-historians’interpretationofevents

D.pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsycho-historians’applicationoftheir

methods

【答案与解析】

31．A这是一道中心主旨题。从第二段开始出现全文的主要谈论内

容，第二段的最后一句出现了全文所谈论的中心“psychohistory”，在第

二段中谈到了“psychohistory”的流行性，在第二段和第三段中作者谈到

了“psychohistory”缺乏历史科学研究的“严密性和可考证性”。由此分析

可见本题的正确选项应该是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的选项

A。考生在解题时要善于首先捕捉全文的中心主旨句，并通过阅读和理

解去把握原文所表达的思想。

32．A注意题目考查的是传统历史学。根据最后一段第二句话和最后

一句话可以得出心理历史学否认过去人类行为和动机的多样性以及因果

的复杂性。心理历史学是与传统历史学相对而言，故选A。

33．C本题考查理解概括能力。本文第三段提出心理历史学考察的角度

不是从有记录的史实出发而是从人类本性层面出发。因此每个心理历史

学家都认为自己的理论是最正确的。故选C。

34．D本题为反向选择题，且需要注意对象是作者的写法。观察全

文，A、B、C都有涉及，文中并没有提到心里历史学家应用的不一致

性，故选D。

Passage2

ASuitablyMassiveMiddlemarch

E.M.Foster--whoseownnovelshaveprovedgoodmeatforthosewhore-

cookoldnovelsintoTVminiseriesandHollywoodwinners-oncewrotethat

“itisonhermassivenessthatGeorgeEliotdepends-shehasnonicetyof

style.”

Thereisadegreeoftruthinthecomment-itsfirstpart,anyway.

Middlemarch,longconsideredthisEnglishVictoriannovelist’smasterpiece,

iscertainlynominiature.

WhentheBBC’ssuitablymassivetelevisionadaptationofMiddlemarchwas

airedinBritain,itbecamecompulsiveviewingformillionsandmorethan

105,000ofthemwentoutandboughtthebook(othersofusalreadyownedit

andlifteditofftheshelf).

Itisoneofthefascinationsoftelevisionthat,whileitismorethaneverheld

responsibleforluringtheworldintoilliteracy,itcanalsopowerfullyattract

viewerstobuyandeven(whoknows?)toreadsomeofthegreatclassics.

Whoeverreadsthebookafterseeingtheserieswillfinditvirtually

impossiblenottoseethecharactersinhisorhermind’seyeexactlyasthe

castofactorsportraysthem.Buthalfthefunofcomparingtheinevitably

leanerTVversion-cut,edited,andsometimesre-arranged-withthesteady

unfoldingoftheoriginalnovelisinassessingtheplusesandminusesof

turningwrittenpagesIntoscreenImages.

Intheopinionofthosewhoknow,Eliotwasapotentiallyfirst-rateTVwriter.

InaBBCdocumentaryaboutthemakingoftheseries,AndrewDavies,Who

wrotethescreenplay,saidhethoughtGeorgeEliot(orMaryAnnEvans,to

useherrealname)“hadalltheelementsthatyouwouldlookfornowifyou

werelookingforaverystrongdramaserial,Imean,shecouldgoalongand

sell...toanyTVnetworknow...justupdateitalittlebit.

Inpractice,Davies’sscreenplaydoesnot“update”thenoveljarringly(OK,

characterskissonscreenwheretheyonlyheldhandsinthebook,butwho’s

fussing?)andevenfrequentlyquotesEliot’sdialogalmostverbatim.

Mr.Davies,inthesamedocumentary,alsomentionsonedifficultyin

handingoveraclassicnoveltoactors:“They’veallgottheircopies”ofthe

original,hesays,andoftenaskwhytheirparticularcharacter’smost

“wonderfulbits”havebeendeniedthem.Theseappealsmustberesisted,

Daviessays,becausetheylikelywillconflictwiththeattemptto“distillthe

essenceofthebook”.

Ontheotherhand,actorswithasensitivefeelfortheinnerlifeoftheir

character(asalmostallhaveinthisseries)canfleshoutorredeemwhat

mightbeonlyhintedatinthescreenplay.

ThetelevisionversionaccordsMiddlemarch,thecommunity,withallits

gossipandprejudice,goodnessanddespair,andcorruptionandinnocence,

theroleofchiefprotagonist.Itsuggeststhefeeloftheplacewithmarvelous

conviction,throughscrupulousattentiontodetailsoftheperiod,ofbuilding

andpropandcostume,butalsobecauseoftheleisurelypaceatwhichthe

storydevelops.Thewholethingisdonewithtasteandstyle.

35．ThefirstparagraphsuggeststhatE.M.Forster’snovelsare_____.

A.oftenadaptedforfilm

B.seldomtranslatedintoothermediums

C.rarelyconvertedforTV

D.frequentlyrevisedforpublication

36．Inthewriter’sopinion,castingoftheBBC’sMiddlemarchwas_____.

A.peculiar

B.appropriate

C.idiosyncratic

D.strange

37．TheTVversionofMiddlemarchwas_____.

A.requiredviewinginBritishschools

B.afaithfulreproductionoftheentirenovel

C.lengthybuttruetothebook’scontent

D.acrudelymodernadaptation

38．AndrewDaviesimpliesthatEliot’swritingis_____.

A.wellsuitedforcontemporaryaudiences

B.difficultformostactorstounderstand

C.tooprosaicandblandforTV

D.needssubstantialreworkingforTV

39．ThetownofMiddlemarchwas_____.

A.impossibletorecreateonTV

B.centraltotheplotofthenovel

C.anidealplaceinwhichtolive

D.aharmoniousandquietvillage

【答案与解析】

35．A第一段第一句话破折号中的内容是对E.M.Forster小说的介绍。

他的小说被改编成电视剧和电影，并取得了成功。故选A。

36．B根据第三段第一句话suitably和itbecamecompulsiveviewing…可

以看出作者是支持Middlemarch改编成电视剧的，A、C、D均为贬义

词，表示“怪异的”，故选B。

37．C根据第三段massivetelevisionadaptationofMiddlemarch以及第五

段第一句话“观众们认为在现实生活中不可能看到的角色在电视剧中刚

好呈现出来”表明米德镇的春天电视版长但符合原文内容。

38．AAndrewDavies根据第六段对艾略特的小说的评价hadallthe

elementsthatyouwouldlookfornow得出他的小说适合当代读者阅览。

39．B最后一段第一句中用同位语thecommunity解释了Middlemarch，

正是在这个小镇上，酸甜苦辣得以一幕幕上演，故而小镇是全文的中

心。

Passage3

Cooperativecompetition.Competitivecooperation.Confused?Airline

allianceshavetravelersscratchingtheirheadsoverwhat’sgoingoninthe

skies.Somefolksviewalliancesasablessingtotravelers,offeringseamless

travel,reducedfaresandenhancedfrequent-flyerbenefits.Othersseea

conspiracyofbigbusinesses,causingdecreasedcompetition,increasedfares

andfewerchoices.Whateveryouropinion,there’snoescapingairline

alliances:themarketinghypeisunrelenting,witheachofthetwomega-

groupings,OneworldandStarAlliance,promotingitselfasthebestchoice

foralltravelers.And,evenifyouturnawayfromtheirads,chancesarethey

willfigureinanyofyourtravelplans.

Bytheendoftheyear,oneworldandStarAlliancewillbetweenthem

controlmorethan40%ofthetrafficinthesky.Somepunditspredictthat

figurewillbemorelike75%in10years.

Butwhy,afteryearsofoftenferociouscompetition,haveairlinesdecidedto

bandtogether?Let’sjustsaythetimingismutuallyconvenient.North

Americanairlines,havingexhaustedallmeansofearningcustomerloyaltyat

home,havebeenlookingforwaystoreachouttoforeignflyers.Asian

carriersarestillhurtingfromtheregion-wideeconomicdownturnthatbegan

twoyearsago-justwhensomeoftheairlinesweretakingdeliveryofnew

aircraft.Alliancesalsoallowcarrierstocutcostsandincreaseprofitsby

poolingmanpowerresourcesontheground(ratherthaneachairline

maintainingitsowngroundcrew)andcode-sharing-thepracticeoftwo

partnerssellingticketsandoperatingonlyoneaircraft.

Soalliancesareterrificforairlinesbutaretheygoodforthepassenger?

Absolutely,saytheairlines:thinkofthelounges,thejointFFP(frequentflyer

program)benefits,theround-the-worldfares,andtheglobalservice

networks.Thenthere’sthepromiseof“seamless”travel:theabilityto,say,

travelfromSingaporetoRometoNewYorktoRiodeJaneiro,allonone

ticket,withouthavingtowaithoursforconnectionsorworryaboutyour

bags.Soundsutopian?PeterBuecking,CathayPacific’sdirectorofsalesand

marketing,thinksthatseamlesstravelisstillevolving.“It’sfairtosaythat

theselinksareonlyintheirinfancy.Thekeytoseamlessnessrestsin

infrastructureandinformationsharing.We’reworkingonthis.”HenryMa,

spokespersonforStarAllianceinHongKong,listssomeoftheotherbenefits

forconsumers:“Globaltravelershaveaneasiertimemakingconnectionsand

planningtheiritineraries.”Maclaimsalliancesalsoassurepassengers

consistentservicestandards.

Criticsofalliancessaythemuch-toutedbenefitstotheconsumeraremostly

pieinthesky,thatalliancesareallaboutreducingcostsfortheairlines,

rationalizingservicesandrunningjointmarketingprograms.JeffBlyskal,

associateeditorofConsumerReportsmagazine,saysthepromotional

ballyhoooveralliancesismuchadoaboutnothing.“Idon’tseemuchofa

gainforconsumers:alliancesarejustamarketinggimmick.Andasfaras

seamlesstravelgoes,I’llbelieveitwhenIseeit.Mostairlinescan’tevenget

theirownconnectionsundercontrol,letalonecoordinatewithanother

airline.”

Blyskalbelievesallianceswillultimatelyresultindecreasedflightchoices

andincreasedcostsforconsumers.Insteadoftwoairlinescompetingand

eachoperatingaflightonthesamerouteat70%capacity,thealliedpairwill

sharetherouteandrunonefullflight.Sincefewerseatswillbeavailable,

passengerswillbeobligedtopaymorefortickets.

Thetruthaboutalliancesandtheirmeritsprobablyliessomewherebetween

thetravelutopiapresentedbytheplayersandtheevilempiresportrayedby

theircritics.Andhowmuchtheyaffectyoudependsonwhatkindoftraveler

youare.

Thosewho’vealreadymadetheelitegradeintheFFPofamajorairlinestand

tobenefitthemostwhenitjoinsanalliance:thentheyenjoytheFFPperks

andadvantagesonanyandallofthemembercarriers.Forexample,ifyou’re

aMarcoPoloClub“gold”memberofCathayPacificsAsiaMilesFFP,you

willautomaticallybetreatedasavaluablecustomerbyallmembersofOne

world,ofwhichCathayPacificisamember-evenifyou’veneverflownwith

thembefore.

Forthosewhohaven’tmadethetopgradeinanyFFP,alliancesmightbea

wayofsimplifyingtheearningoffrequentflyermiles.Forexample,Ibelong

toUnitedAirline’sMileagePlusandgenerallyflylessthan25,000milesa

year.ButIearnmileswitheveryflightItakeonStarAlliancemember-All

NipponAirwaysandThaiAirways.

IfyouflylessthanIdo,youmightbesmartertostayoutoftheFFPgame

altogether.Huntforbargainswhenbookingflightsandyoumightbeableto

saveenoughtotakethatextratripanyway.Theonlyrealbenefitinfrequent

flyerscandrawfromanallianceisaninexpensiveround-the-worldfare.

Thebottomline:forallthemarketinghype,alliancesaren’tallthingstoall

people-buteverybodycangetsomebenefitoutofthem.

40．Whichisthebestwordtodescribeairtravelers’reactiontoairline

alliances?

A.Delight

B.Indifference

C.Objection

D.Puzzlement

41．Accordingtothepassage,settingupairlineallianceswillchieflybenefit

_____.

A.NorthAmericanairlinesandtheirdomestictravelers

B.NorthAmericanairlinesandtheirforeigncounterparts

C.Asianairlinesandtheirforeigntravelers

D.Asianairlinesandtheirdomestictravelers

42．WhichofthefollowingisNOTaperceivedadvantageofalliances?

A.Baggageallowance

B.PassengerComfort

C.Convenience

D.Quality

【答案与解析】

40．D本题为词汇理解题。需要理解第一句话scratchingtheirheads的含

义。scratchingtheirheads意为“费解，使人疑惑”，可以得出顾客很疑

惑，故选D。

41．B根据第三段整段和第四段第一句话可以看出airlinealliances对航

空公司是有利的，但从之后的几段可以看出，对于顾客来说利弊皆有，

故B选项最符合文章内容。

42．B本题为细节题。第四段指出airlinealliances的优势在于顾客到处

飞只需一张机票，不需要等待行李，故A、C选项正确。D是对最后一句

话assurepassengersconsistentservicestandards.的概括。文中并没有提到

顾客是否舒适，故选B。

Passage4

Petroleumproducts,suchasgasoline,kerosene,homeheatingoil,residual

fueloil,andlubricatingoils,comefromonesource-crudeoilfoundbelowthe

earth’ssurface,aswellasunderlargebodiesofwater,fromafewhundred

feetbelowthesurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior.

Sometimescrudeoilissecuredbydrillingaholethroughtheearth,butmore

dryholesaredrilledthanthoseproducingoil.Pressureatthesourceor

pumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface.Crudeoilwellsflowatvaryingrates,

fromtentothousandsofbarrelsperhour.Petroleumproductsarealways

measured42-gallonbarrels.

Petroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearance:thin,thick,

transparentoropaque,butregardless,theirchemicalcompositionismadeup

oftwoelements:carbonandhydrogen,whichformcompoundscalled

hydrocarbons.Otherchemicalelementsfoundinunionwiththe

hydrocarbonsarefewandareclassifiedasimpurities.Traceelementsarealso

found,buttheseareofsuchminutequantifiesthattheyaredisregarded.The

combinationofcarbonandhydrogenformsmanythousandsofcompounds

whicharepossiblebecauseofthevariouspositionsandjoiningofthesetwo

atomsinthehydrocarbonmolecule.

Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingand

condensingthevapors.Theseproductsaretheso-calledlightoils,suchas

gasoline,kerosene,anddistillateoil.Theresidueremainingafterthelightoils

aredistilledisknownasheavyorresidualfueloilandisusedmostlyfor

burningunderboilers.Additionalcomplicatedtermingprocessesrear-range

thechemicalstructureofthehydrocarbonstoproduceotherproducts,some

ofwhichareusedtoupgradeandincreasetheoctaneratingofvarioustypes

ofgasoline.

43．Manythousandsofhydrocarboncompoundsarepossiblebecause

_____.

A.thepetroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearance

B.complicatedrefiningprocessesrearrangethechemicalstructure

C.thetwoatomsinthemoleculeassumemanypositions

D.thepressureneededtoforceittothesurfacecausesmolecular

transformation

44．Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Thevariouspetroleumproductsareproducedbyfiltration

B.Heatingandcondensationproducethevariousproducts

C.Chemicalseparationisusedtoproducethevariousproducts

D.Mechanicalmeanssuchasthecentrifugeareusedtoproducethevarious

products

45．Howiscrudeoilbroughttothesurface?

A.Expansionofthehydrocarbons

B.Pressureandpumping

C.Vacuumcreatedinthedrillingpipe

D.Expansionandcontractionoftheearth’ssurface

46．WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasalightoil?

A.Distillateoil

B.Gasoline

C.Lubricationoil

D.Kerosene

【答案与解析】

43．C本题是第二段最后一句话的转换。最后一句话提出碳和氢结合成

成千上万种化合物的原因在于碳氢化合物中这两种原子不同的位置和连

接方式，C选项最符合原文，故选C。

44．B本题旨在找到不同的石油产物是如何产生的。根据最后一段第一

句话得出这些产物是通过加热和蒸汽凝结提炼而来。故选B。

45．B根据第一段Pressureatthesourceorpumpingforcescrudeoiltothe

surface得出B选项正确。

46．C根据最后一段第二句Theseproductsaretheso-calledligh