教程介绍文件instructordremailoscarchun

GeneralGeneralChapter1:Introduction(MatterandMeasurement)Instructor:Dr.O6S4C4Ar)LungWaCHUNG(钟龙华)(Email:oscarchung@)DepartmentofChemistryDr.O6S4C4Dr.O6S4C4ArLungWaCHUNG(钟龙华2000TheHongKongUniversityofScience&Technology,B.Sc.(1stHon.)&AcademicAchievementMedal(GGA:A)2003TheHongKongUniversityofScience&M.Phil(Supervisor:Prof.Yun-Dong2006TheHongKongUniversityofScience&Technology,Ph.D.(Supervisor:Prof.Yun-DongWu)ComputationalStudiesofMechanismofMetal-CatalyzedOrganic•2006-2013FukuiInstituteforFundamentalKyotoUniversity(Advisor:Prof.KeijiMorokuma,studentof2NobelPrizeWinner:Profs.Fukui&Karplus)Multi-ScaleSimulationsofComplex•2013(Oct)-Multi-ScaleSimulationsofComplexChemical,Biochemical&BiophysicalSystemsComputational&TheoreticalChemistry(VirtualChemicalReactions)&Outline(c.f.syllabus(教学大纲TheEssayTheEssay&Attheendofthesemester,everygroup(~6+students)shouldsubmitashortessaywithanycurrenttopiconchemicalresearch(eitherChineseor~EndNov:Tentativeproposal(e.g.teammembers,1Jan2016(Tentative):EssayEarlyJan:a10minTheessayTheessayshoulddescribehowachemicalresearchwascarriedoutandhowitbenefitsthesociety.Plagiarism(抄袭isHowaproblemorahypothesiswasbroughtWhen,where,howthisproblemorhypothesiswasdealtwithandwhosolvedthisproblemorHasatheoryormodelbeenestablishedbasedonthehypothesisandexperiments?Aretheremanynewhypothesisandexperimentssuggestedbythetheoryormodel?BeProfessionalwithChemicalSomethingBeProfessionalwithChemicalSomething&WebofWebof点击看点击看摘点击看全记住记住文献信MasteringChemistryOnlineSystemforHomeworkAssignmentMasteringChemistryOnlineSystemforHomeworkAssignmentc.f.MasteringChem网站的注册方法2014.pdf)RegisteringforIfyouIfyoureceivedaCourseIDfromyourinstructor,selectYes,enteryourCourseID,andclickContinue.GeneralChemistry2015CourseID:MCZHONG33703YouarenowYouarenowviewingyourMasteringChemistryClickheretoaccesstheStudyClickheretoaccessTipstoClickheretoViewClickClickIntroductiontotolearnhowtousetheReadReadthequestionandanswerallpartsasTheStudyTheStudyAreaprovidesabundantself-studysfromthemenutheleftsideofWhatWhatKeyOutlineofKeyOutlineofChapterChemistry:matter,itspropertiesandClassificationsofAtoms,Elements,Compounds,Mixture;StateofPropertiesofPhysical&Chemical;Intensive&Extensive;SeparationofMixturesofUnits(SI,Prefix);Uncertainty(Exactvs.Inexactnumber;PrecisionandAccuracy;SignificantFigures);DimensionalAnalysis炼金thestudy炼金thestudyofmatter物质)itspropertiesand(behaviors):(typesofatoms)structure(arrangementof•••SynthesisofvariousmatterwithdifferentpropertiesMeasure,characterizeand/orisolatematterExplain,understandand/orpredictchemicalobservationsandprinciplesChemistry:CHEMisChemistry:TheCentralChemistry:TheCentralEarthBrainMedicalSocio-economicImportanceofPaintingImportanceofPaintingSolarDrugs:（阿司匹林FattyAlcoholFattyAlcoholinOurDailyClassificationsClassificationsMatter:Matter:anythingthathasmassandoccupy>100elementsformsallAtom:thebuildingblocksofElement:onlyauniquekindofCompound:2ormoredifferentkindsofMolecule:2ormoreatomarejointed••••©2012PearsonEducation,PeriodicTablePeriodicTableofthe©2012PearsonEducation,DifferentDifferentcompositionofLawofConstantLawofConstantForthesamepurecompound,itselementalcompositionmustbeSAMEsameCompositionofmypurewater(H2O)shouldbeasyourpurewatersameasthoseinUSAthoseinMars(火星)&sameAllotropes（同素异形体Allotropes（同素异形体）DifferentStructuresofGraphite（石墨Diamond（金刚石（富勒烯Carbon（碳纳米管Graphene(石墨烯©2012PearsonEducation,StatesStatesofMacroscopic(observable)&submicroscopicworlds(atomsandmolecules)Gas:Nofixedvolumeorshape(theweakestintermolecularinteractions)Liquid:hasvolume,noSolid:hasvolume&shape(moleculesarepackedClassificationClassificationofClassificationClassificationofWhichoftheWhichofthefollowingisnotapurePropertiesPropertiesPhysical&ChemicalPhysicalPhysical&ChemicalPhysicalNochangeofanidentityofasubstanceAe.g.boilingpoint,density,mass,volume,••ChemicalAsubstanceischangedintoanotherAAB+A+Bdecomposition(分解orreactivitywithacidIntensive&ExtensiveIntensive&Extensive•Independenceontheamountofthesubstancee.g.density,boilingpoint,color,•Dependenceontheamountofthesubstancee.g.mass,volume,energy,ChemicalThereactingsubstancesareconvertedtonewsubstancesaftertheChemicalThereactingsubstancesareconvertedtonewsubstancesafterthechemicalreaction/change.•PhysicalChanges:changesinmatterthatnotchangethecomposition,e.g.&SeparationSeparationareseparatedfromliquidsandintheboilingpointsofsubstancestoseparateintoitsSeparatessubstancesonthebasisofdifferencessolubilityinasolventoradheringabilitytotheTheScientificTheScientificSI•SI••SystèmeInternationald’Unités(国际单位制AdifferentbaseunitusedforeachMetricMetricUPPER&lowercases:Pvs.p&Mvs.TheScaleofThings–Nanometersand110-210Headofa1-2The1,000,000nanometers1millimeter~510-3(MEMS)TheScaleofThings–Nanometersand110-210Headofa1-2The1,000,000nanometers1millimeter~510-3(MEMS)devices10-100mmDust0.1mm10020010-4Fly~10-20Human~60-120mm10mm10-5RedbloodcellsRedblood(~7-8Zoneplatex-rayOuterringspacing~351,000nanometers1micrometer10-6Fabricateandcombinenanoscalebuildingblockstomakeusefuldevices,e.g.,aphotosyntheticreactioncenterwithintegralsemiconductorstorage.0.1mm10010Nature-inspiredMany10sof10nm10-8~10nmNanotubeATP10-91nanometerMbtkball~1nanotudime~1.3tr~2-1/2nmAtomsofspacing0.07820.1nnEducitrr10-10positionedoneatatimewithanSTMCorraldiameter14Softx-averagekineticenergyaveragekineticenergyoftheparticles;determinesthedirectionofheatflowCelsiusandKelvinscalesaremostused.-Celsiusscale:freezingpoint;100boilingofwater)-Kelvinscale(SInonegative(KC+DerivedSICommonunits:DerivedSICommonunits:liter(L)&milliliter(mL).e.g.1=11mL=1*10-3L=1Units:e.g.dExactnumbersExactnumbers(countingordefined;e.g.vs.Inexactnumbers(measured;e.g.howDifferentmeasuringdevices:differentlevelsof©2012PearsonEducation,AccuracyvsPrecision•AccuracyvsPrecision•Accuracy:howcloseisameasurementtothetruePrecision:howcloseareseveralmeasured•PoorPooraccuracyGoodprecisionGoodPoors4.55Team4.55TeamA:4.21,4.25,TeamB:4.32,4.43,TeamC:4.51,4.52,WhichoneGoodPrecision&GoodGoodPrecision&PoorPoorPrecision&PoorSignificantFigures（有效数字•SignificantSignificantFigures（有效数字•Significantfigures:digitsreflectsexactnessofmeasurement(e.g.1.90g1.90±0.01g;(1significantsignificantfigures;22±Allnonzerodigitsaresignificant:e.g.12.34(4)Zeroesbetweentwosignificantfiguresaresignificant:e.g.120.034(6)Leadingzeroesbeforethefirstnonzerodigitnotsignificant:e.g.0.002Zeroesattheendofanumberaresignificantifthenumberhasadecimalpoint(小数点),e.g.0.20(2),2.0(2),300(1!),300.0Themeasuredquantity0.082060Themeasuredquantity0.082060_significant3456•1.Addition(+)orsubtraction(-):answersarerounded四舍五入totheleast(最小significantdecimalplace•1.Addition(+)orsubtraction(-):answersarerounded四舍五入totheleast(最小significantdecimalplace(小数位).e.g.+11.23g=31.33g31.3(firstdecimal•2.Multiplication(*)ordivision(/):answersareroundedtothenumberofdigitsthatcorrespondstotheleastnumberofsignificantfiguresinanyofthenumbersusedinthecalculation.e.g.6.221cmcm=32.3492cm232cm26.03mL=0.849257g/mL0.85g/mL20.16.03g+7.1g6.03g+7.1g7.1mx6.03mb.SignificantFigures（有效数字WhatisthenumberofSignificantFigures（有效数字Whatisthenumberofsignificantfiguresofthebelowa)601;b)0.054;c)6.3050;d)0