Unit4定语从句课件高中英语人教版

定语从句定语用来用来限定、修饰、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。划分定语Thereissomeexcitingnewsintoday’snewspaper.ItthereanydifferencebetweenspokenEnglishandwrittenEnglish.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.在复合句中充当定语，修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的句子叫定语从句。通常位于先行词后，在汉语中一般理解为“……的”引导定语从句的词叫做关系词定语从句沉分类默1.限制性定语从句：是对先行词起修饰限制作用。译为“…的”2.非限制性定语从句：是对先行词起补充说明做作用的。往往用逗号与主句隔开。分类连接主句和从句指代先行词在从句中充当句子成分ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyLuxun.关系词的作用关系词：关系代词&关系副词关系代词：who,whom,

which,that,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why如何选择关系词1.判断先行词是人还是物2.看先行词在从句中做什么成分How?

不是任何两个句子都可以合并为定语从句的。只有两句中含有相同或相关的词时，才可有可能合并为定语从句。步骤：1.找出两句中的相同或相关词。2.确定主从句的关系。3.主句中的相同或相关词为先行词，把从句中的相同或相关词替换为关系词，放于先行词后。

TheboyisJohn.Theboyissmiling.

Theboywhoissmiling

isJohn.(主语)

TheboyisJohn.Theboyhasabookinhishand.Theboywhohasabookinhishand

isJohn.先行词关系代词引导的定语从句Activity2Lucyismyfriendwho/thathasahearingproblem.SoIlearntanewlanguagewhich/thatallowsmeto“speak”withmyhands.3Lucyisasmartgirlwhoseideasare alwaysinspiring.4Isometimeshaveproblems(that/ which)Ican’tsolve.5Lucyisagoodlistener(whom/ who/that)Ienjoysharingmoments ofmylifewith.关系代词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语1)Theboy______________visitedourschoolyesterdayisJack.2)Theboy__________________wesawyesterdayisJack.3)Heisthe

boy____________wenttoschoolwithme.4)Theperson_________________Italkedwithisourteacher.who/that(who/whom/that)who/that(who/whom/that)

who/that指人,

在从句中作主语

who/whom/that指人,在从句中作宾语(可省略)1)Lookatthetrees__________wereplanted

lastyear.2)Themachine______________heisoperatingismadeinAmerica.which/that(which/that)

which/that指物，在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)1)Harryisthe

boy

motherisourMathsteacher.2)Lookatthetree

leavesareblack.3)Hehelpedtheman_______carhadbroken.4)Helivesinahouse________windowsopensouth.whosewhosewhosewhose

whose:指人或物，在从句中作定语,表示所属关系，译为“…的”Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.1)Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.whose=thehouse’swindow2)Thehousethewindowofwhichisbrokenismine3)Thehouseofwhichthewindowisbrokenismine关系代词常用that不用which的情况

1.先行词为everything,anything,nothing,little,much,all,few,none等不定代词或者被其修饰。All(that)youhavedoneishelpfultous.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时

Thatisthefirstfilmthatwasdirectedbyhim.3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。

HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.who,which引导的句子中避免混淆时

Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?不用that，用which的情况

引导词前有介词时。介词后b.引导非限制性定语从句时。逗号后Iwillneverforgetthedayon_____Istayedwiththefarmers.Shanghai,_____isdevelopingveryfast,isfamousintheworld..

whichwhichsummary关系代词指代成分that人/物主语/宾语which物主语/宾语who人主语/宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语注意事项一.关系代词作宾语通常省去。Theday(that)wewerelookingforwardtocamefinally.Thehouse(that)hehadhadhadbeentakenawayfromhimbythetimeheretunedtohiscountry.Hedideverything(that)hecould(do)tohelptheorphan.注意下列两种情况不可省去。

1.非限制性定语从句中试比较Thisisthecity(which/that)IvisitedfiveyearsagoThisisthecity,whichIvisitedfiveyearsago.

2.介词前置时试比较:Thisisabook(that/which)wecanlearnalotfrom.Thisisabookfromwhichwecanlearnalot.prep+whom/which若引导词作介词的宾语，介词可以提前构成介词+引导词的形式介词的选择主要取决于（1）先行词的需要（2）从句谓语的需要Isthisthelibrary_____youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibrary__________youborrowbooks?Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.Theman________InoddedisMr.Li.whichfromwhichtowhom介词+关系代词用介词+which1.

Doyoulikethebook

shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook

shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook

shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook

sheoftentalks?onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhich5.Thereisatalltreeoutside,___________standsourteacher.6.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.

7.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling8.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.underwhichofwhichtowhomofwhichTherearetwoboysinPeters，bothof____arewhite．

TherearetwoboysinPeter’s,andbothof______arewhite．

TherearetwoboysinPeter’s;bothof______arewhite．易混淆句型whomthemthem关系副词-从句中做状语关系副词的用法关系副词指代在从句中的作用when

wherewhy

时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语关系副词when,where,why和介词+which之间的关系关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。when=in/on/at/during…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=forwhich

Iwillneverforgettheday.Wewenttothefactoryonthatday.Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhich

wewenttothefactory.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen

wewenttothefactory.Doyouknowthefactory?Myfriendworkedinthefactoryfiveyearsago.Doyouknowthefactoryinwhich

myfriendworkedfiveyearsago?Doyouknowthefactorywhere

myfriendworkedfiveyearsago?Thisisthereason.Helefthomeforit.Thisisthereasonforwhich

helefthome.Thisisthereasonwhy

helefthome.Idon’tlikehisway.Heusuallytreatothersintheway.Idon’tlikehiswayinwhichheusuallytreatothers.Idon’tlikehiswaythat

heusuallytreatothers.Idon’tlikehisway*heusuallytreatothers.当介词+which引导定语从句时，有时可以用关系副词when/where/why1.Thisistheroom____________Ivisitedyesterday.Thisistheroom_________________Ileftthebookyesterday.2.Iwillrememberthedays___________wespenttogether.Iwillrememberthedays______________westayedtogether.3.Thisisthereason____________Igavetotheteacher.Thisisthereason_______________Iwaslateyesterday.4.Ihaveagoodway_____________hetoldme.Ihaveagoodway______________wecansolvetheproblemquickly.

(which/that)where/inwhich(which/that)when/in

which(which/that)why/forwhich(which/that)inwhich/that/*我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。

先行词是抽象的地点，用关系副词where引导。如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,

condition,case,position等表示“情况，状况，形势”等抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。代替一个句子(正如，正像…那样）从句位置可置于主句之前或之后，有时也可作为插入语置于句中，一般用逗号和主句隔开。aswecansee,asismentionedabove,asisknowntoall,asweallknow等。Asiswellknown，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.Greatchanges,asiswellknown,havetakenplaceinChina.

Hefailedintheexamagain,

aswasexpected(as在定语从句中作主语）

As下列固定结构，如：1ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述2asoftenhappens正像经常发生的那样3asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知4aswehaveexpected正如我们预料的那样5ashasbeenmentionedabove正如上面提到的6aswecansee正如大家看到的那样引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面出现的句子。（语意上常表示这一点，这一方面或一定的因果关系）Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,which

wehadn’texpected.

Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.

which和as(代替句子)的用法区别：（1）语意上的区别Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,_____

wehadn'texpected.

Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,___wehadexpected.whichas(2)形式上的区别：as的句子可以在不同的地方使用，而which的句子只能放在后面。Asiswellknown，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.Greatchanges,asiswellknown,havetakenplaceinChina.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asiswellknown.Theelephantislikeaspear,asanybodycansee.GreatprogresshavebeenmadeinChina,whichmakesusproud.as引导定语从句1.as作关系代词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。(1）当such或thesame修饰先行词时，as不能省略

Suchbooksasyougavemeareinteresting.Heworethesameuniform___hisclassmateshave.Heworethesameuniform_____hisfriendlenthim.

(as表示同一类,that表示同一个)

asthat当先行词与so连用时,关系代词用as.注意so/such…as与so/such…that的区别Itissobigastone/suchabigstone_____Ican’tmove.Itissobigastone/suchabigstone____Ican’tmoveit.Thisissuchadifficultproblem______Ican’tlift.Thisissuchadifficultproblem

______Ican’tliftit.asthatasthat

Heisoneofthestudentswho_______praised.Heistheoneofthestudentswho______praised.Heisoneoftheteacherswho_______playingbaseball.(like)Heistheonlyoneoftheteacherswho_______playingbaseball.(like)Johnisoneofthestudentswho_______