2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型专训三阅读理解-总结文章题目类

2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型专训（3）

阅读理解…总结文章题目类

1.Yesterdaynight,overadinnerwithmyelderbrother'sfamily,atopicofhappinesscame

up.Mywife,Marla,apsychologist,wassharingCsikszentmihalyi'sconceptof"flow"withus.

Marlaexplainedthataccordingtotheresearchonflow,peoplearehappiestwhentheyare

absorbedinataskthatisjustchallengingenoughforthemtoexperienceasenseofmastery（熟练）.

Afewmomentslatermybrother,Yuri,offeredthefollowingopinion:t4Thefirstandonly,

necessaryandsufficientfactorforhappinessistostopassociatinghappinesswithpleasure.The

two—happinessandpleasure——havenothingtodowitheachother.^^Thismorning,withmycup

ofcoffee,Isearchedthroughapileofbooksonmybedsidetableand-atthebottom-founda

bookbyBertrandRussell,Istartedreadingbutdidn'tfinish.Init,Ifoundthefollowingthought:

“Thehumananimal,likeothers,isadaptedtoacertainamountofstruggleforlife,andwhen

bymeansofgreatwealthhomosapienscangratifyallhiswhims（突发奇想）withouteffort,the

mereabsenceofeffortfromhisliferemovesanessentialingredientofhappiness/'

Theconversationcamefullcircle:peoplearehappiestwhentheyareinastateofflow

（Csikszentmihalyi?slanguage）...whichistheeffortfuldevotioninamoment...whichhasnothing

todowithpleasure.

Indeed,asYuriinsisted:happiness-as-pleasureisamyth;theassociationbetween

happinessandpleasureisnothingbutasemantic（语义的）habit;psychologically,the

two-happinessandpleasure-arearguablydifferent;andbreakingupthisassociationbetween

pleasureandhappinessmight,infact,beapowerfullyfirststepinpursuitofhappiness.

AsIlookbackonthatexchange,Irecallthattherewasaneffort,astruggletofinda

commonunderstandingaboutthisseeminglydifficultidea-astrugglethatmademehappy.

l.Theauthorwrotethistextmainlyto.

A.lookbackonthehappynightB.advisereaderstoreadBertrandRussell

C.tellreadershowtobehappiestD.showdifferentopinionsonfamilygathering

2.AccordingtoMarla,peoplefeelhappiestwhenthey.

A.getwhattheywantwithouteffortB.masterthehappinessaroundthem

C.involvethemselvesinachallengingtaskD.experiencethingsthatcanbringpleasure

3.Whatwritingstyleisusedbytheauthortoexplainhappiness?

A.Givingexamples.B.Usingquotes.

C.Makingcomparisons.D.Offeringarguments.

4.Thebesttitleofthetextmayprobablybe.

A.ThestruggleforlifeB.Happinessaspleasure

C.AtopicoverthedinnerD.Theeffortforhappiness

2.Somethingstrangehasbeenhappeningtomelately:Womeninthestreethavebeentelling

meI'mbrave.

Myactofcourageisn'tmuch-1juststoppedcoloringmyhair.Ihadbrownhairthatstarted

goinggraywhenIwas30.So,likealotofwomen,Istarteddyeing（染）it.Itwasexpensiveand

time-consuming.Andmyhairgrowsfast,soIneededtogobacktothehairsalon（美发厅）every

5weeks.

Manypeopleseemtoenjoyholdingontotheiryouthfbraslongaspossible,givingoffthe

impressionthattheydon'thavemuchwisdomormanyaccomplishments.Butourhairstartsto

turngrayandsuddenlywestartspending$500ormoreayeartocoversomethingourmale

colleaguesdon'tneedtocover.

Ofcourse,peopleshoulddowhattheywantwiththeirownbody-mymotheris91andstill

has"blond”hair,andwhynot?IjustwishmoreofuswouldfeelthatitwasOKtobeourselves,

becausegoinggrayhasdonemoreformethansavingmetimeandmoney.

Ilikemynaturalhair,justasitis.Ilikehowithasgotcurlyandfullagain.Itisrecovering

afteryearsofbeingdamagedbychemicals.Ialsolikethatithasgivenmesomeneededattitudein

asocietythatmakesyouthseemsoimportant,whilebeingagainstmaturity.Itremindsmethat

I'mnotakidanymore-andthisisn'tabadthing.NotbeingakidanymoremeansIreadthebooks

Iwant,andnotthebooks1feelIshouldread.ItmeansnotwastingmytimeateventsIdon'tneed

toattendwhenI'dratherbewithmyfamilyandfriends.

WhenIseemyhairinthemirror,it'sareminderthatmytimeislimited,andIshouldspend

itdoingwhatmatters.There'snothingshamefulaboutgrowingolder.Andpretendingit'snot

happeningisawayofgivingupourpower.

Iseemygrayhairasalittleactofrebellion（反叛）againsttheideathatpeoplelosevalueas

theyage,insteadofgainingit.Iseegrayhairasmy"flag"andI'mlettingitflyproudly.

l.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutcoloringhair?

A.Itshowspeople'sgreatcourage.B.Itisagoodwaytoholdontoyouth.

C.Itshowswisdomandaccomplishments.D.Itisnotworththetimeandmoneyspentonit.

2.Whatshouldwedowhenwegrowoldaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Giveupourpower.B.Pretendtobestillyoung.

C.Acceptitandactpositively.D.Readasmanybooksaspossible.

3.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Toexplainwhyyouthisvalued.

B.Toshareheropinionongrowingolder.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofdifferentattitudes.

D.Toanalyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofaging.

4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HoldingOntoYouthB.DyeingYourHair

C.GainingValueWithAgeD.ValuingWisdomOfAge

3.Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure,expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhome

couldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.youcanmakeyour

environmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopart

ofyourdietplan.

Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights,darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourage

overeating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious（难为情）whenthey'reinpoorlylit

places—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn,thaveenoughwindowlight,

getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewho

atemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warm

colorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.

Sowhenit'stimetorepaint,goblue.

Don'tforgettheclock-ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewer

calories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthe

time,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdownto

eat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorush

throughameal.

Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakesusfat.Weeatabout22

percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoon

overasmallerone,totalintake（摄入）jumpsby14percent.AndweUlpourabout30percentmore

liquidintoashort,wideglassthanakill,skinnyglass.

I.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout____.

A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshape

C.housebuyingD.healthydiets

2.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.

A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintake

C.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites

3.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?

A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic

C.UsesmallerspoonsD.Tumdownthelights

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinner

C.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

4.Anewdevice（设备）workslikeasolarpanel,exceptitdoesn'tharvestenergyfromthe

suntoproduceelectricity.Instead,itusesenergyfromthecoldnightsky.

Inthecenterofthisdeviceisathermoelectricgenerator（热电发电机）,whichusesthe

temperaturedifferencebetweenEarthandouterspacetocreateelectricity.

Aslongasonesideofitiscoolerthantheother,thegeneratorcanproduceelectricity.The

coolersidefacestheskyandisattachedtoanaluminumplate.Thatplateissealedundera

transparentcoverandsurroundedwithmaterialsthatkeepheatout.Itstayscoolerthanthe

surroundingairbygettingridofanyheatitabsorbsasinfrared（红外线的）radiation.That

radiationcanzipupthroughthetransparentcoverandontowardouterspace.

Thebottomofthegeneratorisattachedtoanexposedaluminumplate,whichiswarmedby

thelocalair.Atnight,thetopplatecangetseveraldegreescentigradecoolerthanthebottomof

thegenerator.

ResearcherstestedthedeviceoneclearDecembernightinStanford,Calif.Thegenerator

produceduptoabout25milliwattsofpowerpersquaremeterofthedevice.Thatwasjustenough

powertolightasmallelectriclamp.Furtherimprovementsmightdevelopitsproductiontoatleast

500milliwattspersquaremeter.

“It'saverycleveridea,"saysYuanYang,amaterialsscientistwhoworksatColumbia

UniversityinNewYorkCity.nThedevicestillneedsimproving,*'henotes."Butthisnewdevice

maybeusefulforbackuppower,'1Yangsays."Itmightalsoprovideabitofenergytopeople

livinginareasthatlackelectricity.H

“Thedevicecouldhelppowerremoteweatherstationsorotherenvironmentaldevices/says

AaswathRaman,amaterialsscientistwhoworkedonthedeviceattheUniversityofCalifornia,

LosAngeles.What*smore,thismaybeusefulinareasthatdon'tseesunlightfbrmonthsatatime,

Ramanadds.

l.Howisthedevicedesigned?

A.Itincludestwoaluminumplateswithdifferentfunctions.

B.ltisequippedwithaheatresistantgeneratorinthecenter.

C.Itstwoaluminumplatesareexposedtoairtokeepheatout.

D.Itsgeneratorissealedbyatransparentcovertoremaincool.

2.Whatisthelimitationwiththetesteddevice?

A.Itwon*tbeexpandedtobemuchlarger.B.ltfailstoproduceelectricityfastenough.

C.Itisunabletopowersmallelectriclamps.D.Itproducesalimitedamountofelectricity.

3.Inparagraph6,YuanYangmainlyintendsto.

A.evaluatethedeviceonapositivebasisB.pointouttheproblemswiththedevice

C.explaintheresearchworkfbrthedeviceD.commentonAaswathRaman'sprediction

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LampsArePoweredbytheEnergyFromtheColdNightSky

B.AGeneratorProducingElectricityHasBeenAppliedinManyAreas

C.ScientistsHaveMadeaBreakthroughinHarvestingGreenEnergy

D.ADeviceUsesEnergyFromtheColdNightSkytoProduceElectricity

5.Inthewinterof1910,Dr.WuLien-TehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityof

Harbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery,atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths,

anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina,killing99.9%ofitsvictims.

TheQingImperialcourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic.

WhenDrWuarrivedinHarbinonChristmasEve,1910,hecarriedlittleinthewayof

medicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWu*sfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetup

specialquarantine（隔离）unitsandtoorderlockdownstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingand

spreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases,andevenmanagedto

convinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.Ofparticular

concernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday,whichhadbecomeagreatannual

migrationofpeopletravelingacrossthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.

ThankstoDr.Wu'sefforts,thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodiedown,andbyMarch

1,1911,theepidemicwasfullycontained.Thepneumonic（肺炎的）plagueoutbreakof

1910-1911lastednearlyfourmonths,affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities,andaccounted

forover60,000deaths.ItisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisiveactionstakenbyDr.Wu,it

couldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked,allowingholidayrailpassengers

tospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossibly

aglobalhealthcrisis.

InApril1911,Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang,attendedby

scientistsfrom11countiesincludingtheUnitedStates,GreatBritain,Russia,JapanandFrance.

TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe1910-1911outbreak.Foratime,Dr.Wuwasthe

world'smostfamousplaguefighter,atitlebedefendedinamalariaepidemicinChinain1919,

andareturnofplaguein1921.

1.WhatwasDrWu*smissionin1910?

A.Totakepersonalrisk.B.Toendanepidemic.

C.Toprovidemedicaleducation.D.Toinvestigatethenumberofvictims.

2.WhichofDrWu'sactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?

A.Settingupspecialquarantineunitsaroundthecountry.

B.Treatinginfectedpersonswithhismedicalinstruments.

C.Checkinghouseholdshimselfforpossiblecases.

D.Convincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.ThediseaseworsenedafterMach1,1911.

B.60,000wouldhavediedwithoutDrWu'sefforts.

C.Aglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe1910-1911outbreak.

D.Theplaguebrokeoutagainabout10yearslater.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.APlagueFighter

B.AGlobalHealthCrisis

C.TheBeginningoftheChinesePublicHealthSystem

D.APlagueOutbreak

6.ArchaeologistsusedDNAtakenfromabrokenclaypipestemfoundinMarylandtobuild

apictureofanenslavedwomanwhodiedaround200yearsagoandhadoriginsinmodern-day

SierraLeone.Oneresearchercalledthework“amind-blower.”

“Inthisparticularcontext,andfromthattimeperiod,Ithinkifsafirst,teammember

HannesSchroedertoldTheWashingtonPost."TobeabletogetDNAfromanobjectlikeapipe

stemisquiteexciting.Alsoitisexcitingfordescendant（后裔）communities.Throughthis

technology,they^eabletomakeaconnectionnotonlytothesitebutpotentiallybacktoAfrica.^^

ThepipestemwasfoundattheBelvoirplantationinCrownsville,Maryland,where

enslavedpeopleliveduntil1864andwherealikelyslavecemeterywasrecentlyfound.DNA

takenfromthepipelinkedbacktoawomaneitherdirectlyfromordescendedfromtheMende

people,wholivedinwestAfrica,inanareanowpartofSierraLeone.

JulieSchablitsky,thechiefarchaeologistwiththeMarylandstatehighwayadministration,

toldThePostthediscovery,basedonsaliva（唾液）absorbedintotheclaypipe,wasa

“mind-blower”.ShealsosaidrecordsshowtheexistenceofaslavetraderouteSierraLeoneto

Annapolis,plied（定期往来）byBritishandAmericanships.4tAssoonaspeoplesteppedonthose

slaveshipsinAfrica,^^shesaid,"whethertheywerefromBeninorwhethertheywerefromSierra

Leone,wherevertheywerefrom,thatidentitywaslost.Theirhumanityisrobbed.Whotheyareas

apeoplehasgone.^^

ThenewanalysisispartofongoingresearcharoundBelvoirthathasgivendescendantsof

thepeopleenslavedtherenewinsightintothelivesoftheirancestors.SpeakingtoThePost,

NancyDaniels,agenealogistfromLaurel,Maryland,whothinkssheisadescendantofenslaved

familiesfromBelvoirbutwasnotlinkedtotheresearchonthepipe,calledthediscovery

“overwhelming.”'Tmsittinghereaboutreadytocry,“shesaid."I'msorry.Pmsohappy...Thank

GodfortheDNA."

Thisyear,eventsandceremoniesarebeingheldtomarkthe400thanniversaryofthearrival

ofthefirstenslavedpeopleinAmerica,atJamestown,Virginia,in1619.

l.Whatdoesthephrase“amind-blower^^inparagraphs1and4referto?

A.AsurpriseB.AconfusionC.AnexcitementD.Afascination

2.AccordingtoHannesSchroeder,thepipestemwasofgreatsignificancebecause.

A.itwasthefirstdirectevidencethatslaveslivinginMarylandwereoriginallyfromAfrica.

B.ithelpedthearchaeologiststodrawaportraitoftheenslavedwoman.

C.itmightcontributetoidentifyingthebirthplaceofthedescendantcommunities.

D.itcontainedgeneticcluestotheancestralbackgroundofitsowner.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.TheownerofthepipeoncelivedinwhatisnowanareainwestAfrica.

B.ThehistoryofslaveryinAmericaisanongoingtopicofconcern.

C.AfricanslaveslosttheiridentitieswhentheyarrivedattheBelvoirplantation.

D.NancyDaniels,agenealogistwassorryfbrnotbeinginvolvedintheresearch.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefbrthepassage?

A.DNAfromanoldpipethrowslightsontheoriginsoftheenslaved

B.AnewresearchrevealstheoriginsofenslavedAfricanwoman

C.Thedescendantsofenslavedpeopleseektheiridentities

D.DNAcontributestothebreakthroughofanewresearch

7.Whenyouthinkofbatteries,you'lllikelythinkaboutthempoweringupremotecontrols,

cellphones,flashlightsandtoys.Butsomepeoplecarryabatteryaroundintheirbodytopowera

pacemaker（起搏器）.Ilisn'treallypleasantandeasytocarrybatteriesbecausetheyneedtobe

replacedsooftenandtheycanleakpoisonouschemicals.Abattery-poweredpacemakermay

becomeathingofthepast,thankstoanewtechnologydevelopedbyUCLAresearchers:A

biologicalsupercapacitor（超级电容器）,whichisthinnerthanseveralhairs.

TeamsofresearchersatUCLAandtheUniversityofConnecticutpublishedapaperina

journalexplainingtheirnewinvention.Thesupercapacitorismadefromacarbon_material,and

coatedwithhuman-likeproteinsthatactaselectrodes（电极）.Butwhatmakesthedevicedifferent

isthatitispoweredbyanenergyharvesterthatchangesbodyheatandmovementinthebloodinto

energy.

ThosetraditionalpacemakersaresixtoeightmillimetersthickTheyaremuchbigger.The

newsupercapacitor,which,duetoitslackofbattery,isonlyonemicrometerthick.This“little”

featurecouldbenefitthenewpacemaker'senergyefficiencyresearchersstated.Also,unlikeother

batteriesusedinmedicaltreatments,thesupercapacitorcanbendandtwistinthebodywithout

sufferingdamage.

Thoughthey'venotbeenwidelyusedinthemedicalworld,supercapacitorshavetheability

taserveasasaferandmoreefficientmedicaldevicethanthetraditionalbattery-operateddevices,

theresearchersbelieve.

“Inordertobeeffective,batteryfreepacemakersmusthavesupercapacitorsthatcanget,

storeandtransportenergy.However,commercialsupercapacitorsaretooslowtomakethem

work”,saidMaherEl-Kady,aUCLAresearcherandco-authorofthestudy.HOurresearchfocused

onthecustom-designedsupercapacitortocaptureenergyeffectively,andfindingawaytomakeit

existtogethersuccessfullywiththehumanbody.'1

1.Whatdoweknowabouttraditionalpacemakers?

A.Theyareverypopularwithusers.B.Theyneedtobereplacedquiteoften.

C.Theycandoharmtotheusers'bodies.D.Theyarereallyconvenienttocarryaround.

2.Whatisspecialaboutthenewsupercapacitor?

A.Ithaselectrodesontheoutside,B.Itismadefromakindofproteinmaterial.

C.Ithelpssavethecarriers*moneyandenergy.D.Itcantransformtheenergyfromthebody.

3.Whichofthefollowingmakesthenewpacemakerenergy-efficient?

A.Thesmallsize.B.Thesmallbattery.

C.Theenergyharvester.D.Thebendingandtwistingcharacters.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ANewPacemakerthatDoesn*tNeedtoUseBatteries

B.ABattery-PoweredPacemakerIsHarmingPeople'sBody

C.PeopleTodayAren'tWillingtoUsetheTraditionalPacemakerAnyLonger

D.UCLAResearchersAreCommittedtotheCauseoftheMedicalEquipment

8.HarryPottermoviesarehugehitsandlovedbychildrenallovertheworld.Kidscanlose

themselvesinthewonderfulworldofmagicwhilelearningvaluesthatareimportanttothem.

That'swhyPaulaDuPrePesman,theassociateproduceroftheHarryPottermovies,foundit

sohardtoleavethisbehindwhenchoosingtostartherorganizationThereWithCarethathelps

familieswithsickchildren.

Hermovetowardscharityworkdidnothappenbychance.Whileworkingonthesetof

"HarryPotterandtheSorcerer'sStone",Pesmanreceivedacallaskingifshecouldrealizethe

wishofachild,whowasafannamedGillianwithawishtoseeamovieaboutHarryPotter.

Thoughsuchawishseemedimpossibletoachieve,Pesmanbroughttogetherthecrewwho

togetherovercamethechallengesandputtogetherarough-cutscreeningfortheyounggirl.

Pesman'sdeterminationtohelpGilliancamefromherownexperienceoflivingwithher

husband,whohadfoughtandwonthebattlewithcancer.CarryingoutGillian'swishenabledher

towitnesshowpowerfulsupportingafamilyinneedcanbe.Sosheleftthecareershelovedin

2005tostartherorganization.

ThereWithCareprovidesmanyservicesthatfamiliesinneedrarelyfind,suchas

transportationtoandfromthehospital,gascards,deepcleaningservices,clothingandmeals,

especiallywhenkidsareinhospital.Nowtheorganizationhashelpedover4,000families.

Lookingback,shesaid,HInawayIthinkeverythingcametogethersothattodaywewould

beherehelping.Itgaveusanewpuiposeandanewwayofhelpingpeople."

l.WhydoestheauthortalkaboutHarryPottermoviesinparagraph1?

A.Tointroduceanonprofitorganization.B.ToexpressadmirationforPesman'schoice.

C.Toprovethepopularityofthemovies.D.ToexplainwhyPesmanquitasaproducer.

2.WhatinspiredPesmantofoundThereWithCare?

A.ThesuccessofHarryPottermovies.B.Herenthusiasmforhelpingtheneedy.

C.Theexperienceofrealizingagirl'swish.D.Herlivingwithhercancer-sufferinghusband.

3.WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribePesman?

A.Warm-heartedandgenerous.B.Strong-mindedandambitious.

C.Easy-goingandunderstanding.D.Hard-workingandcreative.

4.Whichwillbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ASickGirfsWishFinallyCameTrueB.ThereWithCareWasBornfromMovies

C.HarryPotterMoviesHelpedSickChildrenD.AProducerLeftMoviestoDoCharitable

Work

答案以及解析

1.答案：l.C;2.C;3.B;4.D

解析：1.推理判断题.根据第一段中的

'（peoplearehappiestwhentheyareabsorbedinataskthatisjustchallengingenoughforthemtoe

xperienceasenseofmastery（熟练）.”、第四段中的

"peoplearehappiestwhentheyareinastateofflow（Csikszentmihalyi'slanguage”以及第五

段中的

"breakingupthisassociationbetweenpleasureandhappinessmight,infact,beapowerfullyfirsts

tepinpursuitofhappiness.”等内容可知,作者主要是想告诉我们如何最快乐，因此答案选C.

2.细节推理题.根据第一段Marlaexplainedthataccordingtotheresearchonflow,peopleare

happiestwhentheyareabsorbedinataskthatisjustchallengingenoughforthemtoexperiencea

senseofmastery（熟练）,可知Marla认为人们最高兴的是专注于一项具有挑战性和体验熟练感

的任务，故选C.

3.推理判断题.根据第二段mybrother,Yuri,offeredthefollowingopinion:"Thefirstand

only,.......和Ifoundthefollowingthought:........可知在解释happiness时作者运用了引用，故选

B.

4.主旨大意题.文中作者介绍了h叩piness和pleasure的不同，如何得到快乐的方法,D项:The

effortforhappiness指为幸福付出的努力，能概括全文作为标题，故选D.

2.答案：l.D;2.C;3.B;4.D

解析：1.事实细节题.根据第四段最后一句找到答案,1justwishmoreofuswouldfeelthatitwas

OKtobeourselves,becausegoinggrayhasdonemoreformethansavingmetimeandmoney.可

以看出坦然做自己就好，头发变灰白接受年龄比节省时间和金钱带来的感受更重要.说明花在

这上面的时间和金钱是不值得的.故选D.

2.事实细节题.根据倒数第二段.There'snothingshamefulaboutgrowingolder.Andpretending

it*snothappeningisawayofgivingupourpower.可知，当我们老的时候,我们要接受并积极的

回应.故选C.

3.主旨大意题.全篇通过不再染发阐述对于变老的思考和态度，在文章五六七段都提到了自己

坦然面对白发，面对年龄的感慨，故选B.

4,主旨大意题.文章全文脉络是由染发提出问题，有反思有感慨，最后得出坦然变老的态度.通

过最后一段第一句Iseemygrayhairasalittleactofrebellion（反叛）againsttheideathatpeople

losevalueastheyage,insteadofgainingit.可以看出:不是获得，虽然文中最后有gaining这个

词，但是更多的要面对要珍惜，是提醒.故选D.

3.答案：BBCA

解析：LB［提示:推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，专家认为房间的设计和体重的增减

有关，所以这篇文章对关心体形的人有帮助。］

2.B［提示:细节理解题。根据第三段可知，在蓝色房间用餐的人们比在黄色或红色房间用

餐的人们吃得少。］

3.C［提示：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，明亮的环境会使人吃得少。根据第四段可知，慢

吃且听放松的音乐比快吃好。另外，最后一段告诉我们用小号的餐具也会使我们吃得少。］

4.A［提示：主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们一个人的房间的灯光、颜色等与用餐时摄入的量

有关，即与你的胖瘦行关。］

4.答案：l.A;2.D;3.A;4.D

解析：1.细节理解题.根据第三段"Thecoolersidefacestheskyandisattachedtoanaluminum

plate.Thatplateissealedunderatransparentcoverandsurroundedwithmaterialsthatkeepheat

out.Itstayscoolerthanthesurroundingairbygettingridofanyheatitabsorbsasinfrared（红外线

的）radiation.较冷的一面面向天空，贴在一块铝板上.铝板被一个透明的盖子密封起来，并被隔

绝热量的材料包围着.它通过消除吸收的任何红外线辐射热量，保持比周围空气更冷.”及第四

段"Thebottomofthegeneratorisattachedtoanexposedaluminumplate,whichiswarmedby

thelocalair.发电机底部连接在暴露的铝板上,铝板由当地空气加热可知，这种设备装有两

种功能相同的铝板.故选A.

2.推理判断题.根据第五段"Thegeneratorproduceduptoabout25milliwattsofpowerpersquare

meterofthedevice.Thatwasjustenoughpowertolightasmallelectriclamp.Further

improvementsmightdevelopitsproductiontoatleast500milliwattspersquaremeter.这台发电

机每平方米产生的功率高达25毫瓦.这刚好足够点亮一盏小电灯.进一步的改进可能会使其

每平方米至少产生500毫瓦."可推断，这个被测试的设备产生的电量是有限的.故选D.

3.推理判断题.原文"It'saverycleveridea.这种设备是一"1、非常聪明的想法以及Itmightalso

provideabitofenergytopeoplelivinginareasthatlackelectricity也可能为生活在缺少电的地

方的人们提供一点能源."材料科