2022考研英语一3月入学模考附答案

2022考研英语一3月入学模考附答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe

ANSWERSHEET(10points)

Generally,acomputerisanydevicethatcanperformnumericalcalculations.」-however,thetermusually

refers_2_anelectronicdevicethatcan_3_aseriesoftasksaccordingtoa_4_setofinstructions.

In1953therewereonlyabout100computersinuseinthe_5_world.Todayhundredsofmillionsof

computers_6_inhomes,schools,businesses,governmentoffices,anduniversitiesforalmost

every_7_purpose.

Moderndesktoppersonalcomputers,orPCs,are_8_thanthehuge,million-dollarbusinesscomputersof

the1960sand1970s.MostPCscanperformfrom400milliontoseveralbillion_9_persecond.These

computersareusednotonlyforhousehold_10_andpersonalentertainment,butalsoformostofthe

automatedtasks_l1_bysmall

businesses.Thefastestdesktopcomputersarecalledworkstations,andtheyare_12_usedfbrscientific,

engineering,oradvancedbusiness_13_.

Thespeedandpowerofsupercomputers,thefastestclassofcomputer,arealmost_14_human

comprehension,andtheir_15_arecontinuallybeing_16_.Thefastestofthesemachinescanperformmore

than7trillion-andtheoreticallycanrunmorethan12trillion-operationspersecondandcanstore6trillion

charactersinitsmemory,_17_ittodotheworkofthousandsofPCs.Supercomputers_18_these

speeds_19_theuseofseveraladvancedengineeringtechniques.Becausetheycancostbillionsofdollars-and

becausetheycanbelargeenoughtocoverthesizeoftwobasketballcourts-supercomputersareused_40_by

governmentagenciesandlargeresearchcenters.

第1题

1.[A]Currently[B]Consequently[C]Conceivably[D]Clearly

[参考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：一般来说，任何可以执行数字计算的装置都可以称为计算机。但是，现在,

这个词一般是指能够按照一系列精确的指令执行一系列任务的电子装置。[B]Consequently“后来”;

©Conceivably”可以想象得到“，[D]Clearly”很明显地”。从逻辑关系上来看，只有currently最合适。

第2题

2.[A]in[B]at[C]as[D]to

[参考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】此题考察toreferto"涉及；提到”这一固定搭配。

第3题

3.[A]perform[B]conduct[C]achieve[D]fulfill

[参考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】perform"做；执行;表演；指挥;操作“，[B]conduct”行为;处理；引导；指挥；导电"，[C]

achieve“完成，达到“，[D]fblfiD"实践,履行，实行，结束，满足，完成，达到“，只有[A]符合文意。

第4题

4.[A]rigid[B]serious[C]precise[D]harsh

[参考答案]C

[答案解析]

【解析】precise精确的，准确的，符合文意。[A]rigid"刚硬的，刚性的，严格的”。

第5题

5.[A]entire[B]complete[C]total[D]general

[参考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是:在1953年，全世界只有大约100台计算机。“全世界"用entireworldo[B]complete

强调“完整性"，[C]total强调“合计，总计“，[D]general"一般的，普通的，综合的，概括的，全面的，

大体的

第6题

6.[A]aretobeused[B]arebeingused[C]havebeenusing[D]used

[参考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：如今，家庭，学校，企业，政府，大学使用着上亿的计算机，而它们的用途

多种多样，几乎所有你可以想象的用途。“正在被使用着''用现在进行时。

第7题

7.[A]perceptive[B]conceivable[C]inevitablefD]imaginary

[参考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】conceivable”可能的，想得到的,可想像的“，符合题意。[A]perceptive”感觉敏锐的；观察入

微的"，[C]inevitable"不可避免的，必然的"，[D]imaginary"假想的，想象的,虚构的“，均与题意不

符。

第8题

8.

[A]manytimesmorepowerful

fB]manymoretimespowerful

[C]powerfulmanymoretimes

[DJpowerfulmoremanytimes

[参考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：现代的台式个人计算机，或者PC,比二十世纪六十年代和七十年代那些巨

型的，价值数百万的商用计算机功能强大很多倍。“很多倍”，用manytimesmore…后面加形容词。

第9题

9.[A]exercises[B]missions[C]errands[D]operations

[参考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：大多数个人电脑每秒可以实现四亿到几十亿次的运转。和perform搭配的名

词，四个选项中,operation最恰当。[B]mission"特使团”，[C]errand”差事，差使，使命“，不和题意。

第10题

10.[A]management[B]execution[C]application[D]manipulation

[参考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：这些电脑不仅用于家庭管理和个人娱乐，而且用于企业多数的自动完成的任

务。Management”经营,管理，处理,操纵”，符合题意。[B]execution”实行,完成,执行，死刑"，[C]

application”请求,申请,申请表，应用，运用"，[D]manipulation"处理，操作，操纵，被操纵

第11题

11.[A]claimed[B]necessitated[C]required[D]requested

[参考答案]C

[答案解析]

【解析】required"需要”用require最恰当。[A]claim”（根据权利）要求，认领，声称，主张“，[B]

necessitated”使需要；使成为必需”。

第12题

12.[A]inclusively[B]generally[C]totally[D]entirely

[参考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：最快的计算机被称为工作站。它们一般被用于科学，工程，或者高级商务。

[B]符合题意。[A]inclusively"包含地，在内地”。

第13题

13.[A]employments[B]exercises[C]usages[D]applications

[参考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】applications“应用”一般用application。Usage一般指语言的“使用，用法

第14题

14.[A]beyond[B]without[C]over[D]out

[参考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：最快的计算机，也就是超级计算机的速度和潜力，几乎是人类所无法想象的。

Beyondsb'scomprehension"是...无法想象的“。

第15题

15.[A]capabilities[B]qualifications[C]skills[D]vacancies

[参考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：它们的性能还在日新月异地改进。C叩ability"（实际）能力，性能，容量，接受

力”,符合题意。[B]qualification"资格，条件，限制，限定，赋予资格"，[C]skill"技能，技巧，熟练,

巧妙（多用于人）”，[D]vacancy“空，空白，空缺，空闲”。

第16题

16.[A]propelled[B]boosted[C]improved[D]enriched

[参考答案]C

[答案解析]

【解析】improved“提高”，“改进”，“改善”，符合题意。[A]propel”推进，驱使"，[B]boost"往上推;

增加；提高"，[D]enrich"使富足，使肥沃，使丰富”。

第17题

17.[A]thatallows[B]allows[C]toallow[D]allowing

[参考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：最快的计算机每秒可以进行7万亿次运算一理论上说，可以达到12万亿次

—可以在内存中储藏6万亿字符，从而允许它完成数千台个人电脑的工作。Allowing为分词，引导从

句修饰主句。

第18题

18.[A]obtain[B]attain[C]win[D]secure

[参考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：超级计算机是通过使用几种先进的工程技术实现这么快的速度的。”实现某

种速度”，可以用attain或achieve0

第19题

19.[A]at[B]on[C]with[D]through

[参考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】through“通过”最常用的介词为through,本文中也符合题意。

第20题

20.[A]primarily[B]conditionally[C]initially[D]fundamentally

[参考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】该句的意思是：因为它们可能价值数亿美元，同时也因为它们体积巨大，可以覆盖两个篮球

场，超级计算机主要是政府机关和大型研究中心使用的。根据题意，选[A]。其他选项[B]conditionally“有

条件地"，[C]initially"最初，开头"，[D]fundamentally“基础地，根本地”。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions.

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Tennessee'stechnicalandcommunitycollegeswillnotoutsourcemanagementoftheirfacilitiestoa

privatecompany,adecisiononeleadersaidwasbolsteredbyananalysisofspendingateachcampus.

InanemailsentMondaytocollegepresidentsintheTennesseeBoardofRegentssystem,outgoing

ChancellorJohnMorgansaidaninternalanalysisshowedthateachcampus9spendingonfacilities

managementfellwellbelowtheindustrystandardsidentifiedbythestate.Morgansaidthose

findings—whichincludeddatafromthesystem's13communitycolleges,27technicalcollegesandsix

universities—werepartofthedecisionnottomoveforwardwithGovernorBillHaslam'sproposalto

privatizemanagementofstatebuildingsinanefforttosavemoney.

“Whilethesenumbersarestillbeingvalidatedbythestate,wefeelanyadjustmentstheymightsuggest

willbeimmaterial,Morganwrotetothepresidents."Systeminstitutionsareoperatingveryefficientlybased

onthisanalysis,raisingthequestionofthevalueofpursuingabroadscaleoutsourcinginitiative.^^

Worker'sadvocateshavecriticizedHaslam'splan,sayingitwouldmeansomecampusworkerswould

losetheirjobsorbenefits.Haslamhassaidcollegeswouldbefreetooptinoroutoftheoutsouringplan,

whichhasnotbeenfinalized.

MorgannotifiedtheHaslamadministrationofhisdecisiontooptoutinalettersentlastweek.Thatletter,

whichincludesseveralconcernsMorganhaswiththeplan,wasoriginallyobtainedbyTheCommercial

AppealinMemphis.

Inanemailstatementfromthestate'sOfficeofCustomerFocusedGovernment,whichisexaminingthe

possibilityofoutsourcing,spokeswomanMichelleR.Martinsaidofficialswerestillworkingtoanalyzethe

datafromtheBoardofRegents.Dataonmanagementexpensesatthecollegesystemandinotherstate

departmentswillbepartofa"businessjustificationnthestatewilluseasofficialsdeliberatethespecificsof

anoutsourcingplan.

“Thestate'sfacilitiesmanagementprojectteamisstillintheprocessofdevelopingitsbusiness

justificationandexpectstohavethatcompletedandavailabletothepublicattheendofFebruary,Martin

said."Atthistimethereisnothingtotakeactiononsincetheanalysishasyettobecompleted.^^

Morgan'scommentsonoutsourcingmarkthesecondtimethismonththathehascomeoutagainstoneof

Haslam'splansfbrhighereducationinTennessee.Morgansaidlastweekthathewouldretireattheendof

Januarybecauseofthegovernor'sproposaltosplitoffsixuniversitiesoftheBoardofRegentssystemand

createseparategoverningboardsforeachofthem.Inhisresignationletter,Morgancalledthereorganization

“unworkable”.

第21题

21.WhatdowelearnaboutthedecisionoftechnicalandcommunitycollegesinTennessee?

A.Itisbackedbyacampusspendinganalysis.

B.Ithasbeenflatlyrejectedbythegovernor.

C.Ithasneglectedtheirfaculty'sdemands.

D.Itwillimprovetheirfinancialsituation.

［参考答案］A

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词decision,technicalandcommunitycolleges,Tennessee可定位至第一段。A

选项中的backed与原文中的bolstered同义，因此选A。

第22题

22.Whatdoesthecampusspendinganalysisreveal?

A.Privatecompaniesplayabigroleincampusmanagement.

B.Facilitiesmanagementbycollegesismorecost-effective.

C.Facilitiesmanagementhasgreatlyimprovedinrecentyears.

D.Collegesexercisefoilcontrolovertheirownfinancialaffairs.

［参考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词campusspendinganalysis,reveal可以定位至原文的第二段。题干中的reveal

对应原文中的showed。因此选B。

第23题

23.Workers5supportersarguethatBillHaslam'sproposalwould.

A)deprivecollegesoftherighttomanagetheirfacilities

B)makeworkerslessmotivatedinperformingduties

C)renderanumberofcampusworkersjobless

D)leadtotheprivatizationofcampusfacilities

［参考答案］C

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词Workers5supporters,BillHaslam'sproposal可以定位至第四段。该段的第

一句指出，工人拥护者已经批判了哈斯拉姆的计划，他们表示这将意味着一些校园工人可能会失去他

们的工作或利益。因此选C。

第24题

24.Whatdowelearnfromthestatespokeswoman'sresponsetoJohnMorgan'sdecision?

A)Theoutsourcingplanisnotyetfinalized.

B)Theoutsourcingplanwillbeimplemented.

C)Thestateofficialsareconfidentabouttheoutsourcingplan.

D)Thecollegespendinganalysisjustifiestheoutsourcingplan.

［参考答案］A

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词spokeswoman可定位至第六段。该段指出，发言人MichelleR.

Martin表示官员们还在分析评议委员会的数据。大学体系和其他州相关部门的管理费用数据将会是

“商业理由”的一部分，田纳西州会用此来研讨外包计划的细节。这说明，外包计划还在讨论中，尚

未成定论，因此选A。

第25题

21.WhydidJohnMorgandecidetoresign?

A)HehadlostconfidenceintheTennesseestategovernment.

B)Hedisagreedwiththegovernoronhighereducationpolicies.

C)Hethoughtthestate'soutsourcingproposalwassimplyunworkable.

D)Heopposedthegovernor'splantoreconstructthecollegeboardsystem.

［参考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词JohnMorgan,resign可定位至最后一段。该段的最后一句指出，在他的辞

职信中，摩根表示这一重组计划“不切实际”。言外之意就是反对州长重组大学董事会的计划。因此

选D。

Text2

Beginninginthelatesixteenthcentury,itbecamefashionableforyoungaristocratstovisitParis,Venice,

Florence,andaboveall,Rome,astheculminationoftheirclassicaleducation.Thuswasbomtheideaofthe

GrandTour,apracticewhichintroducedEnglishmen,Germans,Scandinavians,andalsoAmericanstothe

artandcultureofFranceandItalyforthenext300years.Travelwasarduousandcostlythroughoutthe

period,possibleonlyforaprivilegedclass一thesamethatproducedgentlemenscientists,authors,antique

experts,andpatronsofthearts.

TheGrandTouristwastypicallyayoungmanwithathoroughgroundinginGreekandLatinliteratureas

wellassomeleisuretime,somemeans,andsomeinterestinart.TheGermantravelerJohannWinckelmann

pioneeredthefieldofarthistorywithhiscomprehensivestudyofGreekandRomansculpture;hewas

portrayedbyhisfriendAntonRaphaelMengsatthebeginningofhislongresidenceinRome.MostGrand

Tourists,however,stayedforbrieferperiodsandsetoutwithlessscholarlyintentions,accompaniedbya

teacherorguardian,andexpectedtoreturnhomewithsouvenirsoftheirtravelsaswellasanunderstanding

ofartandarchitectureformedbyexposuretogreatmasterpieces.

LondonwasafrequentstartingpointforGrandTourists,andParisacompulsorydestination;many

traveledtotheNetherlands,sometoSwitzerlandandGermany,andaveryfewadventurerstoSpain,Greece,

orTurkey.Theessentialplacetovisit,however,wasItaly.TheBritishtravelerCharlesThompsonspokefor

manyGrandTouristswhenin1744hedescribedhimselfas“beingimpatientlydesirousofviewingacountry

sofamousinhistory,acountrywhichoncegavelawstotheworld,andwhichisatpresentthegreatest

schoolofmusicandpainting,containsthenoblestproductionsofsculptureandarchitecture,andisfilled

withcabinetsofrarities,andcollectionsofallkindsofhistoricalrelics”.WithinItaly,thegreatfocuswas

Rome,whoseancientruinsandmorerecentachievementswereshowntoeveryGrandTourist.Panini's

AncientRomeandModemRomerepresentthesightsmostprized,includingcelebratedGreco-Roman

statuesandviewsoffamousruins,fountains,andchurches.

SincetherewerefewmuseumsanywhereinEuropebeforethecloseoftheeighteenthcentury,Grand

Touristsoftensawpaintingsandsculpturesbygainingadmissiontoprivatecollections,andmanywereeager

toacquireexamplesofGreco-RomanandItalianartfortheirowncollections.InEngland,wherearchitecture

wasincreasinglyseenasanaristocraticpursuit,noblemenoftenappliedwhattheylearnedfromthevillasof

PalladiointheVenetoandtheevocativeruinsofRometotheirowncountryhousesandgardens.

第26题

26.WhatissaidabouttheGrandTour?

A)Itwasfashionableamongyoungpeopleofthetime.

B)Itwasunaffordableforordinarypeople.

C)ItproducedsomefamousEuropeanartists.

D)Itmadeacompulsorypartofcollegeeducation.

［参考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词theGrandTour定位至第一段第二句。由此可知，大旅行对于一般人来说

是负担不起的。故选B。

第27题

27.WhatdidGrandTouristshaveincommon?

A)Theyhadmuchgeographicknowledge.

B)Theywerecourageousandventuresome.

C)Theywereversedinliteratureandinterestedinart.

D)Theyhadenoughtravelandoutdoor-lifeexperience.

［参考答案］c

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词GrandTourists定位至第二段第一句。选项C是对原文的同义表述，其中

wereversedin对应原文中的athoroughgroundingin。故选Co

第28题

28.HowdidGrandTouristsbenefitfromtheirtravel?

A)Theyfoundinspirationintheworld'sgreatestmasterpieces.

B)Theygotabetterunderstandingofearlyhumancivilization.

C)Theydevelopedaninterestintheoriginofmodemartforms.

D)Theygainedsomeknowledgeofclassicalartandarchitecture.

［参考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词benefitfromtheirtravel定位至第二段最后一句。选项D是对原文的同义改

写，其中knowledge对应原文中的understandingo故选D。

第29题

29.WhydidmanyGrandTouristsvisittheprivatecollections?

A)Theycouldbuyuniquesouvenirstheretotakebackhome.

B)Europehardlyhadanymuseumsbeforethe19thcentury.

C)Theyfoundtheantiquestheremorevaluable.

D)Privatecollectionswereofgreatervariety.

［参考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词theprivatecollections定位至第三段倒数第二句。选项中的hardly和before

the19thcentury分别对应原文中的few和beforethecloseoftheeighteenthcenturyo故选B。

第30题

30.HowdidtheGrandTourinfluencethearchitectureinEngland?

A)ThereappearedmoreandmoreRoman-stylebuildings.

B)ManyaristocratsbegantomoveintoRoman-stylevillas.

C)Aristocrats,countryhousesallhadRoman-stylegardens.

D)Italianarchitectswerehiredtodesignhousesandgardens.

［参考答案］A

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词influencethearchitectureinEngland定位至第三段最后一句。由此可知，在

英国会有越来越多的罗马风格的建筑，选项A是对原文的延展推理。故选A。

Text3

Opendatasharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Althoughmanyresearchersbroadlyagreethat

publicaccesstorawdatawouldacceleratescience,mostarereluctanttoposttheresultsoftheirownlabors

online.

Somecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline一geneticists,forexample,postDNAsequencesatthe

GenBankrepository,andastronomersareaccustomedtoaccessingimagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,

theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescopethathasobservedsome500millionobjects---buttheseremainthe

exception,nottherule.Historically,scientistshaveobjectedtosharingformanyreasons:itisalotofwork;

untilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficult

toagreeonstandardsforformattingdata;andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata.

Butthebarriersaredisappearing,inpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwideare

encouragingscientiststomaketheirdatapublic.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportthat

scientistsneedto“shiftawayfromaresearchculturewheredataisviewedasaprivatepreserve^^.

Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidfbrwithpublicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthe

scientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbeshareddigitallyinwaysthatwerenotpossible

before.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearch

productsonlineandenableotherresearcherstodiscoverandcitethem.

Althoughcallstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthemoraladvantagesofsharing,thepracticeisnot

purelyaltruistic.Researcherswhosharegetplentyofpersonalbenefits,includingmoreconnectionswith

colleagues,improvedvisibilityandincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharersthosewhosedataare

downloadedandcitedthemostoften---getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused.Forexample,oneofthemost

populardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeen

downloaded5,700times.Co-authorAmyZannethinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-change

researcherswantingtoestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesterslookingforinformation

ondifferentgradesoftimber."I'dmuchprefertohavemydatausedbythemaximumnumberofpeopleto

asktheirownquestions,9,shesays."It'simportanttoallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhow

youarriveatyourresults.Publishingdataandcodeallowsyoursciencetobereproducible.

Evenpeoplewhosedataarelesspopularcanbenefit.Bymakingtheefforttoorganizeandlabelfilesso

otherscanunderstandthem,scientistsbecomemoreorganizedandbetterdisciplinedthemselves,thus

avoidingconfusionlateron.

第31题

31.Whatdomanyresearchersgenerallyaccept?

A)Itisimperativetoprotectscientists5patents.

B)Repositoriesareessentialtoscientificresearch.

C)Opendatasharingismostimportanttomedicalscience.

D)Opendatasharingisconducivetoscientificadvancement.

［参考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词manyresearchers,generallyaccept可定位至原文的第一段。D项中的is

conducivetoscientificadvancement对应原文的acceleratescience0因止匕选D。

第32题

32.Whatistheattitudeofmostresearcherstowardsmakingtheirowndatapublic?

A)Opposed.

B)Ambiguous.

C)Liberal.

D)Neutral

［参考答案］A

［答案解析］

【解析】本题定位至原文第一段的最后：但是大部分研究人员仍不愿意将自己的劳动成果放在网上。

此外，第二段的第二句说到，科学家曾经给出许多反对共享的原因……。这充分说明大部分研究人员

反对公开他们的数据。因此选A。

第33题

33.Accordingtothepassage,whatmighthinderopendatasharing?

A)Thefearofmassivecopying.

B)Thelackofaresearchculture.

C)Thebeliefthatresearchdataisprivateintellectualproperty.

D)Theconcernthatcertainagenciesmaymakeaprofitoutofit.

［参考答案］c

［答案解析］

【解析】本题定位至原文的第三段。其中原文中的“将数据视为私人所有的研究文化”也就是“认为研

究数据是privateintellectualproperty的观点，因此选Co

第34题

34.Whathelpsliftsomeofthebarrierstoopendatasharing?

A)Theever-growingdemandforbigdata.

B)Theadvancementofdigitaltechnology.

C)Thechangingattitudeofjournalsandfunders.

D)Thetrendofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.

［参考答案］C

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词barriers可定位至原文的第三段。该段指出，障碍正在消失，部分原因是

全世界的杂志和资金资助机构正在鼓励科学家们将数据公开。……资金资助机构表明使用公共资金赞

助的数据应该成为公共信息。这表明杂志和资助方的态度已经开始接受共享数据的观念，其态度发生

了改变，因此选C。

第35题

35.Dryadservesasanexampletoshowhowopendatasharing.

A)isbecomingincreasinglypopular

B)benefitssharersandusersalike

C)makesresearcherssuccessful

D)savesbothmoneyandlabor

［参考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】由题干中的关键词Dryad可定位至倒数第二段。原文意思是使用者对公开的数据有疑问的，

还可对这些数据提出问题，这样可以使分享者进一步完善数据。这说明，公开数据分享无论对于数据

的分享者还是使用者，他们都能从中受益。因此选B。

Text4

Macy'sreporteditssalesplunged5.2%inNovemberandDecemberatstoresopenmorethanayear,a

disappointingholidayseasonperformancethatcappedadifficultyearforadepartmentstorechainfacing

wide-rangingchallenges.ItsflagshipstoresinmajorU.S.citiesdependheavilyoninternationaltourist

spending,whichshrankatmanyretailersduetoastrongdollar.Meanwhile,Macy'shassimplystruggledto

lureconsumerswhoaremoreinterestedinspendingontravelordiningoutthanonnewclothesor

accessories.

ThecompanyblamedmuchofthepoorperformanceinNovemberandDecemberonunseasonablywarm

weather."About80%ofourcompany'syear-over-yeardeclinesincomparablesalescanbeattributedto

shortfallsincold-weathergoods/9saidchiefexecutiveTenyLundgreninapressrelease.Thispromptedthe

companytocutitsforecastsforthefullfourthquarter.

However,ifsclearthatMacy'sbelievesitstroublesrundeeperthanatemporaryaberrationoffthe

thermometer.Theretailgiantsaidthepoorfinancialperformancethisyearhaspushedittobegin

implementing$400millionincost-cuttingmeasures.Thecompanypledgedtocut600back-officepositions,

thoughsome150workersinthoseroleswouldbereassignedtootherjobs.Italsoplanstooffer"voluntary

separation“packagesto165seniorexecutives.Itwillslashstaffingatitsfleetof770stores,amoveaffecting

some3,000employees.

Theretaileralsoannouncedthelocationsof36storesitwillcloseinearly2016.Thecompanyhad

previouslyannouncedtheplannedclosures,buthadnotsaidwhichlocationswouldbeaffected.Noneofthe

chain'sstoresintheWashingtonmetropolitanareaaretobeclosed.

Macy'shasbeenmovingaggressivelytotrytoremakeitselfforaneweraofshopping.Ithasplansto

openmorelocationsofMacy'sBackstage,anewly-developedoff-priceconceptwhichmighthelpitbetter

competewithambitiousT.J.Maxx.It'salsopushingaheadin2016withanexpansionofBluemercury,the

beautychainitboughtlastyear.AtatimewhenyoungbeautyshoppersareoftenturningtoSephoraor

Ultainsteadofdepartmentstorebeautycounters,Macy'shopesBluemercurywillhelpstrengthenits

positioninthecategory.

OnerelativebrightspotfbrMacy'sduringtheholidayseasonwastheonlinechannel,whereitrangup

4tdouble-digif,increasesinsalesanda25%increaseinthenumberofordersitfilled.Thatrelativestrength

wouldbeconsistentwithwhatwasseeninthewilderretailindustryduringtheearlypartoftheholiday

season.WhileThanksgiving,BlackFridayandCyberMondayallsawrecordspendingonline,in-storesales

plungedovertheholidayweekend.

第36题

36.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheshrinkingspendingofinternationaltouristsintheU.S.?

[A]ItisattributabletotherisingvalueoftheU.S.dollar.

[B]Itisadirectresultoftheglobaleconomicrecession.

[C]Itreflectsashiftoftheirinterestinconsumergoods.

[D]ItposesapotentialthreattotheretailbusinessintheU.S.

[参考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】根据题干中的关键调shrinking,spending,internationaltourists可定位至第一段的第二句，因此

选Ao

第37题

37.WhatdoesMacy'sbelieveaboutitsproblems?

A)Theycanbesolvedwithbettermanagement.

B)Theycannotbeattributedtoweatheronly.

C)Theyarenotasseriousinitsonlinestores.

D)Theycallforincreasedinvestments.

［参考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】本题定位于第二段的第一句，因此选B。

第38题

38.Inordertocutcosts,Macy'sdecidedto.

A)cutthesalaryofseniorexecutives

B)relocatesomeofitschainstores

C)adjustitspromotionstrategies

D)reducethesizeofitsstaff

［参考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】根据题干中的关键词cutcosts可定位于第三段的第二句至该段的最后一句，因此选D。

第39题

39.WhydoesMacy'splantoexpandBluemercuryin2016?

A)Toexperimentonitsnewbusinessconcept.

B)Tofocusmoreonbeautyproductsthanclothing.

C)Topromotesalesofitsproductsbyloweringprices.

D)Tobemorecompetitiveinsalesofbeautyproducts.

［参考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】根据题干中的关键词expand,Bluemercury,in2016可定位至第五段的第三、四句，因此选D。

第40题

40.WhatcanwelearnaboutMacy'sduringtheholidayseason?

A)Salesdroppedsharplyinitsphysicalstores.

B)ItsretailsalesexceededthoseofT.J.Maxx.

C)IthelpedBluemercuryestablishitspositionworldwide.

D)Itfilleditsstoreswithabundantsupplyofmerchandise.

[参考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】根据题干中的关键词holidayseason可定位至最后一段。因此选D。

PartB

Directions

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheir

childrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA-Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpart

ofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadings

thatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(lOpoints)

[A]SetaGoodExampleforYourKids

[B]BuildYourKids'WorkSkills

[C]PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivities

[D]TalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasis

[E]HelpKidsDevelopCopingStrategies

[F]HelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre

[G]BuildYourKids'SenseofResponsibility

HowcanaParentHelp?

Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajob's

startingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadulfsneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfrom

schooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestartupadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures,

drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcan“worklife

unreadiness^^:

41.____________________________

Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsand

weaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellor

collaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercl