考研《英语一》2023年河北省邯郸市广平县点睛提分卷含解析

考研《英语一》2023年河北省邯郸市广平县点睛提分卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Iwon’tforgetmyvoluntaryexperienceawhileback.Italwaysremindsmewhatpeopletrulyneedisnotalwaysso1.Thisstoryisalessonwhichhasstayedwithmeandhelpedmeeversince.ItwasThanksgivingandIwasvolunteeringwithmymotherata2fortheneedy.Westoodbehindthecounter3foodtowhoevercamein.Itseemedthatmostofourdinershadbeenhaving4times.Theirclotheswereragged,wornanddry;theywerehungryandtired.5,theylookedneedy!Whenwewerebusywiththeunluckyfellows,awell-dressedmancameinwholooked6butpoor.Iwonderedwhathewasdoingthereandmyjawdroppedin7whenhejoinedthelineforfood.Thecloserhecametomyservicestation,themoreImuttered.Whatwasthismandoing?Iwantedtoknow.Surelyhewasn’tgoingtotakethefood8forthosereallyinneed!Hehadsmalltalkswith9andthelookonhisfacesuggestedthathejustwishedto10beingalone.Thenmymother11tookmetooneside,saying,“Youhave12thattheneedsofthepeoplewhocomeheremustbepurely13:hunger,inadequateshelter,clothing,etc.Butthisgentlemanseemstohavenoneofthoseproblems.Whatifhisneedsareemotional?Whatifheneeds14,friends,orjusttobeamongotherhumanbeings?”Herwords15melikeatonofbricks!IfeltlikeIshouldapologizetotheman,butIdidn’t.Aboutaweeklater,froman16source,theshelterreceivedalargedonation.Ican’thelpbut17ifitcamefromthatman.Now,wheneverImeetothers,Iremembermymother’swordsandtrytosendkindnessandblessingstothem,18howtheylook.Needsaren’talwaysvisible.Maybeemotional19isnotonlytheloneliestfeeling,butthemostdifficultneedtoget20.Butkindnessalwaysmakesadifference.1、A．immediate B．universal C．obvious D．similar2、A．station B．hospital C．canteen D．shelter3、A．distributing B．processing C．appointing D．reserving4、A．enjoyable B．smooth C．rough D．permanent5、A．Invain B．InBrief C．Inparticular D．Incontrast6、A．anything B．nothing C．everything D．something7、A．sorrow B．amazement C．delight D．relief8、A．lent B．paid C．meant D．rewarded9、A．theorganizer B．thevolunteer C．thedonor D．thepoor10、A．escape B．appreciate C．compromise D．represent11、A．violently B．quietly C．angrily D．curiously12、A．grasped B．supposed C．doubted D．confirmed13、A．practical B．mental C．personal D．physical14、A．food B．income C．comfort D．clothes15、A．hit B．persuaded C．attracted D．injured16、A．unbelievable B．unique C．unwilling D．unknown17、A．forecast B．wonder C．imagine D．reflect18、A．regardlessof B．butfor C．apartfrom D．dueto19、A．support B．character C．behavior D．hunger20、A．advocated B．solved C．met D．providedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Playingamusicalinstrumentthroughout:yourlifeprotectsyourhearinginoldage,aCanadianstudysuggests.Thestudy,publishedinPsychologyandAging,carriedouthearingtestson74adultmusiciansand89non-musicians.Itfounda70-year-oldmusician’shearingwasasgoodasthatofa50-year-oldwhodidnotplay.Hearingnormallydeclinesaspeopleage.By60,10-30%ofpeoplehavemoderatehearingloss.By80,thatgoesuptoasmanyas60%.Problemsareparticularlyseeninthecentralauditory(听觉的)processingsystem,whichisassociatedwithunderstandingspeech,especiallywhenthereisbackgroundnoise.Previousstudieshaveshownmusicianshavebetterhearingthannon-players.Butthisresearch,byateamattheRotmanResearchInstituteinToronto,lookedatadultsofallages-from18to91-toseehowpeoplewereaffectedastheyaged.Theycarriedouthearingtestson74amateurandprofessionalmusicians(whohadplayedsincetheageof16,werestillpractisingandhadbeengivenformalmusiclessons)and89non-musicians(whohadneverplayedaninstrument).Musiciansweresignificantlybetteratpickingoutspeechagainstnoise.Theresearcherssuggestthatlifelongmusicianshipreducesage-relatedchangesinthebrain,probablyduetomusiciansusingtheirauditorysystemsatahighlevelonaregularbasis.TheheadofbiomedicalresearchatActiononHearingLoss,DrRalphHolme,said:“Whilethisstudysuggeststhatmusiciansmightbemoreabletocopewiththeconsequencesofhearingloss,itisfarbettertoreducedamageinthefirstplacebyusingappropriateearprotection.Wehavealwayscampaingnedforeveryonewhoplaysamusicalinstrumentorlistenstoloudmusictowearhearingprotection,likeearplugs,whichreducetheriskofdamagingyourhearingpermanently.”1、WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Apersonaged80willlose30%hearing.B．Apersonagedabove60musthavebadhearing.C．Peoplehavefewerproblemswithbackgroundnoise.D．People’shearingusuallybecomesworsewhentheygetolder.2、WhatcanwegetfromtheCanadianstudy?A．Ittestedthehearingof162people.B．Thefindingofthestudywasn’tpublishedpublicly.C．Playingamusicalinstrumentmaydogoodtohearing.D．Musicianswereasgoodatpickingoutspeechagainstnoiseasnon-musicians.3、Whydon’tmusicianschangemuchintheirbrainastheyage?A．Theyliketotakemoreexercise.B．Theyusetheirhearingmoreandregularly.C．Theydon’texposethemselvestobackgroundnoise.D．Theypaymoreattentiontoprotectingtheirhearing.4、HowcanwedealwithhearinglossaccordingtoDrRalphHolme?A．Gethelpfrommusicians.B．Listentoloudmusicless.C．Protecthearingproperly.D．Playamusicalinstrumentmore.5、Theauthorwrotethepassageto________.A．entertainthereadersB．advertiseamusicalinstrumentC．complainaboutpeople’shearinglossD．informreadersofaresearchonhearingText2Wanted,SomeoneforaKissWe’relookingforproducerstojoinusinthesecondofLondon100FM.You’llworkonthestation’smusicprogrammes.Musicproductionexperienceinradioisnecessary,alongwithrichknowledgeofmoderndancemusic.Pleaseapply(申请)inwritingtoProducerVacancies,Kiss100.FatherChristmasWe’relookingforaveryspecialpersonpreferablyover40,tofillourFatherChristmassuit.Workingdays:EverySaturdayfromNovember24toDecember15andeverydayfromDecember17toDecember24exceptSunday,10:30—16:00.Excellentpay.Pleasecontact(联系)theEnterpriseShoppingCenter,StationParade,Eastbourne.AccountantsAssistantWhenyoujoininourRevenueAdministrationUnit,youwillbeprovidingassistancewithinallpartsoftheRevenueDivision,dealingwithpostandothergeneralduties.IfyouareeducatedtoGCSEgradeClevelwewouldliketotalktoyou.Thispositionisequallysuitableforaschoolleaverorforsomebodywhohasofficeexperience.WealdenDistrictCouncilSoftwareTrainerIfyouareaged24-45andhaveexperienceinteachingandtraining,youcouldbethepersonwearelookingfor.Youshouldbegoodatthecomputerandhavesomeexperienceinprogrammewriting.Youwillbeallowedtomakeourdecision,andtodesigncoursesaswellaspresentthem.Payupwardsof￡15,000fortherightperson.PleaseapplybysendingyourCV(简历)toMrsR.Oglivie,PalmlaceLimited.1、Whoshouldyougetintouchwithifyouhopetoworkinaradiostation?A．ProducerVacancies,Kiss100. B．MrsR.Oglivie,PalmlaceLimited.C．TheEnterpriseShoppingCentre. D．WealdenDistrictCouncil2、WelearnfromtheadsthattheEnterpriseShoppingCentreneedsapersonwho__________________.A．isagedbetween24and40 B．maydosometrainingworkC．shoulddealwithgeneralduties D．canworkforaboutamonth3、Whichpositionisopentorecentschoolgraduates?A．Producer,LondonKiss. B．FatherChristmas.C．AccountantsAssistant D．SoftwareTrainer4、WhatkindofpersonwouldprobablyapplytoPalmaceLimited?A．OnewithGCSEgradeClevel. B．Onewithsomeofficeexperience.C．Onehavinggoodcomputerknowledge. D．Onetrainedinproducingmusicprogrammes.Text3Toerrishuman.Societyissufferingfromaninabilitytoacknowledgeasmuch.Forindividuals,errorsarepainful.Thetrick,then,istoerrwell:torecognizemistakesandlearnfromthem.Worryingly,humanitymaybegettingworseatadmittingitsmistakes.Fewenjoythefeelingofbeingcaughtoutinanerror.Butrealtroublestartswhenthedesiretoavoidapunishmentleadstoarefusaltodealwithcontraryevidence.Economistsoftenassumethatpeoplearesensible.Whenfacedwithanewfact,thesepeopleshouldupdatetheirviewoftheworldtotakebetterdecisionsinfuture.Yetyearsofeconomicresearchconfirmsthatpeoplefrequentlydisregardinformationthatconflictswiththeirviewoftheworld.Whyshouldthatbe?LastyearRolandBenabou,ofPrinceton,presentedaframeworkforthinkingabouttheproblem.Inmanyways,beliefsarelikeothereconomicgoods.Peoplespendtimeandresourcesbuildingthem,andgetvaluefromthem:somebeliefsmakeownersfeelgoodandshowtheirpublicidentity;otherbeliefsprovidevaluebyshapingbehavior—forexample,religiousasceticism(禁欲主义)canhelponeavoidunhealthyhabits.Becausebeliefs,however,arenotsimplytoolsformakinggooddecisions,butaretreasuredintheirownright,newinformationthatchallengesthemisunwelcome.Peopleoftenengagein“motivatedreasoning”tomanagesuchchallenges.MrBenabouclassifiesthisintothreecategories.“Strategicignorance”iswhenabelieveravoidsinformationofferingconflictingevidence.In“realitydenial”，troublingevidenceisrationalized(合理化)：realestateinvestorsmightmakeupfancifultheoriesforwhypricesshouldbehaveunusually,andsupportersofadisgracedpoliticianmightclaimthenegativenewstobefake.Andlastly,in“self­signalling”，thebelievercreateshisowntoolstointerpretthefactsinthewayhewants:anunhealthyperson,forexample,mightdecidethatgoingforadailyrunprovesheiswell.“Motivatedreasoning”isacognitivebias(偏见).Notalltheerrorsitleadstoarecostly:praisingtheperformanceofone'ssupportedfootballteamdespitecontradictoryevidencedoeslittleharm.Butwhenbiasesarebroadlyshared—withinfinancialworldorpoliticalparties—dangerarises.Motivatedreasoninghelpsexplainwhyviewpointspolarize(两极分化)evenasinformationismoreeasilyavailablethaneverbefore.WorkbyMrBenabousuggeststhatgroupthinkishighestwhenpeoplewithingroupsfaceasharedfate:whenchoosingtobreakfromagroupisunlikelytospareanindividualthecostsofthegroup'serrorsorbringmuchindividualbenefit.Theincentive(动力)toengageinmotivatedreasoningishighasaresult.Evenasthefactonaparticularissueisobvious,partiescanstillbecomeincreasinglypolarized.That,inturn,canmakeitharderstillforamemberofonepartytogetanybenefitfrombreakingfromagroup.Indeed,thegrouphasanincentivetosilenceindependentvoices.Publicstatementsofregretareriskyinarigidlypolarizedworld.Admissionsoferrorcannotonlyannoypartnersbutalsoprovideopportunitiesforopponents.Butitisrarelyintheinterestofthoseintherighttopretendthattheyareneverwrong.1、Accordingtothepassage,beliefsaresimilartoeconomicgoodsinthat________．A．bothareentertainingandvaluableB．bothcanbeshapedbyreligiousfaithC．bothcanreflectwhotheownersareD．bothpromotereligiousdevelopment2、Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof“self­signalling”？A．Afanspeakshighlyofhisteamalthoughithasjustlostthegame.B．Amancovershisearswhenstealingabell,believingthebellwon'tring.C．SupportersofTrumpbelievethenewsabouthisaffairswithaladyisfake.D．SuspectedAIDScarriersrefusetobetestedthoughitcanbedoneforfree.3、WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs6and7?A．Polarizationcausesindividualstobreakfromthegroup.B．Richersourcesofinformationdecreasemotivatedreasoning.C．Individualswithindependentvoicesaredismissedfromthegroup.D．Individualsinagroupengageinmotivatedreasoningfortheirowninterests.4、Whichofthefollowingopinionsmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Denyingerrorsisunavoidable.B．Failuretoadmiterrorsisharmful.C．Humansaregettingbetteraterringwell.D．Wisepeopleignorecontraryworldviews.Text4ThereisanoldChineseproverbthatstates“Onegenerationplantsthetrees;anothergetstheshade,”andthisishowitshouldbewithmothersanddaughters.Therelationshipbetweenamotherandadaughterissometimesconfusing.Therelationshipcanbesimilartofriendship.However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.Thesecharacteristicsincludeahierarchy(等级)ofresponsibilitiesandunconditionallove,whichprecludemothersanddaughtersfrombeingbestfriends.Marina,27yearsold,said,“Ilovespendingtimewithmymom,butIwouldn’tconsiderhermybestfriend.Bestfriendsdon’tpayforyourwedding.Bestfriendsdon’tremindyouhowtheycarriedyouintheirbodyandgaveyoulife!Bestfriend:don’ttellyouhowwisetheyarebecausetheyhavebeenaliveatleast20yearslongerthanyou.”Thisdoesn’tmeanthatthemotheranddaughterrelationshipcan’tbeverycloseandsatisfying.Whilesomeadultrelationshipsarestilltroubled,manyfindthemtobeextremelyrewarding.Thisgenerationofmothersandadultdaughtershasalotincommon,whichincreasesthelikelihoodofsharedcompanionship.Mothersanddaughtershavealwayssharedthecommonexperienceofbeinghomemakers,responsibleformaintainingandpassingonfamilyvaluesandtraditions.Todaycontemporarymothersanddaughtersalsosharetheexperienceoftheworkforceandtechnology,whichmaybringthemevenclosertogether.Bestfriendsmayormaynotcontinuetobebestfriends,butforbetterorworse,themotheranddaughterrelationshipispermanent,evenifforsomeunfortunatereasontheyaren’tspeaking.Themotherandchildrelationshipiscloserthananyother.Thereisnotanequalrelationship.Daughtersshouldnotfeelresponsiblefortheirmother’semotionalwell-being.Itisn’tthattheydon’tcaredeeplyabouttheirmothers.It’sjustthattheyshouldn’tbeburdenedwiththeirmother’swell-being.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipisarelationshipthatisnotreplaceablebyanyother.Mothersneverstopbeingmothers,whichincludesfrequentlywantingtoprotecttheirdaughtersandoftenfeelingresponsiblefortheirhappiness.Mothersalways“trump(胜过)”friends.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preclude”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Differ. B．Prevent.C．Benefit. D．Change.2、Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A．Themotheranddaughterrelationshipcanbereplacedbyabestfriend.B．Amother’slovebringsherandherdaughteraclosefriendship.C．Themotheranddaughterrelationshipgoesbeyondbestfriends’friendship.D．Marinahasatroubledrelationshipwithhermother.3、Howdoestheauthormainlyprovehisstatements?A．Bylistingdata. B．Bygivingexplanations.C．Byquotingsayings. D．Bymakingcomparisons.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoBeaGoodMotherandDaughter?B．WhoIsaMother’sBestFriend?C．MothersorFriends?D．CanaMotherBeaDaughter’sBestFriend?PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankMakosharksgetnewprotectionsAttheglobalwildlifetrademeetinginGeneva,countrieshavedecidedtoprotecttheendangeredmakosharkfromtradeGENEVAmadetheproposal1．moreprotectionsshouldbetakenforbothshortfinandlongfinmakosharksandwasadoptedtodayaftera102-40voteattheglobalwildlifetradesummitThevotestillneedstobefinalizedatthefullmeetingattheend,whenallappendix(附录)changeproposalspassedincommitteeareofficiallyadoptedTheproposal,debatedatthisyear’sCITESConference,listsmakosharksunderAppendixII,meaningthattheycan’tbetraded2．itcanbeshownthatfishingwouldn’tthreatentheirchancesforsurvivalConservationistssaythiswastheworld’slastchancetopreventmakosharkpopulationsfromcollapsing3．(list)makosharksonCITESAppendixIIisgreatnewsforsharkconservationMorethan50ofthe183CITESmemberssignedonassupportersoftheproposalbroughtforthbyMexicoNonetheless,conservationistsfearedthatoppositionfromafewcountrieswithfairlylargemakofishingindustries—primarilytheUnitedStates,Canada,andJapan—4．tipthescaleJapanopposedthemeasureduringthedebates,andtheUnitedStatesannouncedafterwardit5．(vote)noInthepast,theUSandothershavesupportedlistingothersharkspeciesunderCITES,butnotsointhiscase,6．commercialinterestsForalotofthesecountries,theywerehappytolistsharkspecieswhenitwasonestheyweren’tsoheavilyinvolvedinfishingSuddenly,whenthey’rebeingaskedtoberesponsible,ratherthanaskingotherpeopletoberesponsible,they’re7．(little)keentotakeitonboardTheInternationalUnionfortheConservationofNature,whichdeterminestheconservationstatusofspeciesclaimsthatbothspeciesofmakosharkstobe

endangered,sayingan8．(estimate)50to79percentpopulationdeclineoverthreegenerations,orabout75yearsThey9．(target)fortheirfins(鳍),usedinsharkfinsoup—adishinAsiancountries,that’softenservedatweddingsasasignofrespectforguestsTheirmeatismoreediblecomparedto10．ofothersharks,whichisoftenacidicandisusuallysoldasabyproductofthefintradefor“penniesonthedollar”Weuseflowersasmessengers,tosaysomethingwemighthavetroublesaying1．(direct)ourselvesOvertimeflowershavecometosymbolizethemostpowerfulhuman2．(experience):beauty,love,hope,andrebirthSweetflowersalonecansaywhatonefearsexpressingWe’velistedsomeofthemostfamousflowers3．haveaspecialsignificanceInMaoZedong’spoemOdetoPlumBlossom（《咏梅》）,theplumblossomwasused4．(praise)greatsoldierswhosacrificed5．(they)livesforabetterlifeforChinesepeople6．greatChinesepoetLiBaifromtheTangDynastyoncecomparedYangYuhuan’sbeautifulface7．bloomingpeonies（牡丹）FloweringinMay,peonie’slargepetalsandstrongcolorsarelinkedtoprosperityand8．(rich)intraditionalChinesecultureTheorchid（兰花）iswellknownforitsdelicatesmellBeautifularticlesandpoems9．(call)“lanzhang”byChinesepeopleinancienttimesRoses,ofcourse,havethemostcolorfulmeaningamongalltheflowersRedroses,tothisday,mean“Iloveyou”Aredrose,ratherthanyellowroses,actsasthetraditionalromanticgift10．(give)toyourloveonValentine’sDaySendingyellowrosescanberisky,astheyrepresenteitherfriendshiporenvySectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Asastudent,youwillhavetointerviewforyourfirstjob,internshiporplacementingraduateschool.Interviewscanbefrighteningbecausewhatyousayandhowyousayitdeterminewhetheryougettheplacementyoudesire.1、Whilestudentslackexperience,theycancompensatewiththeirenthusiasm,eagerness,freshideasandsoon.Knowyourownstrengthsandhowyoucanusethemtomeettheemployer’srequirements.2、Confirmthedate,timeandlocationofyourinterviewadayorsobeforehand.Askafriendtohelpyoupreparefortheinterviewbygoingovercommoninterviewquestionswithyouandevaluatingyourresponse.Somecommoninterviewquestionsare,“Tellmeaboutyourself,”“Tellmeaboutatimeyouhadaproblemandhowyousolvedit,”and“WhyshouldIhireyou?”3、4、Ifsheasksyoutotellheraboutyourself,donotgiveheryourlifestory.Instead,listyourachievementsandanypositiveactivitiesyouareinvolvedin.Mentionwhatmakesyouunique.Justrelaxandshakehandswithconfidence.5、Also,ifyou’reworriedabouthavingsweatypalms,youcankeepalightly-powderedtissueinyourpocketandsqueezeitrightbeforethehandshakesbegin.Whenaninterviewisover,besuretothanktheinterviewer.A．Arriveontime.B．Donotboretheinterviewer.C．Listencarefullytowhatyou’rebeingasked.D．However,donotallowinterviewstoscareyou.E.Showenthusiasmduringtheinterviewforthejob.F.Youranswerstothesequestionsshouldbespecificandhonest.G.Forinstance,don’ttrytosqueezehardtoprovehowstrongyouare.DoActionsSpeakLouderthanWords?Oursocietyisfastpaced.Weareallrushingfromoneplacetothenext,blowingourhorn（喇叭）atslowdriverswhomaybesingingsongsinthecarwiththeirchildrenorpointingoutsomeinterestingsights.Wedon'thavetimeforthatsillinesstoday.Butwetrytosaytoourselvesthatwewillmaketimeforfuntomorrow.Itistimetota