2021-2022学年上海市普陀区高三（上）期末英语试卷及答案解析

2021-2022学年上海市普陀区高三（上）期末英语试卷

BillionairesRacetoSpaceInlateJuly2021,JeffBezosachievedanout-of-this-world

ambition.ThebillionairefounderofAmazon(1)(fly)totheedgeofspace-62miles

(aboveEarth'ssurface-onarocketdesignedbyhiscompanyBlueOrigin.100kilometers)

"Bestdayever,"Bezossaidovertheradiotomissioncontrolafterlandingsafelybackon

Earth,(2)othersweren'tsoimpressed.Theycalledthemissionanenormous

wasteofmoney.Bezos,theyargued,(2)bespendinghisbillionstoimprovethingson

Earth.

Bezoswasn'tthefirstbillionairetosethissightsonspace.Norwashethefirst(4)

(criticize)aboutwastingenormouspersonalwealth.Aweek(3)theAmazon

foundermadehistory,businessownerRichardBransondid,too.Bransonbecamethefirst

persontoflytospaceonarockethehelpedfund,(4)(develop)byhiscompanyVirgin

Galactic.

Criticssaythatthemoney(7)(go)towardcommercialspacetravelwould

bebetterspenton(5)theyseeasmoreimportantpursuits.Theseincludeworkingtocure

diseases,reducingpoverty,andhelpingtosolvetheclimatecrisis.Besides,launching

spacecraftsisharmfultotheplanet,criticsdeclare.(9)naturalistHolly

HaworthpointedoutinSierramagazine,"travelinginrocketsisarguablythemost

carbon-emittingthinganindividualcando."

Butsupportersofcommercialspacetravelarguethatitdoesbenefithumanity.Personal

funds(10)(put)towardhigh-payingjobsandanewindustry.That'smoney

theycouldhavespentonnewlimousinesorvillasforthemselves,supporterssay.Plus,their

companiesareinvestinginnewtechnologiesthatincreaseaccesstospaceanddrive

innovationinotherareasaswell.

⑴

⑵

⑶

(4)

⑸

(6)

⑺

(8)

(9)

(10)

A.displacedB.featureC.groupedD.headlinesE.houseF.inevitable

G.neutralK.withstandH.projectedLsolutionJ.sustainable

RainwaterpouringintotheNewYorkCitysubway.TownsandroadsinPennsylvania

overtakenbyfloodwater.Thesedramaticscenesmade(DinSeptember2021.Asmanyas

40.5millionpeoplehavealreadybeen(2)bytheeffectsoftheclimatecrisis.Risingsea

levels,alongwithextremeflooding,areputtingmoreandmorecoastalresidentsandothers

atrisk.By2050,morethan1billionpeoplewillliveincountriesthatlackthebasic

systemsandservicesto(3)sea-levelrise,accordingtotheInstituteforEconomicsand

Peace.Andalltheseclimaterefugeeswillneedtoseekoutnewhomesondryland.

Onesolutionarchitectsandothershavebeenexploringwithmoreurgencyinrecentyears

(4)istobuildfloatingcities.In2019,theUnitedNationsbroughttogetheragroupof

innovators.Scientists,andmarineengineerstodiscussthefutureof(5)sea-based

communities."Asourclimateandwaterecosystemsarechanging,thewayourcities

retaketowaterneedstochange,too,"saidU.N.DeputySecretary-GeneralAmina

J.Mohammed.''Floatingcitiesareameansofensuringclimateadaption,asbuildingscan

risealongwiththesea."

Thesecitiescanbedesignedasclimate(6).Theycantakeadvantageofplentifulwindand

waterpowerforelectricity,andgrowfoodusinghydroponics(水耕法)."Fromtraditional

houseboatcommunitiestohigh-techexperiments,therearemanyexamplestolearnfrom/'

sheadded.

Someoftheseexperimentalfloatingcitiesarealreadyindevelopment.Anotherplanned

communitythat'sattractingalotofattentionisOceanixCity,whichis(7)tohaveone-third

ofits118islandsbelowsealevelwithin60years.

PlansforOceanixCity(8)groupsofhexagon-shaped(六边形)islandspoweredbysolar

andwaterenergy.Tiedtotheseafloor,eachhuman-madeislandwould(9)around300

people；theislandswouldbe(10)togetherincommunitiesofabout10,000

residents.Oceanixcitizenswoulddrinkprocessedoceanwaterandextractedhumidity

fromtheair,anddineonareadysupplyofseafood.

(1)

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⑵

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

Imaginesittinginsideawindowlesstrainthat'sshootingthroughatubeattwicethespeedofan

airplane.Yourtrainhasnowheels,producesno(3),makesitsownelectricity,andisn'taffected

bybadweather.Thisisthehyperloop,anewvisionfbrtheworld's⑷,safest,andgreenestform

oftransportation.Manyhave(5)thisnewtechnology,butotherssaythehyperloopvisionisjust

abunchofhotair.

Hyperloopdevelopersplantousethepropertiesofmagnetstofloat,stabilize,anddrivethe

capsulesorpodsforhundredsofmitesthrough⑹tubes.Withoutairorgroundtoslowdown

thevehicles,whatwasonceafive-hourjourneywouldbecomeahalf-hourexcursion,engineers

promise.

Supportersofthetechnologypromoteadditional(7)oftransportingpassengersandcargoby

hyperloop.Forexample,theyfirmlystatethatunlikeothercity-to-citytransportthat's⑻,such

asplanesortrains,hyperloopvehicleswouldleaveasneeded,likeUbersandtaxis.Whilethe(9)

wouldholdonly28to50passengerseach,developersplanfbrthemtodepartstationsingroups

everyminuteorsowhichtheysaycouldamounttoshuttling50,000peopleanhour.Thafs

morethantwicethepassenger(lO)oftheworld'sfastesttrains.

Developersalsosaythathyperlooptubeswouldbe(11)sotheywouldn'tinterferewithother

trafficorthreatenwildiife.Andtubeswouldbecoveredwithsolarpanelstopowerthe

hyperloop'ssystems/12),advocatesregardthehyperloopasthetransportationchoiceforthe

future.

Butnoteveryoneisonboard.Engineershavecalculatedthatthehigh-speedvehicleswillneed

tomakemuchwiderturnsthancurrentlyenvisioned,andothewisetheywon'tbed3)fbr

passengers.Thiswouldaddseveralmilestotheproposedtubetracks,Engineersalsosay

plannershaven'tincludedenoughtimeforvehiclestosafelybrakeandtakeoffatstations.Some

engineersbelieveitwilltakemuchlongerthanclaimedtopumpthe(14)outofthetubesbefore

eachvehicle'sdeparture.Criticsthussayhyperloopscan'tgoasfastorserveasmany

passengersperhourasadvertised,makingthem(15)existinghigh-speedtransportationoptions.

Hyperloopcompaniessaythey're(16)theseconcerns.Theyclaimthattheycansafelymaintain

highspeedsbyhavingthevehiclesbankaroundtheturnsasaplanedoes.Andtheirhyperloops

willrelyonthesplit-secondreactiontimesofacomputerto(17)vehicles

quickly,frequently,andsafely.

2.A.pollutionB.soundC.energyD.wind

3.A.cleanestB.lightestC.latestD.fastest

4.A.adaptedB.exploredC.embracedD.developed

5.A.totallyhollowB.nearlyairless

C.steadilynarrowD.highlyflexible

6.A.advantagesB.costsC.qualitiesD.situations

7.A.inconstantdemandsB.onstricttimetables

C.inchangeableD.onessentialservices

8.A.cabinsB.lorriesC.tubesD.vehicles

9.A.fareB.capacityC.speedD.comfort

10.A.undergroundB.parallelC.elevatedD.shared

11.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesideD.Otherwise

12.A.availableB.economicC.easyD.safe

13.A.forceB.airC.heatD.water

14.A.mostpopularofB.superiorto

C.nobetterthanD.leastprofitable

15.A.addressingB.causingC.voicingD.releasing

16.A.rideB.pilotC.parkD.alert

D

FridaKahlowasoneofthemostinfluentialLatinAmericanfiguresofthe20thcentury.Asthe

daughterofaGermanfatherandaMexicanmother,shewasbornonJuly6,19O7.Shegrewup

inCoyoacan,ontheoutskirtsofMexicoCity.

Whenshewasseven,aviraldiseasecalledpoliomadeherverysick,weakeningthemusclesin

herrightleg.Whileinschool.Kahlowitnessedanumberofbloodystrugglesbetweenarmed

groupsinMexicoCityduringtheMexicanRevolution.ltwasessentiallyafightforbetterliving

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conditionsforthedisadvantaged.BecauseofherexperiencesinMexicoCity,Kahlobecamea

strongsupporterofpeasants'rights.Later,in1925,shewasinabusaccidentthatbrokeher

backbone,dislocatedhershoulder,andcausedotherterribleinjuries.

Torelievetheboredomofrecoveryandtohelpdealwiththepainandsadnessofthe

accident,hebegantopaint.Inherpaintings,Kahloreallyexploredheridentity.HerWorkdeals

witherstatusasawoman,hermixedancestry,herturbulentmarriagetoMexicancommunist

painterDiegoRivera,thepainofherinjuries,andhercommitmenttorevolutionary

politics.Manypeopleconsiderherpaintingsexamplesofsurrealism,sincemuchofwhatshe

paintedwasfantastical,butKahloneverconsideredherselfasurrealist.Kahlo'sworkisunique

becauseshetookthebrightcolorsanddramaticsymbolismofMexicancultureandcombined

themwithtraditionsfromEuropeanart.

Inthemostfamouspaintingcalled"TwoFridas,"shepaintstwoversionsofherself,onein

traditionalMexicanclothesandanotherinEuropeanclothesofanearliercentury.Avein（静

脉）connectstheheartsofthetwowomen,andbloodisdrippingoutfromoneend.Thiswas

paintedjustaftersheandRiveragotdivorced.Ifyoulookclosely.youcanseethattheMexican

KahloholdsaportraitofRivera.Symbolssuchastheexposedheartsandstormyskysuggestthe

painthatKahlofelt.Checkouthowoneoftheheartsisbroken.andtheotherone'swhole.She

seemstobesuggestingthatRiveraonlylovedtheMexicanpartofhers.

Inalotofways,Kahlohadanunhappylife.Shediedwhenshewasonly47yearsold.Herartis

filledwithsadness,butitalsoexpressesprideinherMexicanheritageandthejoyofbeinga

woman.

17.WhatledKahlotosupporttherightsofpoorlaborers?

A.ThefactthatherfatherwasaGermanmigrantlaborer.

B.Thetimeshespentworkingasalaborerduringthe1920s.

C.HermarriagetotheMexicannationalistpainterDiegoRivera.

D.HerexperiencesinMexicoCityduringtheMexicanRevolution.

18.Placethefollowingeventsintimeorder：①Kahlowashurtinabusaccident；②

KahlowitnessedtheMexicanRevolution；③Kahlobeganpainting.

A.①②③B.②①③C.②③①D.③①②

19.Theunderlinedword"turbulent"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.

A.artisticallywell-matched

B.fantasticandextremelyloving

C.filledwithdramaticupsanddowns

D.verypoliticallyconscious

20.HowwereFridaKahlo'spaintingssimilartothoseofthesurrealists?

A.Theybothfocusedongenderidentity.

B.Theybothpromotedsocialistpolitics.

C.Theybothcontaineddreamlikeimagery

D.TheybothcombinedMexicanandEuropeanart.

E

AussieWalkaboutExperience

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GobehindthescenesatAucklandZooandcomeeyetoeyewithsomeofour

Australianneighbors.Cometothezoobeforeopeninghoursandexperiencethe

morningsightsandsounds.Helpthekeepersfeedthekangaroosandkoalainthe

AussieWalkaboutandtakebreakfasttoawidevarietyofbirds.

Tourfeatures

•Asmallgroupfullyaccompaniedbyanexperiencedguide.

•Yourguidewillphotographyouimmersedinyourtour.Thephotoswillbe

recordedontoacomplimentaryCD,whichyouwillreceiveatthetourconclu

sion.Afantasticvisualrecordofyourunforgettableexperience.

Pricing

Tourdatesandtimes

Family：$220(2

TheAussieWalkabouttourrunsonThursday,Fridayand

adults,2minors)

Saturday-departingfromtheInformationCentreat8：00

Adult：$80

am.Thistourisapproximatelyanhourandahalfin

MinorC6-15years)：

duration—finishingat9：30.

$40

Importantthingstoknow：

♦Groupsizesvaryfromtwotofourpeople.

♦Theminimumageforthistourissixyearsoldandifyouareunderfifteenyears

ofageyoumustbeaccompaniedbyapayingadult.

♦YoumayleaveyourkidsundersixwiththebabysittersatAussieFunNursery

nexttotheInformationCenter.Thereisa$10chargefortheservice*(.Parental

ConsentFormrequired)

♦Wearflat,enclosedshoesandappropriateclothingfortheweathercondition

s.

♦Pleasedonotwearanyloosejewelleryorredclothing.

*ThisserviceisonlyfbrthosegueststhehavebookedtheAussieWalkabouttour.

Arrivaldetails

Participantsmustarriveatthezooby8：00am.Ifyouarriveafterthistimethere

willbenoopportunitytojointhegroup,sopleaseensureyouallowenoughtimefor

travellingandparkinginthecarparkneartheentrance.Yourguidewillgivethe

groupaninitialpersonalsafetybriefingbeforethetourstarts.Participantsshould

notethisiscompulsory.

21.Alltheparticipantsarerequiredto.

A.payforthephotosrecordedontoaCD

B.attendatalkonsecuritybeforethetour

C.pickuptheguideinthecarparkneartheentrance

D.assistinthefeedingofdifferentspeciesduringthetour

22.Ifacouplewiththeirchildren,aged5.8.and10wanttotakepartinthisactivity,howmuch

willtheypay?

A.$220.B.$230.C.$260.D.$270.

23.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothebrochure?

A.Thereisafreecarparkforvisitorstothezoo.

B.Latecomerswillbegrantedentrytothenexttour.

C.Aminimumoffourpeoplearepermittedoneachtour.

D.Thetourtakesplacewhenthezooisclosedtothepublic

F

Afewyearsago,CharlesBarkleygotintoalotoftroubleformakingtheobservationthatsports

figuresdidn'tneedtoberolemodels.Thousandsoffansandprofessionaljournalistswerecross

atthisattackonthefundamentalprinciplethatthepersonwhojumps.highestmustaim

highest.andthepersonwhohandlestherunningbackmustalsobeabletodealwithlife's

problemswithgraceaswell.

Theproblemisnotthatwelooktothesepeopleforperfectionwhentheytakeofftheir

uniforms.It^thatweexpectanyonetobeourrepresentativesforperfection.That'sstupidandit

makestherestofusdownherelazy.

Igettheimportanceofhavingheroes,thepeoplewhoinspireustocultivatethebestpotential

withinusandnurtureourbetterangels.Ipersonallyhavemanyheroes,frommymother,Lucy,to

myfavoritelawprofessor,Howard.Butthesearepersonalcontacts,peoplewhohave-actually

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touchedmyhandandmyheart,andwhooccupyapedestal（基座）builtofmyownexperiences

andaspirations.Tolookatanathleteoranactresswithhighsalaryanddemandthatheorshe

matchourdreamsisnotonlyawasteoftime,butit'sdangerous.Thedangercomesinhowthis

typeofheroworshipdehumanizesboththeobjectofaffectionandthepersonwhoblindly

adores.ThatwasBarkley'spoint,notthatweshouldgivepublicfiguresapassforbeingfaulty

butthatweshouldn'tabandonourownmoralcompassesandlooktothemfortruenorth.

RecentlyonatelevisionprogramIparticipatedin,thediscussionturnedtoKathleen

Kane.Someonesuggestedthatthefactthatthefirstfemaleattorneygenera（首席检察官）in

Pennsylvaniawasreallymessingthingsupcouldhaveunfortunateconsequencesforwomen

seekingelectedoffice.IofferedtheopinionthatKanewasunquestionablycriticizedandthatit

wasnothatredtowardswomanbutincompetenceattherootoftheattacks.Aftertheshow

aired,!hadpeopleemailingtotellmethatIwaseitheratraito（叛

徒）forpubliclyattackingafellowfemalewhenweneedtostandtogetherbehindthisnrole

model",orafoolfornotgoingastepfurthertosaythatthisincompetentlawyerhadmadeit

harderforallwomentomovetothenextlevel.

Howdepressing!Whyshouldtheinferiorperformanceofonewomanleadtosuchdiversebut

passionateviewsinpeople?Theanswerisobvious：Kanehasstoppedbeinganattorney

generalbuthasinsteadbecomeTheFirstFemaleAttorneyGeneral.Shecan'tjustmakea

mistakeandpaythenormalconsequences.

Ifwestoppedtryingtoliveourlivesthroughtheaccomplishmentsofpublicfigures,manyof

whomlookandsoundlikeus,we'dlearnhowtorecognizetheheroiccharacterofthosewe

mightactuallyknow,andtheheroicpotentialwithinourselves.Or,perhaps,thehonestytoaccept

ourordinaryhumanity.

24.ManypeoplewereangrywithCharlesBarkleymainlybecause.

A.hebrokefundamentalprinciplesinlife

B.hewasnotgoodenoughtobearolemodel

C.hedoubtedtheperfectionofsomesportsfigures

D.hethoughtsportsfigurescouldhaveweaknesses

25.AccordingtoBarkley,whyisitdangeroustotakepublicfiguresasheroes?

A.Becausewemayletgoofourownmoralstandards.

B.Becauseanathleteoractresscannotmatchourdreams.

C.Becauseweblindlyadmirepublicfiguresfortheirfaults.

D.Becauseweshouldn'twastetimeimitatingpublicfigures.

26.FromthepassagewecaninferthatKathleenKanewas.

A.unfairlycriticizedduetobeingfemale

B.thefirstfemaleattorneygeneralintheUS

C.lessqualifiedthanthepublichadexpected

D.arolemodelforwomenseekingelectedoffice

27.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.BeOurRepresentativesforPerfection

B.ExplorationofOurOwnHeroicPotential

C.OurUnrealisticExpectationofPublicFigures

D.OurConventionalViewsofFemalePolitician

A.Thereisenoughevidencetosupportthemotivationalbenefitsthatresultfrom

carefullymatchingpeopletojobs.

B.Forthosewhosejobsaresecure,payincreasesarerarelypossible.

C.Highachieversaremotivatedbyjobsthatarehighinindependenceand

responsibility.

D.Unfortunately,theyaretheonestheorganizationcanleastaffordtolose-those

withthehighestskillsandexperience.

E.Theanswertothatdependsonperceptionsofgoalacceptanceandthe

organization'sculture.

F.Managersmustbesure,therefore,thatemployeesfeelconfidentthattheirefforts

canleadto

performancegoals.

MotivatingEmployeesunderUnfavourableConditionsItisagreatdealeasiertomotivate

employeesinagrowingorganizationthanadecliningone.Whenorganizationsare

expanding,promotionalopportunities,payrises,andtheexcitementofbeingassociatedwitha

dynamicorganizationcreatefeelingsofoptimism.Whenanorganizationisshrinking,thebesta

ndmobileworkersarelikelytoleavevoluntari1y.(1).Theminoremployeesremainbecause

theirjoboptionsarelimited.Morale(士气)alsosuffersduringdecline.Peoplefeartheymay

bethenexttobemadeunnecessary.ProductivityoftenSuffers,asemployeesspendtheirtime

sharingrumorsandprovidingoneanotherwithmoralsupportratherthanfocusingontheirjobs.

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(2).Paycuts,unheardofduringtimesofgrowth,mayevenbeimposed.Thechallengeto

managementishowtomotivateemployeesundersuchspecialconditions.

(3).Forexample,ifthejobisrunningasmallbusinessoranautonomousunitwithinalarger

business,highachieversshouldbesought.Highachieverswilldobestwhenthejobprovides

moderatelychallenginggoatsandwherethereisindependenceandfeedback.

Theliteratureongoal-settingtheorysuggeststhatmanagersshouldensurethatallemployees

havespecificgoalsandreceivecommentsonhowwelltheyaredoinginthosegoals.Regardless

ofwhethergoalsareachievableorwellwithinmanagement'sperceptionsoftheemployee's

ability,ifemployeesseethemasunachievabletheywillreducetheireffort.(4).

Sinceemployeeshavedifferentneeds,managersshouldusetheirknowledgeofeachemployee

topersonalizetherewardsoverwhichtheyhavecontrol.Someofthemoreobviousrewardsthat

managersallocateincludepay,promotionsandtheopportunitytoparticipateingoal-settingand

decision-making.

28.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.F

29.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.F

30.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.F

31.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.F

32.CanBirdsongMakeYouHappier?Ifyouareabletostepoutsideandhearmanytypesof

birds,youmightalsohaveagreaterfeelingofwell-being.Twostudiesshowthathearing

diversebirdsongsmayhelpincreaseourhappiness.

OnestudywasdonebytheresearchersatCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity.The

teamstudiedtheeffectsofbirdsongonpeoplewalkingthroughaparkintheU.S.stateof

Colorado.DanielleFerraro,wholedtheCalPolystudy,saysthattherecouldbean

evolutionaryreasonwhywelikebirdsong.Theideaisthatwhenwehearbirdsongitcould

signalsafetytous.TherecouldbemanyotherreasonstooFerrarostatesthatinsomeareas

aroundtheworldbirdsongcanalsosignalthearrivalofspringandniceweather.Bird

diversity,sheadds,canalsomeanahealthyenvironment.

Similarly,scientistsinGermanyexaminedforthefirsttimewhetheradiversenaturealso

increaseshumanwell-beingacrossEurope.TheresearcherslookedattheEuropean

QualityofLifeSurveytostudytheconnectionbetweenthedifferentkindsofbirdsintheir

surroundingsandlifesatisfaction.Theylookedatmorethan26,000adultsfrom26

Europeancountries.''Europeansareparticularlysatisfiedwiththeirlivesiftheir

surroundingshaveahighspeciesdiversity,"explainsthestudy'sleadauthor,Joel

Methorst,aresearcherattheGoetheUniversityinFrankfurt.Heandhisteamfoundthatthe

happiestEuropeansarethosewhocanexperiencemanydifferentkindsofbirdsintheir

dailylife,orwholiveinnear-naturalsurroundingsthatarehometomanyspecies.

So,ifbirdsongisgoodforourmentalhealth,howcanweincreasethedifferenttypesof

birdsongswehear?Scientistsalsomentioned,HWewouldrecommendplantingnative

treesandflowersbecausewehavealotofprettydecorativeplantsinourcities.Andthey

mightlooknicetous,butbirdscan,tnecessarilyusethem.So,wethinkitimportanttohave

speciesthatarenativetotheareatoincreasebirddiversity.',

33.李华习惯每周日早上帮妈妈拖地板。(rule)

34.在任何情况下，我们都不能自行修理这电烤炉，以免发生危险。(circumstance)

35.回忆起那段收获满满的志愿者经历，他依旧对当时给予他帮助的当地居民心怀感激。

(grateful)

36.回到祖国母亲怀抱，她抑制不住内心的激动，说道，"有五星红旗的地方，就有信

念的灯塔，如果信念有颜色，那一定是中国红！"(where)

37.Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructions

givenbelowinChinese.

近一年来，为了促进学生身心健康和全面发展，学校进一步加强了对学生作业、睡

眠、手机、读物、体质五个方面的管理。每一位在校学生都能感受到这项举措带来

的变化。《TheTeens》杂志社向青少年读者征稿，希望大家能分享这一举措在各

校的具体落实情况。假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，请就其中一个方面的管理描

述自己的经历并发表对此的看法。

第12页，共28页

答案和解析

1.【答案】【小题1】flew

【小题2]but

【小题3]should

【小题4]tobecriticized

【小题5】before

【小题6】developed

【小题7】going

【小题8]what

【小题9]As

【小题10]areput

【解析】(1)flew.考查动词时态。句意：这位亚马逊的亿万富翁创始人乘坐由其公司

BlueOrigin设计的火箭飞到了距离地球表面62英里(100公里)的太空边缘。结合句意

可知，此处在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，故填flew。

(2)but.考查连词。句意：贝佐斯在安全返回地球后通过无线电向任务控制中心表示，

但其他人对此印象不深。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，故填but。

(3)should.考查情态动词。句意：他们认为，贝佐斯应该花费数十亿美元来改善地球

上的一切。should表示"应该"符合句意，故填should。

(4)tobecriticized.考查动词不定式及语态.句意：他也不是第一个被批评浪费巨额个

人财富的人。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作定语修饰名词thefirst,且he与criticize

之间是被动关系，故填tobecriticized。

(5)before.考查时间状语从句。句意：在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周，企业主理

查德•布兰森也创造了历史。before表示"在…之前”符合句意，故填before。

(6)developed.考查过去分词。句意:布兰森成为第一个乘坐他帮助资助的火箭飞往太

空的人，该火箭由他的公司维珍银河公司开发。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定

语，rocket与develop之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填developed。

(7)going.考查现在分词。句意：批评者说，用于商业太空旅行的资金最好花在他们认

为更重要的追求上。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，money与go之间是主

动关系，故用现在分词作定语，故填going。

第14页，共28页

(8)what.考查宾语从句。句意：批评者说，用于商业太空旅行的资金最好花在他们认

为更重要的追求上。分析句子可知，此处引导on后面的宾语从句，从句中缺少see的

宾语，表示"追求的东西"，故填what。

(9)As.考查定语从句。句意：正如博物学家霍莉•霍沃斯(HollyHaworth)在《塞拉》

(Sierra)杂志上指出的那样，”乘坐火箭旅行可以说是个人能做的最具碳排放的事情。

"分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，表示"正如"，指代一件事，且置于句首，

首字母大写，故填As。

(10)areput.考查动词时态及语态。句意：个人资金被投入高薪工作和一个新行业。结

合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语funds与put之间是被动

关系，故填areput。

本文为议论文，主要讲述个人资产应该投入到什么地方。

语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固

定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

2.【答案】【小题1】D

【小题2】A

【小题3】K

【小题4】I

【小题5]G

【小题6】J

【小题7】H

【小题8】B

【小题9]E

【小题10]C

【解析】(1)D.考查名词。句意：这些戏剧性的场面成为2021年9月的头条新闻。

结合语境，此处表示上文所叙述的事件已经成为新闻头条，名词headline,意为“头条新

闻”，使用复数形式作动词made的宾语，符合句意。故选D项。

(2)A.考查语态。句意：多达4050万人已经受气候危机的影响而流离失所。根据后

文"bytheeffectsoftheclimatecrisis"可知，受气候危机的影响，多达4050万人被迫离开

自己的家园，动词displace,意为"迫使(某人)离开家园"，与主语Asmanyas40.5million

people之间是被动关系，空处填写过去分词形式displaced构成现在完成时的被动语态，

符合句意。故选A项。

(3)K.考查不定式。句意：根据经济与和平研究所的数据，到2050年，将有超过10

亿人生活在缺乏抵御海平面上升的基本系统和服务的国家。空处在句中作后置定语，应

用不定式形式修饰thebasicsystemsandservices,空前出现不定式to,后接动词原形形式即

可，动词withstand意为"抵御”符合句意。故选K项。

(4)I.考查名词。句意：近年来，建筑师和其他人更迫切地探索的一个解决方案是建

造浮动城市。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，architectsandothershavebeenexploringwith

moreurgencyinrecentyears是定语从句，根据句意，空处应填写名词solution,表示"解决

方法"，作先行词。故选I项。

(5)G.考查形容词。句意：2019年，联合国召集了一批创新者、科学家和海洋工程

师讨论不确定的海洋社区的未来。根据后文"Asourclimateandwaterecosystemsare

changing,thewayourcitiesretaketowaterneedstochange,too."可知，气候和水生态系统在

变化，城市的建设方式也要发生变化，所以海洋社区的未来是不确定的，空处修饰名词

communities,应用形容词，neutral是形容词，表示"不确定的"