人教版九年级英语Unit 6知识点梳理及语法讲义（学生版）

九年级英语Unit6知识点与语法精讲精练词汇梳理词汇梳理（一）完成单词梳理：名词：1.鞋跟；足跟2.勺；铲子3.电；电能4.样式；款式5.英雄；男主角6.高兴；愉快7.拉链；拉锁8.网站9.先锋；先驱10.统治者；支配者11.受欢迎；普及12.冰箱13.地震14.钟（声）15.饼干16.曲奇饼17.器械；仪器；工具18.顾客；客户19.篮；筐20.项目；工程动词：1.提到；说到2.煮沸；烧开3.保持不变；剩余4.翻译5.（使）发出钟声或铃声；打6.分开；分散副词：1.几乎形容词：1.每日的；日常的2.意外的；偶然的3.低的；矮的4.国家的；民族的5.突然（的）6.音乐的；有音乐天赋的7.脆的；酥脆的8.咸的9.酸的；有酸味的10.职业的；专业的兼类词：1.（v）列表；列清单（n）名单；清单2.（n）气味（v）发出……气味；闻到3.（n）贸易；交易（v）做买卖；从事贸易4.（n）疑惑；疑问（v）怀疑5.（pron）某人（n）重要人物6.（v）锁上；锁住（n）锁7.（adj）加拿大的；加拿大人的（n）加拿大人(二)词汇变形小结：1.pleasure(n.高兴；愉快)—(v.使满意)—(adj.高兴的；满意的)—(adj.令人高兴的)—(adj.令人愉快的)2.accidental(adj.意外的；偶然的)—(n.意外；事故)3.ruler(n.统治者)—(v.统治)4.smell(v.闻到)—(过去式/过去分词）5.national(adj.国家的；民族的）—(n.民族)6.trade(v.做买卖)—(n.商人）7.popularity(n.受欢迎；普及)—(adj.受欢迎的)translate(v.翻译)—(n.翻译)—(n.翻译家)9.ring(v.打)—(过去式)—(过去分词)10.sudden(adj.突然的)—(adv.突然地)11.musical（adj.音乐的）—(n.音乐)—(n.音乐家)12.salty（adj.咸的）—(n.盐)13.Canadian（adj.加拿大的）—(n.加拿大)14.hero（n.英雄）—(复数)15.daily（adj.每天的）—(n.天；日)16.invent（v.发明）—(n.发明物)—(n.发明家)【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空ZhengChenggongisagreat___________(nation)heroinChinesehistory.They___________(ring)thebellandcameintotheroom.___________(sudden),thecandlewasblewoutbythewind.Readingalotofbooksbringsmealotof___________(please).puterplaysanimportantroleinour___________(day)life.OurnewEnglishteacheresfromasmall___________(Canada)town.Therearealotof___________(hero)inChinesehistory.Tea,themostpopulardrinkisan___________(accident)invention.The___________(rule)oftheislandwasastrictandpowerfulman.Mymotherlikes___________(salt)food,butmyfatherdoesn’tlikeitbecausehethinksitisunhealthy.(三)短语攻关：有道理 偶然；意外地 发生；出现 毫无疑问；的确 突然；猛地 错误地；无意中 把……分开 钦佩；仰慕 不但……而且……落入；陷入 导致 把……译成…… 同时 乐意效劳 ……的数量 想出；提出 鼓励某人做某事实现某人的梦想知识点梳理知识点梳理1.Withpleasure!乐意效劳！【易混辨析】易错点：it’sapleasure,mypleasure与withpleasureIt’sapleasure意为“不客气”，对别人的感谢的礼貌回答MypleasureWithpleasure意为“乐意效劳”，表示客气地接受或同意Eg.►—Thankyouverymuch!多谢！—It’sapleasure./Mypleasure.不客气。►—CouldyouhelpmelookaftermydogwhileI’maway?我不在家时你能帮我照看一下我的狗吗？—Withpleasure.乐意效劳。【即学即用】1.—CouldyoutellmehowtopayforthefoodbyQRcode（二维码）onthephone?—.’sdoesn’’sapleasure2.Forexample,itmentionedthatthezipperwasinventedbyWhitbJudsonin1893.例如，它提到拉链是由惠特科姆·贾德森于1893年发明的。一般过去时的被动语态【句式剖析】一般过去时的被动语态Forexample,itmentionedthatthezipperwasinventedbyWhitbJudsonin1893.Don’tmentionit.别提了！Don’tmentionit.别提了！不客气（别人道谢时回答）Eg.—Howdidyoudoontheexam?你这次考试怎么样？—Don’tmentionit.It’stoobad.别提了。太糟糕了。Eg.—Thanksforyourhelp.多谢你的帮助。—Don’tmentionit.不用客气。【即学即用】—Thankyouforremindingmeofthemeeting.—.A.Itdoesn’tmatter B.Nevermind ’tmentionit3.It’ssaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongwasthefirsttodiscoverteaasadrink.据说一个叫神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。【用法详解】（1）ruler在此处作名词，意为“统治者；支配者”，ruler还可意为“直尺”。It’ssaidthat...意为“据说……”，该句式中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句’ssaidthat5Gising.Itwillimproveourlifegreatly.据说5G就要来了，它会极大地改善我们的生活。【拓展延伸】It’sbelievedthat...人们认为……It’sreportedthat...据报道……It’sknownthat...众所周知……4.Someleavesfromateaplantfellintothewaterandremainedthereforsometime.一些茶树上的叶子落入水里并在里面停留了一段时间。【用法详解】fallinto意为“落入；陷入”，其中fall的过去式为，过去分词为。【拓展延伸】fall的其他常见短语：落后摔倒入睡从……掉下【即学即用】Thelittleboytheriver.Peoplenearbyhurriedtopullhimoutofit.A.felltoB.fellintoC.felloffD.fellover5.Itproducedanicesmellsohetastedthebrownwater.它散发出一种香味，因此他尝了尝这种褐色的水。【用法详解】（1）smell作可数名词，意为“气味”，作不可数名词，意为“嗅觉”。看起来听起来感觉闻起来看起来听起来感觉闻起来尝起来后接形容词Dogshaveaverygoodsenseofsmell.狗的嗅觉非常灵敏。smell还可作系动词，意为“有……气味；闻起来……”，后接形容词作表语五个感官动词：【即学即用】1.ThecheesecakesogoodthatIcan’twaittoeatit.A.tastes B.feels 2.—Howaboutthefruitsalad?—Yummy!Ittastevery.Bytheway,whomadeit?A.goodB.badC.wellD.badly6.TheteatradefromChinatoWesterncountriestookplaceinthe19thcentury.从中国到西方国家的茶叶贸易出现在19世纪。【易混辨析】takeplace与happentakeplace不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。指根据安排或计划发生，含有事先预料或计划的意思。happen不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。指具体客观事件的发生，有偶然性，未能预见。【拓展延伸】表示某人发生某事时，用“sth.happentosb.”结构Eg.ThebirthdaypartywilltakeplaceonSunday.生日聚会将于星期日举行。及物动词：后面可以直接跟宾语；不及物动词：后面不能直接跟宾语，需要加上介词才能跟宾语Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.事故是昨天晚上发生的。及物动词：后面可以直接跟宾语；不及物动词：后面不能直接跟宾语，需要加上介词才能跟宾语【即学即用】1.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.happenB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened2.—Whathimlastnight?—Hehadanaccidentonthewayhome.A.tookplaceonB.happenedtoC.tookplaceto D.happenedon7.Somebodystolemycamerafrommyhotelroom.有人从我的旅馆房间偷了我的相机。【易混辨析】重点：somebody,anybody,nobody与everybody词条含义用法相同点somebody（someone）某人，重要人物常用于（肯定/否定/疑问）句，也可用于表示请求或建议的疑问句中（1）在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；（2）形容词或动词不定式修饰复合不定代词时，要放在复合不定代词（之前/之后）。anybody（anyone）任何人常用于（肯定/否定/疑问）句和（肯定/否定/疑问）句nobody（noone）没有人，无名小卒表示否定意义everybody（everyone）每个人【即学即用】1.MrsBrownisnice.EverydayshetriedtocookformeduringmystayinCanada.A.somethingdifferent B.differentsomethingC.nothingdifferent D.differenteverything2.—It’stimetobeginourmeetingnow.Is______here?—No.BenandJillarestillontheway.3.—Isthereelseintheclassroom?—It’sempty（空的）.islisteningtoaspeechintheschoolhall.A.anybody;Anybody B.anybody;EverybodyC.everybody;Anybody D.everybody;Everybody8.Itisover100yearsoldandisplayedbymorethan100millionpeopleinover200countries.它有100多年的历史了，有200多个国家的一亿多人打篮球。【用法详解】常考点：概数词hundred（百）,thousand（千）,million（百万）,billion（亿）的用法概概数词表示具体数目时，不能用复数形式，也不与of连用eg.两百twohundred概数词表示不确切的数目时，后加s，并且与of连用eg.数百万的millionsof【即学即用】1.AboutfortydoctorsinChinavolunteeredtosupportWuhanduringthethreemonths.A.thousand B.thousandsC.thousandsofD.thousandof2.Nowadays,farmersleavetheirhometowntosearchforworkinthecities.A.millionof B.twomillions C.millionsof D.twomillionsof9.Atthesametime,theyneedtostopthepetingteamfromgettingtheballintotheirownbasket.同时，他们需要阻止对方把球投进自己的篮筐里。【用法详解】stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事，同义表达为preventsb.(from)doingsth.和keepsb.fromdoingsth.Eg.Nothingcanstopus(from)realizingourdreams.=Nothingcanpreventus(from)realizingourdreams.没有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。=Nothingcankeepusfromrealizingourdreams.【特别提醒】以上三个结构用于被动语态时，from均不可省略。Eg.Thatboywasstopped/prevented/keptfromplayingwithfirebythepolicemanjustnow.刚才那个男孩被警察阻止玩火。【即学即用】1.Aswaterisveryimportantforus,weshouldstoppeoplefrom________theriver.A.polluting B.using C.filling D.crossing2.Thebadweatherstoppedthem________thesciencemuseumlastSunday.A.tovisit B.fromvisiting C.visit D.visited10.Basketballhasnotonlybeeapopularsporttoplay,butitalsobeeapopularsporttowatch.篮球不仅成了一项人们喜欢玩的运动，它也成了一项人们喜欢观看的运动。【用法详解】notonly...butalso...是并列连词，意为“不但……而且……；不仅……还……”，用来连接两个并列成分,也可以连接两个句子。Eg.Helikesnotonlymusicbutalsoart.他不但喜欢音乐，而且喜欢美术。【拓展延伸】not...only...,but...also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的形式要和它最近的主语的形式保持一致，即遵循“”原则。Eg.NotonlychildrenbutalsoheenjoyswatchingTV.不但孩子们，而且他也喜欢看电视。【即学即用】1.Whichshowdoyouprefer,RunningManorTheReader?Thereader,ofcourse.________I________mybrotherlikeit.A.Both;and B.Neither;nor C.Either;or D.Notonly;butalso2.NotonlyIbutalsoLileiandHanMeimei________tiredofsomuchhomeworkeveryday.A.are B.is C.am D.was3.________theyoung________theoldaregettinginterestedinWeChat.Yes.WeChatisveryuseful.Peoplecanmunicatemorefreely.A.Notonly;butalsoB.Neither;nor C.Not;but D.Either;or11.Thesestarsencourageyoungpeopletoworkhardtoachievetheirdreams.这些明星激励着年轻人为实现他们的梦想而努力学习。【用法详解】（1）鼓励某人（不要）做某事（2）achieveone’sdream意为“实现某人的梦想”，相当于realizeone’sdream【易混辨析】achieve与etrueachieve及物动词，其主语通常是人sb.achievesthachieveone’sdream=one’sdreamestrueetrue不及物动词短语，其主语是事物，如dream等sth.etrue【即学即用】1.MissChen,mydearEnglishteacher,oftenencouragesmethechallengesinmystudy.A.face B.faces C.facing D.toface课堂小测一、单项选择1.Mr.Brownhasmadea_________ofthreebooksforustoreadduringtheschoolholiday.A.mapB.ruleC.list D.menu2.Sorry,butaretheseyourbiscuits?Oh,sorry.Ijusttookthem_________.Mineareunderthenewspaper.A.bymistake B.inperson C.introuble D.byhand3.Thankyouverymuchforwhatyouhavedoneforyou._________.A.Waitforamoment B.Itdoesn’tmatterC.Mypleasure D.Metoo4.Oursportsmeeting_________lastweek.Andwewonthefirstprize.Soundsgreat.Congratulations!A.happened B.tookplace C.washappenedD.wastakenplace5.________issaidthatthezipperwasinventedbyWhitbJudson.A.That B.It C.This D.Which6.SuBingtianisthewinneroftheIAAFWorldIndoorTour（国际田联室内巡回赛）.________,heisatalentedrunner.A.Withoutdoubt B.Forexample C.Onceinawhile D.Allofasudden7.Colorfulflowerseoutnow.It’swonderfulforustotheflowerseverywhereinspring.A.taste B.smell C.sound D.feel8.—Ifoundintheroom.Wherehavetheygone?—They’vegonetoDave’sbirthdayparty.A.nobody B.somebody C.anybody 9.Abreakbetweenclassesisagoodtimeforstudentstoplaysportsandtalkwiththeirclassmates.Soithelpswithstudents’health,improvedtheirsocialskills.A.either;or B.neither;nor C.notonly;butalsoD.both;and10.—Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrytheheavybag?—.’sapleasure ’rewele D.Itdoesn’tmatter11.MyteacheroftenencouragesmemoreEnglishbooksandmagazines.A.readB.readsC.toread 12.Thenumberofthevolunteers100now.Andasmallnumberofthemalreadygonetotheworkplace.A.is;have B.are;have C.is;are D.is;has13.Don’tgiveup.Ibelieveyoucanyourdreamoneday.A.lose B.warn C.achieve 14.—WillyoubuytheblueTshirt?—Yes,Iwill.ItspriceisandIcanaffordit.A.expensive B.cheap C.high 15.Hewasoncekilledinacaraccidentseveralyearsago.Apletely B.sadlyC.exactly 二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Ourschoolisplanningtosetupabandtogivethestudentsachancetoshowtheir(music)talent.2.Manyyoungpeoplelookuptothebasketball(hero)andwanttobeelikethem.3.Inmymind,theyareall(nation)heroes.4.ThomasEdison,oneofthegreatest(invent)intheworld,createdover1,000things.5.Thatkingwasoneofthe(rule)inancienthistory.将下列句子中汉语部分译成英语，注意使用适当形式Heisapersonthatpeoplecan.（钦佩）,Iheardachildcryinginthepark.（突然）GreatchangeshaveinChinasince1978.（发生）IputyourEnglishbookintomyschoolbagyesterday.（毫无疑问）Surprisingly,somescientificdiscoveriesweremade.（偶然）四、完形填空Ihaveinventedrobotswhichimprovetheworkofcars.Myloveofmakingthingsbegan(1)Iwasakid.IreallybecameexcitedaboutinventingafterIlearnedaboutThomasEdison.Onedayinfourthgrade,our(2)gaveusaprojectinclass.Wehadtowritetoapanyandlearnabouttheproducts.Ithoughtandthought.(3)IchosetheThomasEdisonpany.Soonafter,thepanysentmeabookaboutthelifeofThomasEdison.HowIenjoyedreadingandrereadingabouthis(4)!Iliketherecordedsoundandtheelectriclightmost.Theinventionswereclearlyprintedonmybrain.Mydadnoticedmyinterestininventingand(5)me.Heshowedmehowtoturnmyideasintoplansandthenintonewthings.Once,Isurprisedmydad(6)amodelplaneImade.Later,wefounda(7)modelplaneinastore.Ilearnedthatdifferentinventorsofteninventsimilarthings.Itisnotunusualforthistohappen.Ialsolearnedthatnotallgreatideas(8).Failureisamonpartoftheinventing.AsmyfatherandIworkedtogether,Ibegantorealizethatmydadwasquiteaninventorhimself.Hewasalways(9)abetterwaytodoasimplejob.Hisguidinghands,togetherwithmy(10)ininventing,ledmetobeeanengineerandaninventor.Ofcourse,IalsothankThomasEdison.Heismyhero.（）1.A.before B.after C.when （）2.A.parent B.teacher C.inventor （）3.A.Easily B.Finally C.Safely （）4.A.lights B.projects C.suggestions （）5.A.mistook B.refused C.chose （）6.A.with B.about C.into （）7.A.different B.similar C.large （）8.A.work B.fail Ce （）9.A.lookingat B.lookingfor C.lookingafter D.lookingthrough（）10.A.habit B.story C.interest 语法精讲语法精讲一般过去时的被动语态一、语法概述一般过去时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去，且主语是动作的承受者。二、一般过去时的被动语态的构成一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Eg.Themobilephonehasgreatlyinfluencedpeople’slifesinceitwasinvented.自发明以来已极大地影响了人们的生活Thesebookswerewrittenforchildren.这些书是给儿童写的。三、一般过去时的被动语态的句式肯定句主语+was/were+过去分词（+by...）否定句主语+wasn’t/weren’t+过去分词（+by...）一般疑问句及回答Was/Were+主语+过去分词（+by...）?肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答：No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+过去分词（+by...）?Eg.Theclubwassetupin2010.这个俱乐部是2010年成立的。Iwasn’ttoldtoattendthemeetingyesterday.昨天没有人告诉我去参加那个会议。—Werethetreesplantedlastyear?这些树是去年种的吗？—Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.是的，它们是。/不，它们不是。Whenwasthebridgepleted?这座桥是什么时候完工的？【即学即用】句型转换，每空一词1.HesentanemailtoMarylastnight.（改为被动语态）AnemailtoMarylastnight.2.Iwasgivenanewtoybymyauntlastweek.（改为主动语态）Myauntanewtoylastweek.3.TheseappletreeswereplantedbythestudentsinClass.1（改为一般疑问句）theseappletreesbythestudentsinClass.1?4.TheshortnovelwaswrittenbyLuXun.（对画线部分提问）theshortnovel?5.Manytreeswereplantedalongtheriverlastyear.（改为否定句）Manytreesalongtheriverlastyear.四、使用被动语态时的注意事项1.含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要忽略间接宾语的介词。Eg.WegavesomeflowerstoMissGaoonTeachers’Day.教师节那天，我们送给了高老师一些花。→SomeflowersweregiventoMissGaoonTeachers’Day(byus).2.含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要漏掉短语中的介词或副词。Eg.WehandedinourhomeworklastFriday.上周五我们上交了家庭作业。→OurhomeworkwashandedinlastFriday(byus).3.在含有使役动词make或感官动词（see,watch,notice,hear等）的主动语态的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但是改为被动语态时则要把省去的to还原。Eg.Isawhimcrosstheroadandentertheshop.我看到他穿过马路走进了商店。→Hewasseentocrosstheroadandentertheshop(byme).givesbsth=givesthtosb“给某人某物”（sb.为间接宾语，sth.为直接宾语）givesbsth=givesthtosb“给某人某物”（sb.为间接宾语，sth.为直接宾语）Eg.Mymothergavemeapencil.妈妈送给我一支铅笔。→Iwasgivenapencilbymymother.→Apencilwasgiventomebymymother.【即学即用】句型转换，每空一词’smotheroftenmakesherreadEnglishaloudathome.（改为被动语态）LucyisoftenmadeEnglishaloudathome.2.Myfatherboughtmeanewcar.（改为被动语态）Ianewcarbymyfather.Anewcarmebymyfather.语法小测一、单项选择1.—Howdeliciousthesebananasare!—Yeah.TheyherefromHainanyesterday.A.arebrought B.brought C.werebrought D.havebrought2.TheEiffelTowerbytheFrenchengineerAlexandreGustaveEiffelfortheParisExposition(巴黎博览会)of1889.A.designed B.wasdesigned C.willdesign D.willbedesigned3.TheMeituanTeaMuseum,afamousbuildinginGuizhou,intheshapeofagiantteapot.A.willbebuilt B.shouldbebuilt C.wasbuiltD.isbuilt4.—Whydidyouleavethatposition?—Iabetterpositioninanotherfactory.A.offer B.offered C.amoffered D.wasoffered5.—Perfectphotos!Goodskills!—Thankyou.TheybymyHuaweimobilephone.Infact,Iamnotskillfulatall.A.took B.weretaken C.willbetakenD.istakenbytheChineseinntheWesternHanDynasty（朝代）.A.isinvented B.invented C.wasinventedD.willbeinvented7.Kimdidn’tgotoPeter’sbirthdayparty,becausehe.A.didn’tinvite B.wasn’tinvited C.isn’tinvitedD.doesn’tinvited8.—CanIsitheretohavearest?—Sorry,youcan’t.Thepassengers(旅客)_______todothat.A.aren’tallowed B.wereallowed C.areallowed D.weren’tallowed9.Canyoutellme?A.whothemachineinventedB.whothemachineinventedbyC.whothemachinewasinventedbyD.whowasthemachineinventedby10.Manyboysandgirlsaremadewhatthey’renot.A.do;interestingB.todo;interestingC.do;interestedinD.todo;interestedin二、阅读理解AThewellknown“newgreatinventions”ofmodernChinahavemadeourdailylivesmor