阶段全真模考1阅读卷答案

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassage1Questions1-Youshouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassage1Questions1-READINGPASSAGEAdultsandchildrenarefrequentlyconfrontedwithaboutthealarmingrateoflossoftropicalrainforests.relateistheestimatethatrainforestsarebeingdestroyedarateequivalenttoonethousandfootballfieldseverywheretheyare,whytheyareimportant,whatendangersthem学前先扫下二维码哦，扫扫有惊oftheseideaswillbeManyoftheseideaswillbeManystudieshaveshownthatharbourorganised,conceptualframework,makingitandtheideas,someofwhichareerroneous,morerobustbutaccessibletomodification.Theseideasmaybedevelopedchildrenabsorbingideasthroughthepopularmedia.thisinformationmaybeerroneous.ItseemsschoolsmaynotDespitetheextensivecoverageinthepopularmediaofavailableaboutchildren’sideasinthisarea.Theaimofpresentstudyistoavailableaboutchildren’sideasinthisarea.Theaimofpresentstudyistostarttoprovidesuchinformation,teachersdesigntheireducationalstrategiestocorrectideasandtodisplacemisconceptionsandprogrammesinenvironmentalstudiesintheiraquestionnairecontainingfiveopen-formquestions.Theareself-evidentfromtheterm‘rainforest’.SomeSouthAmerica(30%),Brazil(25%).Somechildrenalsogavegenerallocations,suchasbeingnearthethreethethatrainforestsprovideanimalswithhabitats.Fewer(70%)thanboys(60%)raisedtheideaofrainforestas(70%)thanboys(60%)raisedtheideaofrainforestasaregenerallyconsistentwithourpreviousstudiesofabouttheuseandconservationofrainforests,inThefourthquestionconcernedthecausesofthedestructiontermssuchas‘weare’.About18%ofthepupilsspecificallytologgingacidrainisresponsibleforrainforestdestruction;astudentsprovidedtheinformationthattherainforestsalsolifeonalsolifeonconservation,themajorityofchildrensimplysaidthatwerainforeststosurvive.Onlyafewofthepupils(6%)thatrainforestdestructionmaycontributetoglobalThisissurprisingconsideringthehighlevelofmediaonthisissue.Somechildrenexpressedtheideathatconservationofrainforestsisnotindicatesomemisconceptionsinbasicscientificknowledgerainforests’ecosystemssuchastheirideasaboutashabitatsforanimals,plantsandhumansandthebetweenclimaticchangeanddestructionofdidInotherwords,theygavenoindicationofanappreciationeithertherangeofwaysinwhichrainforestsareimportantthecomplexsocial,economicandpoliticalfactorswhichactivitiesthecomplexsocial,economicandpoliticalfactorswhichactivitiesbedeveloped,whichisessentialforthesechildrenasReadingPassage11TheplightoftherainforestshaslargelybeenignoredbytheTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENthereisnoinformationonABC22ChildrenonlyacceptopinionsonrainforeststhattheyencounterTRUEifthestatementagreeswith22ChildrenonlyacceptopinionsonrainforeststhattheyencounterTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENthereisnoinformationonABC选择答33Ithasbeensuggestedthatchildrenholdmistakenabout‘pure’sciencethattheystudyatTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENthereisnoinformationonABC选择答44Thefactthatchildren’sideasaboutscienceformpartaframeworkofideasmeansthatitiseasiertochangeTRUEifthe44Thefactthatchildren’sideasaboutscienceformpartaframeworkofideasmeansthatitiseasiertochangeTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENthereisnoinformationonABC选择答5 as‘ArethereanyrainforestsTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENthereisnoinformationonABC选择答66Girlsaremorelikelythanboystoholdmistakenviewsrainforests’TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictsthe66Girlsaremorelikelythanboystoholdmistakenviewsrainforests’TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENthereisnoinformationonABC77Thestudyreportedfollowsonfromaseriesofstudiesthatlookedatchildren’sunderstandingofTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENthereisnoinformationonABC88AsecondstudyhasbeenplannedtoinvestigateprimaryschoolsideasaboutrainTRUE88AsecondstudyhasbeenplannedtoinvestigateprimaryschoolsideasaboutrainTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheNOTABC9Questions9-READINGPASSAGEAdultsandchildrenarefrequentlyconfrontedwithaboutthealarmingrateofAdultsandchildrenarefrequentlyconfrontedwithaboutthealarmingrateoflossoftropicalrainforests.relateistheestimatethatrainforestsarebeingdestroyedarateequivalenttoonethousandfootballfieldseverywheretheyare,whytheyareimportant,whatendangersthemoftheseideaswillbeManystudieshaveshownthatharbourorganised,conceptualframework,makingitandtheideas,someofwhichareerroneous,morerobustbutaccessibletomodification.Theseideasmayideas,someofwhichareerroneous,morerobustbutaccessibletomodification.Theseideasmaybedevelopedchildrenabsorbingideasthroughthepopularmedia.thisinformationmaybeerroneous.ItseemsschoolsmaynotDespitetheextensivecoverageinthepopularmediaofavailableaboutchildren’sideasinthisarea.Theaimpresentstudyistostarttoprovidesuchinformation,teachersdesigntheireducationalstrategiestocorrectideasandtodisplacemisconceptionsandprogrammesinenvironmentalstudiesintheiraquestionnairecontainingfiveopen-formquestions.Theareself-evidentfromtheterm‘rainforest’.SomeSouthAmerica(30%),Brazil(25%).Somechildrenalsogavegenerallocations,suchasbeingneartheSouthAmerica(30%),Brazil(25%).Somechildrenalsogavegenerallocations,suchasbeingnearthethreethethatrainforestsprovideanimalswithhabitats.Fewer(70%)thanboys(60%)raisedtheideaofrainforestasaregenerallyconsistentwithourpreviousstudiesofabouttheuseandconservationofrainforests,inThefourthquestionconcernedthecausesofthedestructiontermssuchas‘weare’.About18%ofthepupilsspecificallytologgingtermssuchas‘weare’.About18%ofthepupilsspecificallytologgingacidrainisresponsibleforrainforestdestruction;astudentsprovidedtheinformationthattherainforestsalsolifeonconservation,themajorityofchildrensimplysaidthatwerainforeststosurvive.Onlyafewofthepupils(6%)thatrainforestdestructionmaycontributetoglobalThisissurprisingconsideringthehighlevelofmediaonthisissue.Somechildrenexpressedtheideathatconservationofrainforestsisnotindicatesomemisconceptionsinbasicscientificknowledgerainforests’ecosystemssuchastheirideasaboutashabitatsforanimals,plantsindicatesomemisconceptionsinbasicscientificknowledgerainforests’ecosystemssuchastheirideasaboutashabitatsforanimals,plantsandhumansandthebetweenclimaticchangeanddestructionofPupilsdidnotvolunteerideasthatsuggestedthattheyappreciatednoindicationofanappreciationofeithertherangeofwaysinrainforestsareimportantorthecomplexsocial,economicandOneencouragementisthattheresultsofstudiesaboutenvironmentalissuessuggestolderseemtoacquireEnvironmentaleducationoffersarenainthesecanfordecision-TheboxbelowgivesalistofresponsesA-PtothequestionnaireinReadingPassageAnswerthefollowingquestionsbychoosingthecorrectresponsesA-Writeyouranswersinboxes9-13onyouranswertherainforests10Whatwasthemostcommonresponsetothequestionaboutimportanceoftherain11Whatdidmostchildrengiveasthereasonforthelossof12Whydidmostchildrenthinkitimportantforthetobe13Whichoftheresponsesiscitedasunexpectedlyuncommon,theamountoftimespentontheissuebythenewspapersAThereisacomplicatedcombinationofreasonsforthelossoftherainforests.destroyingtheforestsofWesternEurope.CRainforestsarelocatedneartheDBrazilishometotheEEWithoutrainforestssomeanimalswouldhavenowheretolive.FRainforestsareimportanthabitatsforalotofplants.GPeopleareresponsibleforthelossoftherainforests.HTherainforestsareasourceofoxygen.IRainforestsareofconsequenceforanumberofdifferentJAstherainforestsaredestroyed,theworldgetsLTherearepeopleforwhomtherainforestsarehome.MRainforestsarefoundNRainforestsarenotreallyimportanttohumanOThedestructionoftherainforestsisthedirectresultofloggingactivity.填写答案：正确答案：M,E,P,QuestionREADINGPASSAGE填写答案：正确答案：M,E,P,QuestionREADINGPASSAGEAdultsandchildrenarefrequentlyconfrontedwithstatementsaboutalarmingrateoflossoftropicalrainforests.Forexample,onerainforestsarebeingdestroyedatarateequivalenttoonefootballfieldseveryfortyminutes-abouttheofaclassroomperiod.Inthefaceofthefrequentandvividcoverage,itislikelythatchildrenwillhaveideasrainforests-whatandwheretheyare,whytheyareimportant,endangersthem-independentofanyformaltuition.ItisalsothatsomeoftheseideaswillbeManystudieshaveshownthatchildrenharbourManystudieshaveshownthatchildrenharbourorganised,conceptualframework,makingitandtheideas,someofwhichareerroneous,morerobustbutaccessibletomodification.Theseideasmaybedevelopedchildrenabsorbingideasthroughthepopularmedia.thisinformationmaybeerroneous.ItseemsschoolsmaynotDespitetheextensivecoverageinthepopularmediaofavailableaboutchildren’sideasinthisarea.Theaimpresentstudyistostarttoprovidesuchinformation,toteachersdesigntheireducationalstrategiestobuildcorrectideasandtodisplacemisconceptionsandtoprogrammesinenvironmentalstudiesincorrectideasandtodisplacemisconceptionsandtoprogrammesinenvironmentalstudiesintheiraquestionnairecontainingfiveopen-formquestions.Theareself-evidentfromtheterm‘rainforest’.SomeSouthAmerica(30%),Brazil(25%).Somechildrenalsogavegenerallocations,suchasbeingnearthethreethethatrainforestsprovideanimalswithhabitats.Fewer(70%)thanboys(60%)raisedtheideaofrainforestasaregenerallyconsistentwithourpreviousstudiesofabouttheuseandconservationofrainforests,inaregenerallyconsistentwithourpreviousstudiesofabouttheuseandconservationofrainforests,inThefourthquestionconcernedthecausesofthedestructiontermssuchas‘weare’.About18%ofthepupilsspecificallytologgingacidrainisresponsibleforrainforestdestruction;astudentsprovidedtheinformationthattherainforestsalsolifeonconservation,themajorityofchildrenconservation,themajorityofchildrensimplysaidthatwerainforeststosurvive.Onlyafewofthepupils(6%)thatrainforestdestructionmaycontributetoglobalThisissurprisingconsideringthehighlevelofmediaonthisissue.Somechildrenexpressedtheideathatconservationofrainforestsisnotindicatesomemisconceptionsinbasicscientificknowledgerainforests’ecosystemssuchastheirideasaboutashabitatsforanimals,plantsandhumansandthebetweenclimaticchangeanddestructionofPupilsdidnotvolunteerideasthatsuggestedthattheyappreciatednoindicationofanappreciationofeithertherangeofwaysinrainforestsareimportantorthecomplexsocial,economicandOneencouragementisthattheresultsofstudiesaboutenvironmentalissuessuggestthatolderseemtoacquireEnvironmentaleducationoffersanarenainwhichtheseskillscanwhichfortheseEnvironmentaleducationoffersanarenainwhichtheseskillscanwhichforthesedecision-Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,C,DorWriteyouranswerinbox14onyouranswer[A]Thedevelopmentofaprogrammeinenvironmentalstudies•ascience•course[C]Theextenttowhichchildrenhavebeenmisledbythe•concerningthe•[E]Theimportanceoftherainforestsandthereasonsfor•选择答案 BCDEYoushouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassage2Questions15-READINGPASSAGEWhatYoushouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassage2Questions15-READINGPASSAGEWhatDoWhalesgroupofmammalscomprisingwhales,dolphinsandgrantedareeitherreducedorabsentincetaceansorfailontheotherhand,appeartohavesomerelatedbrainbutitisnotknownwhetherthesearefunctional.Ithasbeennearlysacrificed.Similarly,althoughatcetaceanstastebuds,thenervesservingdegeneratedoraresmallwhalesoftenremarkontheiranimals’responsivenessbeingtouchedorrubbed,andbothcaptiveandfree-cetaceanindividualsofallspecies(particularlyadultsspecies.Theareaaroundtheblowholeisalsosensitiveandcaptiveanimalsoftenobjectstronglytotouchedspecies.Baleenspeciesstudiedatclosequartersunderwaterspecificallyagreywhalecalfincaptivityforayear,offArgentinaandHawaii-haveobviouslytrackedobjectsvisionunderwater,andtheycanapparentlyseemoderatelybothinvisionunderwater,andtheycanapparentlyseemoderatelybothinwaterandinair.However,thepositionoftheeyesdonothavestereoscopicontheirsideorupsidedownwhilefeeding,suggeststhatfromthewayitwatchesandtracksairborneflyingfish,itAndalthoughpreliminaryexperimentalevidencesuggestsevidencetotheSuchvariationcannodoubtbeexplainedwithreferencetodirectionandintensityofsense.Mostspeciesarehighlyvocal,althoughtheyvaryinrangeofsoundstheyproduce,andmanyforageforfoodecholocation1.Largebaleenwhalesprimarilyusethefrequenciesandareoftenlimitedintheirrepertoire.exceptionsarethenearlysong-likechorusesofbowheadinsummerandthecomplex,hauntingutterancesofthewhales.Toothedspeciesingeneralemploymoreofthespectrum,andproduceawidervarietyofsounds,thanseriesofhigh-energyclicksandlittleelse).SomeoftheCompletethetableChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromReadingPassage2forWriteyouranswers15-21onyouranswerCompletethetableChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromReadingPassage2forWriteyouranswers15-21onyouranswerrelatedbrainstructuresnerveslinkedtotheirsomeareregionaroundtheveryprobablydonotstereoscopicprobablyhavevisionprobablyhavevisionforwardandinair-waterboutuandhavelimitedIndianandintensityvisionforwardandinair-waterboutuandhavelimitedIndianandintensityofmostusuallyuse20(7);usemoreofspectrum;填写答案：正确答案：tastebaleen,forward,downward,freshwaterdolphins,thelowerfrequencies,bowhead,Questions22-READINGPASSAGEWhatDoQuestions22-READINGPASSAGEWhatDoWhalesgroupofmammalscomprisingwhales,dolphinsandgrantedareeitherreducedorabsentincetaceansorfailontheotherhand,appeartohavesomerelatedbrainbutitisnotknownwhetherthesearefunctional.Ithasbeennearlyallsacrificed.Similarly,althoughatleastcetaceanshavetastebeennearlyallsacrificed.Similarly,althoughatleastcetaceanshavetastebuds,thenervesservingthesedegeneratedoraresmallwhalesoftenremarkontheiranimals’responsivenessbeingtouchedorrubbed,andbothcaptiveandfree-cetaceanindividualsofallspecies(particularlyadultsspecies.Theareaaroundtheblowholeisalsosensitiveandcaptiveanimalsoftenobjectstronglytotouchedspecies.Baleenspeciesstudiedatclosequartersunderwaterspecificallyagreywhalecalfincaptivityforayear,offArgentinaandHawaii-haveobviouslytrackedobjectsvisionunderwater,andtheycanapparentlyseemoderatelybothinwaterandinair.However,thepositionoftheeyesdonothavestereoscopicontheirsideorupsidedownwhilefeeding,suggeststhatfromthewayitwatchesandtracksairborneflyingfish,itAndalthoughpreliminaryexperimentalevidencesuggestsevidencetotheSuchvariationcannodoubtbeexplainedwithreferencetodirectionandintensityofsense.Mostspeciesarehighlyvocal,althoughtheyvaryinrangeofsoundstheyproduce,andmanyforageforfoodecholocation1.Largebaleenwhalesprimarilyusethefrequenciesandareoftenlimitedintheirrepertoire.exceptionsarethenearlysong-likechorusesofbowheadinsummerandthecomplex,hauntingutterancesofthewhales.Toothedspeciesingeneralemploymoreofthespectrum,andproduceawidervarietyofsounds,thanseriesofhigh-energyclicksandlittleelse).SomeoftheAnswerthequestionsbelowusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSthepassageforeachAnswerthequestionsbelowusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSthepassageforeachWriteyouranswersinboxes22-26onanswer22Whichoftheisdescribedasinvolved23Whichspeciesupsidedown24Whatcandolphinsfromthe25Whichtypeofhabitatisrelatedgoodvisual26Whichofthesensesisbestdeveloped填写答案：正确答案：touch,freshwaterdolphins,airborneflyingfish,waters,acoustic填写答案：正确答案：touch,freshwaterdolphins,airborneflyingfish,waters,acousticYoushouldspendabout20minutesonReading3Questions27-READING3SymbolsandthePartFromanumberstudies,ithasbecomeclearpeoplecanappreciatetheuseofoutlinesandperspectivesdrawntomyattentiondramaticallywhenablindwomanindrawntomyattentiondramaticallywhenablindwomaninonemyinvestigationsdecidedonherowninitiativetodrawathecircle(Fig.1).lwastakenaback.Linesofmotion,suchtheonesheused,areaveryrecentinventioninthehistoryBusch,atrend-settingnineteenth-centurycartoonist,wheel,oneparticularlycleverrenditionappearedwaysofsuggestingmotion.Majorityrulewouldarguethatdevicesomehowindicatedmotionverywell.Butwasitaline,forthatmatter?Theanswerwasnotclear.SoIdecidedtestwhethervariouslinesofmotionwereaptwaysofmovementoriftheyweremerelyidiosyncraticmarks.IwantedtodiscoverwhetherthereweredifferencesinhowblindandthesightedinterpretedlinesofTosearchouttheseanswers,Icreatedraised-linedrawingsTosearchouttheseanswers,Icreatedraised-linedrawingsIthenaskedeighteenblindvolunteerstofeelthewheelsassignoneofthefollowingmotionstoeachwheel:Allbutoneoftheblindsubjectsassigneddistinctivethewheelwasspinningsteadily;thewavyspokes,theysuggestedthatthewheelwaswobbling;andthebentspokeswasspinningInaddition,thefavoureddescriptionforthesightedwastheblind.BecausemotiondevicesareunfamiliartothethetaskIgavetheminvolvedsomeproblemsolving.however,theblindnotonlyfiguredoutmeaningsforeachhowever,theblindnotonlyfiguredoutmeaningsforeachofmotion,butasagrouptheygenerallycameupwiththemeaningatleastasfrequentlyasdidsightedPartWehavefoundthattheblindunderstandotherkindsofaheart-choosingthatsymbol,shesaid,toshowthatChina,IhavebegunexploringhowwellblindpeoplethesymbolismbehindshapessuchasheartsthatdonotrepresenttheirWegavealistoftwentypairsofwordstosightedsubjectsaskedthemtopickfromeachpairthetermthatbestrelatedweasked:Whatgoeswithsoft?Acircleorasquare?WhichgoeswithAlloursubjectsdeemedthecirclesoftandthesquarehard.tostrong,respectively.Andonly51%linkeddeeptocirclevolunteersusingthesamelist,wefoundthattheircloselyresembledthosemadebythesightedsubjects.Onewhohadbeenblindsincebirth,scoredextremelywell.Heonlyonematchdifferingfromtheconsensus,assigningtosquareand‘near’tocircle.Infact,onlyasmallpartners.Thus,weconcludedthattheblindinterpretshapesassightedpeopleFig.2SubjectswereaskedwhichFig.2Subjectswereaskedwhichwordineachpairfitsbestacircleandwhichwithasquare.ThesepercentagesshowtheofconsensusChoosetheA,B,CorWriteyour27-29onyouranswerbeinterestedinstudyingdrawoutlinesofobjectsbeinterestedinstudyingdrawoutlinesofobjectsand•recogniseconventionsasdraw CDThewriterwassurprisedtheblinddrewacircleonherowndidnotunderstandwhatawheellookedincludedasymbolrepresentingwasthefirstpersontouselinesofABCDFromtheexperimentdescribedinPart1,thewritertheblindhadgoodFromtheexperimentdescribedinPart1,thewritertheblindhadgoodunderstandingofsymbolsrepresentingcouldcontrolthemovementofwheelsveryworkedtogetherwellagroupinsolvinggotresultsABCDQuestions30-READINGPASSAGEVisualthePartFromanumberofrecentstudies,ithasbecomeFromanumberofrecentstudies,ithasbecomeclearthatpeoplecanappreciatetheuseofoutlinesandperspectivesdrawntomyattentiondramaticallywhenablindwomaninonemyinvestigationsdecidedonherowninitiativetodrawathecircle(Fig.1).lwastakenaback.Linesofmotion,suchtheonesheused,areaveryrecentinventioninthehistoryBusch,atrend-settingnineteenth-centurycartoonist,wheel,oneparticularlycleverrenditionappearedwaysofsuggestingmotion.Majorityrulewouldarguethatdevicesomehowindicatedmotionverywell.Butwasitadevicesomehowindicatedmotionverywell.Butwasitaline,forthatmatter?Theanswerwasnotclear.SoIdecidedtestwhethervariouslinesofmotionwereaptwaysofmovementoriftheyweremerelyidiosyncraticmarks.IwantedtodiscoverwhetherthereweredifferencesinhowblindandthesightedinterpretedlinesofTosearchouttheseanswers,Icreatedraised-linedrawingsIthenaskedeighteenblindvolunteerstofeelthewheelsassignoneofthefollowingmotionstoeachwheel:Allbutoneoftheblindsubjectsassigneddistinctivethewheelwasspinningsteadily;thewavyspokes,theysuggestedthatthewheelwaswobbling;andthebentspokeswasspinningInaddition,thefavoureddescriptionforthesightedwastheblind.BecausemotiondevicesareunfamiliartothethetaskIgavetheminvolvedsomeproblemsolving.however,theblindnotonlyfiguredoutmeaningsforeachofmotion,butasagrouptheygenerallycameupwiththemeaningatleastasfrequentlyasdidsightedPartWehavefoundthattheblindunderstandotherkindsofaheart-choosingthatsymbol,shesaid,toshowthatChina,IhavebegunexploringhowwellblindpeoplethesymbolismbehindshapessuchasheartsthatdonotrepresenttheirWegavealistoftwentypairsofwordstosightedsubjectsaskedthemtopickfromeachpairthetermthatbestrelatedweasked:Whatgoeswithsoft?Acircleorasquare?WhichgoeswithAlloursubjectsdeemedthecirclesoftandthesquarehard.Afullascribedhappytothecircle,insteadofsad.ButotherpairsAndonly51%linkeddeeptocircleandshallowtosquare.(SeeFig.Whenwetestedfourtotallyblindvolunteersusingthesamelist,weOneman,whohadbeenblindsincebirth,scoredextremelywell.Heonlyonematchdifferingfromtheconsensus,assigning‘far’toand‘near’tocircle.Infact,onlyasmallmajorityofsightedthattheblindinterpretabstractshapesassightedpeopleFig.2SubjectsFig.2Subjectswereaskedwhichwordineachpairfitsbestacircleandwhichwithasquare.ThesepercentagesshowtheofconsensusamongsightedLookatthefollowingdiagrams(Questions30-32),andtheoftypesofmovementMatcheachdiagramtothetypeofmovementA-EgenerallytoitMatcheachdiagramtothetypeofmovementA-EgenerallytoitintheA-填写答案：AsteadyspinningBjerkymovementCrapidspinningDwobblingEuseof正确答案：E,C,Questions33-3Symbolsand正确答案：E,C,Questions33-3SymbolsandthePartFromnumberstudies,ithasbecomeclearthatpeoplecanappreciatetheuseofoutlinesandperspectivesdrawntomyattentiondramaticallywhenablindwomaninonemyinvestigationsdecidedonherowninitiativetodrawathecircle(Fig.1).lwastakenaback.Linesofmotion,thecircle(Fig.1).lwastakenaback.Linesofmotion,suchtheonesheused,areaveryrecentinventioninthehistoryBusch,atrend-settingnineteenth-centurycartoonist,wheel,oneparticularlycleverrenditionappearedwaysofsuggestingmotion.Majorityrulewouldarguethatdevicesomehowindicatedmotionverywell.Butwasitaline,forthatmatter?Theanswerwasnotclear.SoIdecidedtestwhethervariouslinesofmotionwereaptwaysofmovementoriftheyweremerelyidiosyncraticmarks.IwantedtodiscoverwhetherthereweredifferencesinhowblindandthesightedinterpretedlinesofTosearchouttheseanswers,Icreatedraised-linedrawingsIthenaskedeighteenblindvolunteerstofeelthewheelsassignoneofthefollowingmotionstoeachwheel:assignoneofthefollowingmotionstoeachwheel:Allbutoneoftheblindsubjectsassigneddistinctivethewheelwasspinningsteadily;thewavyspokes,theysuggestedthatthewheelwaswobbling;andthebentspokeswasspinningInaddition,thefavoureddescriptionforthesightedwastheblind.BecausemotiondevicesareunfamiliartothethetaskIgavetheminvolvedsomeproblemsolving.however,theblindnotonlyfiguredoutmeaningsforeachofmotion,butasagrouptheygenerallycameupwiththemeaningatleastasfrequentlyasdidsightedPartWehavefoundthattheblindunderstandotherkindsofWehavefoundthattheblindunderstandotherkindsofaheart-choosingthatsymbol,shesaid,toshowthatChina,IhavebegunexploringhowwellblindpeoplethesymbolismbehindshapessuchasheartsthatdonotrepresenttheirWegavealistoftwentypairsofwordstosightedsubjectsaskedthemtopickfromeachpairthetermthatbestrelatedweasked:Whatgoeswithsoft?Acircleorasquare?WhichgoeswithAlloursubjectsdeemedthecirclesoftandthesquarehard.Afullascribedhappytothecircle,insteadofsad.ButotherpairsAndonly51%linkeddeeptocircleandshallowtosquare.(SeeFig.Whenwetestedfourtotallyblindvolunteersusingthesamelist,weOneman,whohadbeenblindsincebirth,scoredextremelywell.Heonlyonematchdifferingfromtheconsensus,assigning‘far’toand‘near’tocircle.Infact,onlyasmallmajorityofsightedthatFig.2Subjectswereaskedwhichwordineachpairfitsacircleandwhichwithasquare.ThesepercentagesshowtheofconsensusamongsightedCompletethesummarybelowusingwordsfromtheWriteyouranswersinboxes33-onyouranswerNBYoumayuseCompletethesummarybelowusingwordsfromtheWriteyouranswersinboxes33-onyouranswerNBYoumayuseanywordmoreIntheexperimentdescribedPart2,asetofwordthesymbolisminabstract(2)inthesameway.SubjectsFromthe(3)volunteers,everyonethoughtacirclevolunteersassignedacircletoWhenthetest填写答案：associationsblinddeephundredidenticalpairsshapessightedsimila