译林版高中英语扩展创新学程一Unit1学案-雅礼版

拓展创新学程一Unit1OurlivingplanetInallthingsofnaturethereissomethingofthemarvellous. ——Aristotle在自然界的所有事物中，总有奇妙之处。 ——亚里士多德Part1:课文精练课文语法填空改编Reading:TheOceanDeep.Welookupwardsandwonder1.______________liesbeyondourplanet.Wesendprobesintothe2.________________(vast)ofspace3._________________(explore)theunknown.Webuildspacestationstoadvanceourunderstandingoftheuniverse.Our4.__________________(curious)aboutouterspacehasremained5.____________________(shake).Meanwhile,it6.______________________(estimate)thatmorethaneightypercentoftheworld’soceansareunexplored.So,ifwewanttofindexcitingnewlifeformsaswellasundiscoveredandunusualgeologicalformations,theoceanis7.________________weshouldalsobelooking.Thenwhydon’twedivetothebottomofareallydeepoceanandtakealong,closelookbeneaththewaves?Thefirst200metresofourdive8._________________(take)usthrough9.________________canbecalledtheopenocean,10.__________________mostvisiblelightexists.Here11._______________(live)muchofthemarinelifeweknowabout,suchasdolphins,coralsandseaweeds.12._________________(sink)below200metres,weenterthetwilightzone,wherethereislittlesunlightand13.________________almostnoplantlife.Mostofthefishlivingherearesmallfilterfeederswhichswimupatnighttofeedinthenutrient-richwatersabove.Alsolivinginthetwilightzone14._____________(be)hunterswithtelescopic,upward-pointingeyesthatcaneasilyspotamealinthewatersabove.Consequently,thefishmostlikely15._______________________(eat)haveevolvedtohavethinbodiessothattheyarelesseasilyseenfrombelow.However,oncetheyarecaptured,thehunters’backward-curvingteethpreventthemfromgettingaway.16.____________________(evolve),itseemshelpsboththehunterandthehunted17._____________equalmeasure.Oncepast1000metres,wehavereachedthedeepocean,wherethereisnolightandtemperaturesdropjustabovefreezing.Thepressuresarehugeandcanbemore18.________________100timesthepressureoftheEarth’satmosphere.19.______________isthensurprisingthatmanycreaturescanliveinthisextremeenvironment.Theycannotrelysolely20.______________theireyesighttosurviveandhaveevolved21.____________________(fascinate)survivalcharacteristics.Indeed,manyorganismsinthedeepoceanareblind.Inordertoobtainfoodandavoid22.______________________(catch),theyhavetodependonothersensessuchassmellandtheirability23.____________________(detect)slightchangesinwaterpressure.Also,somefishhavebothmaleandfemaleorganstoincreasethechancesof24._____________________(reproduce),asfishare25._______________scarceatthese26.______________(deep)thatitcanbedifficultforthemtofindamate.Thefishinthedeepoceanareamong27.________________________(strange)creaturesontheEarth,manyof28.________________haveyettobeproperlystudied.Onreachingtheoceanfloor,wemayseeshrimpsandotherorganismsaroundhydrothermalvents.Theseventsformin29.______________________(volcanic)activeareas,pouringmineral-richfluidsintothesea.Beforethediscoveryofthesecreatures,itwasthought30._____________alllifeontheEarthobtaineditsenergyfromthesun.31._____________________,thisdiscoveryhasrevealedthatlifeformscanobtainnutrientsandenergyfromthermalsources.Knowingthatlifecanexistintheseextremeconditionshaschangedscientificopinionaboutthechancesofthere32.______________(be)lifeelsewhereintheuniverse.Inaddition33.__________theventsandremarkableorganisms,wecannotmisstheMarianaTrench,34._________________(locate)inthenorth-westernpartofthePacificOcean.Itsdeepestpoint,knownastheChallengerDeep,isnearly11,000metresbelowsealevel.YoucouldplaceMountQomolangmaintheChallengerDeep,anditstopwouldstillbemorethan2000metresbelowthesurface!Whilethereislittlelife35.____________suchgreatdepths,itisfar36._________boring.Ofthemanystrangegeologicalformationstobefoundarerockbridges37.________________crosstheTrench,some38.__________________(reach)aheightof2500metresabovetheChallengerDeep.Asyoucansee,theworldbeneaththesurfaceoftheoceanisindeed39.____________amazingplace.Onourjourneydown,wehavebeenfascinatedbyincrediblegeologicalformationsaswellas40.__________________(expect)lifeformsthathavebecomestrangelyadapted41.___________theirextremeenvironment.42.___________________somuchoftheoceanslefttoexplore,whoknowswhatwondersstill43._______________(wait)usinthefuture?长难句分析或仿写ThefishinthedeepoceanareamongthestrangestcreaturesontheEarth,manyofwhichhaveyettobeproperlystudied.(P3,Lines28-29)分析：该句第二部分中manyofwhich为实用句型介词+关系代词。类似的用法还有some/most/therest/...ofwhich/whom/whose+名词...。翻译：_________________________________________________________________________抄/仿写：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________OfthemanystrangegeologicalformationstobefoundherearerockbridgeswhichcrosstheTrench,somereachingaheightof2500metresabovetheChallengerDeep.(P3,Lines41-43)分析：该句的前半部分为倒装句，后半部分用了独立主格结构。翻译：_________________________________________________________________________抄/仿写：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Withsomuchoftheoceanslefttoexplore,whoknowswhatwondersstillawaitusinthefuture?(P3,Lines47-48)分析：该句的前半部分用了with引导的伴随状语，后半部分中的动词await为及物动词。翻译：_________________________________________________________________________抄/仿写：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________课文语法填空改编ExtendedReading:InsidetheEarthHaveyoueverwondered1._______________liesbeneathyourfeet?Idon’tmeanthefloorofyourapartment,orthepavementyouwalkon,butratherwhattheEarthisactuallymadeof.2.__________________(fortune),wecannotcracktheEarthopenlikeanegg,somuchofwhatscientistsknowaboutthe3.______________(Earth)internalstructureisbasedonanalysingearthquakewaves.TofindoutmoreabouttheEarth’smake-up,scientistshavedrilledverydeepholesbut4.___________havereachedthemantleasyet.TheintensepressureandheatinsidetheEarthcancloseupadeephole5._____________breakadrill.Choosingtherightplacetodrillisalsonoteasy.However,withinafewyears,scientistsarehopingtodrillintothemantle,6.______________willhelpusbetterunderstandthegeologyoftheEarth.StudyingtheinsideoftheEarthhasother7.________________(benefit)too.Somescientistsarelookingatexcitingpossibilitiesforlifeaboveground.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatundercertainextremeconditionsofpressureandtemperature,waterformsice8._______________(cage)thattraphydrogeninside.Thismayhelpsolvethestorageproblemofhydrogenandpavetheway9.____________carstorunonhydrogenfuel.OtherscientistshopethatresearchintomicroorganismsdeepinsidetheEarthwouldcastlight10._____________theoriginoflife.Almosteverylivingthingonourplanetdependsonenergyfromthesun.However,themicroorganismsinagoldmineofSouthAfricasurvive11._______________thesunnevershines,12.______________(rely)onenergyfromcertainrocks.Therefore,iflifeontheEarthcansurvivedeepundergroundwithoutsunlight,couldlifealsobe13._________________(thrive)beneaththesurfaceofMars?Thenexttimeyoutakeawalk,14.________________(think)abouttheimportanceof15._____________liesbeneathyourfeet.Surely,astudyoftheinsideofourplanetwouldleadtoexcitingand16._____________________(enlighten)discoveries,andbenefitall17._______________walkuponit.Whatmightwefindifwecoulddigintothegroundandmakea18.____________________(fantasy)journeytothecentreoftheEarth?Man19._________________________(wonder)aboutit,writtenaboutitandmadefilmsaboutit.Whydon’twegodown,down,down...withBucketandSpade20._______________(find)out?长难句分析或仿写Unfortunately,wecannotcracktheEarthlikeanegg,somuchofwhatscientistsknowabouttheEarth’sinternalstructureisbasedonanalysingearthquakewaves.(P11,Line3)分析：该句中运用了明喻（likeanegg）的修辞手法。另外，of后由what引导一个宾语从句。翻译：_________________________________________________________________________抄/仿写：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________OtherscientistshopethatresearchintomicroorganismsdeepinsidetheEarthwouldcastlightontheoriginoflife.(P11,Lines14-15)分析：该句的hope后引导一宾语从句，在该从句中有一重要短语castlighton,意为“使（问题等）较容易理解”。翻译：_________________________________________________________________________抄/仿写：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part2:单元语法高考真题训练：倒装句倒装句考点精讲完全倒装：全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。1.在以here、there、now、then、up、down、in、out、off、away等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come,go,be,lie,run,rush等。（注意：当主语是人称代词时不倒装.）e.g.Herecomesthebus.Outrushedthechildren.Thereshecomes.2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。e.g.Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Infrontofourhousestandsatreewithahistoryof200years.3.某些表语位于句首1)表语为介词短语AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.2)表语为形容词PresentatthemeetingwereMrWhiteandmanyotherguests.3)表语为过去分词Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词Lyingonthefloorwasaboy.部分倒装：部分倒装是把be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面。only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,要进行部分倒装。e.g.OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.Onlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimprovethesituationthere.OnlyafterhecamebackwasIabletoseehim.2.否定副词及介词短语的否定词位于句首时。高考常考的这类词或词语有：never，not，seldom，hardly，little，nowhere，bynomeans，innoway，innocase，undernocircumstances，onnoaccount，innoway，onnocondition，atnotime等。e.g.NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulplace.3.notuntil引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装(注意：主倒从不倒)e.g.Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhefinishhishomework.as/though(虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句中，可将其转换为名词\形容词\副词\动词\分词+as\though+主语+其他这一部分倒装结构。（注意：从句的表语是单数可数名词时，其名词前不加任何冠词。）e.g.MuchasIlikeyou,Iwillnevermarryyou.Trythoughshemight,shecouldnotpasstheexam.Strangeasmightitsound,hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.Childasheis,heknowsalot.用于so/nor/neither开头的句子e.g.SocanI.NorhashebeentoAmerica.Neitherdidhefinishthehomework.在hardly/scarcely/…when；nosooner…than;notonly…butalso；so...that;such…that的倒装句中，倒前不倒后.e.g.Hardly/Scarcelyhadhefallenasleepwhenaloudknockatthedoorawokehim.NosoonerhadIreachedthestationthantrain.Notonlyisheinterestedinfootballbutalsoheplaysitwell.SoharddoesheworkthathehasmadegreatprogressinEnglish.If虚拟条件从句中.从句有(were/should/had)时，可省略if,并将were/should/had提前，构成部分倒装。e.g.IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.→WereIyou,Iwouldworkhard.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldputoffourmeeting.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldputoffourmeeting.Ifhehadfollowedmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.→Hadhefollowedmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.单元语法专训1．Sothattheboatalmost.A．toughtheseabecame…turneddown B．roughdidtheseabecome…turnedoverC．roughtheseabecame…turnedover D．toughdidtheseabecome…turneddown2．______________speakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”,thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.A．SoaccustomedarewetoB．AswearesoaccustomedtoC．AccustomedaswearetoD．Accustomedasareweto3．Notuntilthen________thatnobodywashappierthanIwas.A．Ihadrealized B．hadIrealized C．didIrealize D．Irealized4．Mumiscoming.Whatpresent________foryourbirthday?A．youexpectshehasgotB．youexpecthasshegotC．doyouexpectshehasgotD．doyouexpecthasshegot5．I’vetriedhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans________withmyprogress.A．theteacherisnotsatisfied B．istheteachernotsatisfiedC．theteacherissatisfied D．istheteachersatisfied6．We’llmakethefinaldecisiononourscheme.______youchangeyourmind,pleaseinformusassoonaspossible.A．Should B．Were C．Would D．Had7．_______bothsidesaccepttheagreement__________alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.A．Onlyif;will B．Ifonly;wouldC．Should;will D．Unless;would8．AstheFrenchwriterFrantzFanonputit,tospeakalanguageistotakeonaworld,aculture.Sincetheworldchangeseveryday,_____.A．andsodoesourlanguage B．sodoesourlanguageC．andsoourlanguagewill D．sowillourlanguage9．Sheisastrong-willedwomanandnotonce_______intoanydifficultyinherlife.A．shehasgiven B．didshegive C．shegave D．hasshegiven10．Manycoralreefsinwarmwaterareaswouldnotbedyingout______forthepollutionaccumulatedoverthepreviousyears.A．ifitisnot B．wereitnot C．haditnotbeen D．iftheywerenot11．______thelate18thcenturydidtheBritishexplorerJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticaCircle,______heneversawland.A．Until,while B．Since,and C．Notuntil,but D．Although,yet12．Neveragain______politicalofficeafterhis1928defeatforthepresidency.A．AlfredE.Smithseriouslysought B．didAlfredE.SmithseriouslysoughtC．whendidAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseek D．didAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseek13．There_____________.Andhere________________.A．goesthephone;shecomes. B．isthephonegoing;issheC．doesthephonego;doesshecome D．thephonegoes;comeshe14．_______tobuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindisChina,whichhasprovidedgeneroussupportandassistance.A．Dedicating B．Dedicated C．Beingdedicated D．Havingdedicated15．Outtothefinishingline…!Andhere!A．hedashes…comesourchampionandheroB．dasheshe…ourchampionandherocomeC．hedashes…comeourchampionandheroD．dasheshe…comesourchampionandhero16．_____onsmartphonesforcommunication,relaxationandinformationthatpeopleplayphoneswhilewalkingandeating.A．Suchisthedependence B．SuchdependencedoesC．Sotheyaredependent D．Sodidtheydepend17．______thenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.A．Notdoonly B．Donotonly C．Onlynotdo D．Notonlydo18．—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?—No,nosooner________thanithappened.A．hadshegone B．shehadgoneC．hasshegone D．shehasgone19．—Mr.Johnsonhasbeenpromotedinthepastfiveyears.—_________.And_________.A．Sohehas;soyouhave B．Sohehas;sohaveyouC．Sohashe;sohaveyou D．Sohehas;soyouhave20．Notonly______meimprovemySpanish,butCamperointroducedmetoherculture.A．shehelped B．didshehelp C．hadshehelped D．shehadhelped21．Hardly_________theknockwhenIopenedthedoor.A．haveIheard B．hadIheard C．didIhear D．doIhear22．Onlywhenyoubecomeaparent___________understandyourmother.A．youwill B．willyou C．youcan D．areyou23．Onlywhenhelefthishome_________toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.A．hebegan B．didhebegin C．hadhebegun D．hehadbegun24．Onlybyincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percentproperlyinthishospital.A．canbethepatientstreated B．canthepatientsbetreatedC．thepatientscanbetreated D．treatedcanbethepatients25．IfJohngoestotheconcert,so_____hiswife.A．does B．did C．would D．WillPart3:词汇英汉互译单词默写背诵版1.formationn.组成物；组成；编队→formv.形成2.evolvev.进化，（使逐渐形成）→evolutionn.进化；演变；发展3.capturev.俘获；夺取；赢得→capturen.（被）捕获/俘获4.solelyadv.仅，只，单独地→soleadj.唯一的；独占的5.reproductionn.生殖；复制；（声音的）录制→reproducev.复制；再生产；繁殖6.scarceadj.缺乏的，稀少的→scarcelyadv.勉强，几乎不7.maten.伴侣；朋友；v.交配8.shrimpn.虾→shrimps/shrimp(pl.)9.awaitvt.将发生在；等候10.leapn./v.跳跃；骤变→leapt→leapt→leapyear闰年11.spinn./v.高速旋转→spun→spun→spinning12.axisn.坐标轴；对称中心线→axes(pl.)13.tidaladj.潮汐的→tiden.潮汐，潮水，潮流14.rotationn.旋转；（旋转的）一周；轮换→rotatev.（使）旋转；轮换；轮值15.gravitationaladj.引力的，重力引起的→gravitationn.引力16.alterv.(使)改变；更改；修改（衣服使更合适）→Nothingcanalterthefactthat是无法改变的事实17.pavementn.人行道；路面→pavev.(用砖石)铺（地）18.crackv./n.裂开；猛击；（使）发出爆裂声；裂缝；爆裂声19.geologyn.地质；地质学→geological/geologicadj.地质的20.minen.矿井，矿→amineofinformation信息源泉；知识宝库→minev.开矿21.thrivev.茁壮成长→thrivingadj.兴盛的22.enlighteningadj.让人受启发的→enlightenv.启发；阐明→enlightenmentn.启迪；开导23.innermostadj.最靠近中心的；内心深处的24.miragen.海市蜃楼25.opticaladj.光学的；视觉的；有助于视力的→opticiann.眼镜商；验光师；眼镜店单词默写版____________n.组成物；组成；编队→____________v.形成____________v.进化，（使逐渐形成）→____________n.进化；演变；发展3.____________v.俘获；夺取；赢得→____________n.（被）捕获/俘获4.____________adv.仅，只，单独地→____________adj.唯一的；独占的5.____________n.生殖；复制；（声音的）录制→____________v.复制；再生产；繁殖6.____________adj.缺乏的，稀少的→____________adv.勉强，几乎不7.____________n.伴侣；朋友；v.交配8.____________n.虾→____________/____________(pl.)9.____________vt.将发生在；等候10.____________n./v.跳跃；骤变→____________→____________→____________闰年11.____________n./v.高速旋转→____________→____________→____________12