天然药物化学专业英语词汇总结

专业英语词汇总结Section1生药部分中药研究现状及中药现代化一、加强中国药用植物基础研究及其与中药现代化的联系/StrengtheningbasicresearchesonChineseMedicinalPlantsanditsrelationstorealizingthemodernizationofCMM记载berecorded来源derivedfrom中医药TraditionalChineseMedicine,shortforTCM卫生事业healthcare,healthundertakings中草药Chinesetraditionalmedicinalherbs疗效reliabletherapeuticaleffectstherapeutic[,θer?'pju:t?k]adj.治疗(学)的;疗法的；对身心健康有益的副作用side-effectsl中医药的健康理念和临床医疗模式体现了现代医学的发展趋势。Thehealthconceptandclinicalpracticereflectthetrendofmodernscience新的科学技术潮流（thenewtideofscienceandtechnology）二、中药资源及其研究成果/ChineseMedicinalPlantresourcesandachievementofitsscientificresearch中药资源(medicinalplantresources)普查(surveys)专项研究(specialprojects)药用植物资源(theChinesemedicinalresources)科学鉴定(scientificidentification)化学成分(chemicalconstituents)药理实验(pharmacologicalexperiments临床适应症(clinicalapplications)研究(projects)新著作(newworks)各论(monographs)手册(manuals)《中国药典》Thepharmacopoeiaofthepeople’sRepublicofChina药典Pharmacopoeia药用植物学PharmaceuticalBotany本草学Herbology中药学TheChineseMateriaMedica药用植物分类学PharmaceuticalPlantTaxonomy植物化学Phytochemistry植物化学分类学PlantChemotaxonomy药用植物志FloraofMedicinalPlant中药药剂学traditionalChinesePharmaceutics中药炮制学ScienceofprocessingChineseCrudeDrugs中药鉴定学IdentificationofTraditionalChineseMedicine中药药理学PharmacologyofTraditionalChineseMedicines青蒿素artemisin奎宁quinine、氯奎宁chloroquine衍生物derivatives氯奎宁耐受性疟疾chloroquineresistantmalaria急性疟疾perniciousmalaria脑部疟疾cerebralmalaria显著疗效markedeffectchloroquineresistantmalaria/抗氯喹啉疟疾Pernicious（有害的）malaria/急性疟疾cerebralmalaria/脑疟疾derivatives/衍生物quinine/喹啉含有氮原子的化合物，在英文命名中多以-ine结尾Mono-/一Di-/二Tri-/三Tetra-/四Petan-/五Hexa-/六Hepta-/七Octa-/八Nona-/九Deca-/十三尖杉酯碱harringtonine、高三尖杉酯碱homoharringtonine白血病leukemia和恶性淋巴瘤malignantlymphoma银杏黄酮ginkgetin丹参酮tanshinonIIA治疗冠心病coronaryheartdiseasesNewdrugdevelopments/新药开发Healthproducts/保健品质量控制Qualitycontrol修订revise常用中药common-usedChinesemateriamedica国家标准thenationalstandards三、中药所面临的挑战/ChineseMedicinalHerbsFacingaChallenge中成药及其制剂traditionalChinesepatentmedicinesandpreparations基础研究basicresearches生产production、流通marketing研究researchIdentificationofspecies/品种鉴定鉴定和鉴别identifyingandclarifying变种varieties伪品falsematters。益胃benefitthestomach、生津promotetheproductionofbodyfluid、清热removetheexcessiveheat不同属differentgenera种species伪品fakes假货adulterationsQualitycontrolandevaluation/质量的控制和评价大量的努力intensiveeffort重金属heavymetalcontent农药残留pesticideresidueTheChinaPharmacopoeia/中国药典qualitativeandquantitativeanalysis/定性定量分析TLC/ThinLayerChromatographyHPLC/HighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyqualityspecificationandevaluation/质量规范与评价3.Themethodsofresearch/研究手段Botany/植物学Biology/生物学biotechnology/生物技术molecularbiology/分子生物学四、中药现代化的规划/ProgramsonModernizationofCMMseedqualitystandards/种子质量标准cultivationtechniquerules/栽培技术规范productionofpollution-freeandgreenmedicinalmaterials/无污染，绿色processingrulesandregulations质量标准criteria草案protocolApplymoderncomprehensivemultidisciplinarystudiesonChinesemedicinalplants/将先进应用型多学科技术应用到药用植物研究中。DNAfingerprintingandsequencing/DNA指纹谱及其基因序列advancedanalyzers/先进的分析仪器exploitasigle-itemactivecomponent/单一活性成分theintegratedandharmonizingeffectsofmanydifferentcomponentsinaplant/同一植物中多个成分的综合协调作用complexprescription/复杂的处方EstablishinformationsystemsinmodernresearchofChinesemedicinalherbs/建立现代药用植物的全息系统TomodernizaeCMMneedsmoderninformationtechnology/中药现代化需要现代信息技术activeingredients/活性物质pharmacologicalaction/药理功效traditionalandmoderntherapeuticalindication/古老和现代的适应症TERMINOLOGY细胞壁cellwall初生壁primarywall次生壁secondarywall细胞核nucleus质体plastid叶绿体chloroplast染色体chromoplast纹孔pit结晶体crystal淀粉粒starchgranule脐点hilum层纹striation单粒singlestarchgranule复粒compoundstarchgranule半复粒semi-compoundstarchgranule蛋白质protein类脂化合物lipid挥发油volatileoil精油essentialoil苷glycoside生物碱alkaloid皂苷saponin萜terpene三萜皂苷triterpenoid黄酮flavonoid醌quinone蒽醌anthraquinone酚phenol香豆素coumarin木脂素lignan鞣质tannin肽peptide酶enzyme内酯lectone有机酸organicacid单糖monosaccharide低聚糖oligosaccharide多糖polysaccharide菊糖inulin树脂resin甾醇sterol维生素vitamin抗菌素antibiotic草酸钙结晶calciumoxalatecrystal簇晶clustercrystal针晶needle组织tissue基本组织groundtissue薄壁组织parenchyma薄壁细胞parenchymatouscell表皮组织epidermaltissue表皮细胞epidermalcell气孔stoma保卫细胞guardcell副卫细胞subsidiarycell非腺毛non-glandularhai腺毛glandularhair腺鳞glandularscale周皮periderm木栓层cork木栓形成层corkcambium(phellogen)栓内层phelloderm皮层cortex皮孔lentical油管vitta油室oilcavity纤维fibre韧皮纤维phloemfibre木纤维xylemfibre晶鞘纤维crystalfibre石细胞stonecell纹孔pit纹孔道pitcanal层纹striation木化lignified导管vessel环纹导管annularvessel螺纹导管spiralvessel梯纹导管scalariformvessel网纹导管reticulatedvessel孔纹导管pittedvessel具缘纹孔导管borderedpittedvessel维管束vascularbundle外韧维管束collateralbundle形成层cambiumring主根mainroot须根fibrousroot细根rootlet块根tuberousroot中柱stele初生木质primaryxylem初生韧皮部primaryphloem髓部pith射线ray木栓形成层corkcombium次生木质secondaryxylemRadixPolygoniMultiflori(何首乌)FleeceflowerRootperennialtwiningherb多年生的缠绕草本herbaceous草质的Leavesalternate叶互生petiole：叶柄blade叶片cordate心形的ocrea托叶鞘membranous膜质的terminal:顶生axillary：腋生panicles：圆锥花序perianth：花被achene：瘦果persisting宿存的fusiform纺锥形的横断面transverseelongatedsection横切面：transversesection纵切面：longitudinalsectionlenticel-likeprotrusions：皮孔样凸起starchy：粉性的viscous：粘性的horny：角质样fracture使折断；破碎abnormalvascularbundles异形维管束brocadedpatterns云锦样花纹subroundedring类圆形的环scatteredwith散在collateraltype外韧型clustersofcalciumoxalate草酸钙簇晶starchgranules淀粉粒ammoniaTS氨试液saturatedsolutionofantimonytrichlorideinchloroform三氯化锑的氯仿饱和溶液黄芪AstragaliRadix[EnglishName]MilkvetchRootodd-pinnatelycompound：奇数羽状复叶pinnae：小叶，由拉丁语转变而来，复数stipule：托叶lanceolate：披针形的racemes：总状花序calyx：花萼campanulate：钟状的corolla：花冠standard：旗瓣wing：翼瓣keel：龙骨瓣diadelphous：二体雄蕊stalked：柄furrow:皱纹cork：木栓层exfoliate：脱落cortex：皮部reticulate：网状的tenacious：粘性的striation：纹理fissure:裂隙tenacious：粘性的striation：纹理fissure:裂隙phelloderm栓内层collenchymatouscells厚角细胞sievetubegroups筛管群parenchymatouscells薄壁细胞lignified木质化primarywalls：初生壁tassel:穗borderedpittedvessels：具缘纹孔导管referencesolution对照品溶液10%sulfuricacidinethanol10%的硫酸乙醇溶液Correspondvi.相符合,相一致；相当,相类似；通信sodiumhydroxide:NaOHhydrochloricacid:HClanhydrous:无水的甘草GlycyrrhizaeRadixetRhizoma[EnglishName]LiquoriceRootharmonize：调和mollify：缓和pubescences:软毛，绒毛，到达青春期；glandular:腺体的racemes:总状花序stamens:雄蕊calyx:花萼ovary：子房corolla:花冠style：花柱legume：荚果prickly:多刺的calcareousglasslands：钙质草原ventilated:通风的bales：大包，捆furrows：沟纹sparse：稀疏的cleft：裂隙;budscars：芽痕;pith：髓stout[staut]adj.粗壮的;结实的;坚固的；坚定的;勇敢的；(指人)肥胖的lignifiedfibres:木化纤维glycyrrhizicacid甘草酸glycyamarin甘草苦苷丹参SalviaeMiltiorrhizaeRadixetRhizomaDanshenrootvermillion：朱红色serrate：锯齿状的verticillate：轮生angled：棱pseudo-：假的retuse:浅凹形falcate:钩状的filament:花丝style：花柱anther：花粉囊gynobasic:着生于基部的racemes总状花絮apex顶端fragile:脆的astringent:收敛性的dissolvedonmountinginchloralhydratesolutionferricchloride:三氯化铁TS：testsolutiondull:暗的astopperedtesttube:具塞试管standfor：静置residue:残渣referencedrug:对照药材CRS：ChemicalReferenceStandardusingsilicagelGasthecoatingsubstanceandamixtureofbenzene-ethylacetate(19:1)asthemobilephase用硅胶G作为固定相，苯-乙酸乙酯的混合溶液（19：1）作为展开剂甲苯（toluene）clearheart-fireandremoverestlessness.养心安神usingsilicagelGasthecoatingsubstanceandamixtureofbenzene-ethylacetate(19:1)asthemobilephase用硅胶G作为固定相，苯-乙酸乙酯的混合溶液（19：1）作为展开剂六味地黄丸Liuweidihuangwanpulverize:研磨sift：评审，过筛makepills:泛丸cleft：裂缝hyphae：菌丝epidermal:表皮的pericarp:果皮beadedanticlinalwalls:垂周壁连珠状增厚kieselguhr:硅藻土triturate:研匀paeonol:丹皮酚cyclohexane:环己烷ferricchloride：三氯化铁hydrochloricacid：盐酸distil:蒸馏volumetricflask:容量瓶spectrophotometry:分光光度法disintegrate/溶解；grind/成粉末；Soxhelt’sextractor/索氏提取器macerate：浸软decant：倒出absoluteethanol：无水乙醇ursolicacid:熊果酸formicacid:甲酸integrationvalues:吸光度值Thebluish-brownspotinthechromatogramobtainedwiththetestsolutioncorrespondsinpositionandcolourtothespotinthechromatogramobtainedwiththereferencesolution.供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，日光下显相同的棕褐色斑点usingsilicagelGasthecoatingsubstanceandamixtureofcyclohexane-chloroform-ethylacetate-formicacid(20:5:8:0.1)asthemobilephase分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以溶液为展开剂10%solutionofsulfuricacidinethanol.Heatat105℃for5～7minutestothespotsclear10%的硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热5~7分钟至斑点显色清晰。thinlayerchromatographicscanningmethodSection2天然药化部分PaperChromatography(PC)chromatographyn.色谱法，层析法chromatographicadj.色谱法的，色谱仪的chromatogramn.色谱，色谱图（谱）chromatographn.色谱仪v.用色谱法分析partitioncoefficientn.分配系数retardationfactor:Rfvaluen.比移值fluorescencen.荧光dissociationn.离解parameter（n)(限定性的)因素,特性,界限；〈物〉〈数〉参量,参数separation：分离、分析filterpaper：滤纸medium：介质、媒介；培养基、媒介物reproducibility：可重现性，再生性Rfvalue:比移值retardationfactor(Rf)compound:化合物constituent成分、构成component成分、组成的、构成的anthocyanins：花色素苷，花青苷pigments：色素、颜料、染料partition:n.分割，分配v.分割，分裂，划分partitionchromatography分配色谱adsorptionchromatography吸附色谱water-immiscible水不溶性的alcoholic醇的，乙醇的，酒精的alcoholn.酒精，乙醇solventn.溶剂n-butanoln.正丁醇n:normal正（链）的iso:isotropic异,各向同性的,同t:tertiary特,叔,第三isopropanoln.异丙醇t-butanol叔丁醇BAW：n-butanol-aceticacid-water4:1:5(上层)正丁醇-醋酸-水aqueous:水的，水溶性的versatile：通用的,万能的,多用途的,多方面的purines：嘌呤pyrimidines：嘧啶phenolic：酚性的glycoside：苷，配糖物['glaik?said]glycose单糖glycosidase糖苷酶['glaik?usideis]glycosidation糖苷化glycosyl糖基['glaik?sil]horizontalPC：水平纸色谱circularPC：环形纸色谱TLC：ThinLayerChromatography薄层色谱resolution：分辨率carotenoids：类胡萝卜素，类叶红素descendingPC:下行纸色谱法descendingdevelopment下行展开法ascendingdevelopment上行法two-dimensionaldevelopment二维分离over-run：过度展开cellulose：纤维素silicicacid：硅酸silicagel:硅胶silicon:硅siliconeoil：硅油alumina：[?'lju:min?]氧化铝，矾土lipids：脂，类脂paraffin：石蜡油，煤油['p?r?fin]reversed-phasechromatography：反相色谱milligram：毫deci(分)dm,centi(厘)cm,milli(毫)mm,mg,mlmicro(微)μm,μg,μlnano(纳)nm,ngUV-fluorescent：紫外荧光UV:ultraviolet紫外fluorescent:荧光chromogenicreagent:显色剂chromogenic发色的发色体的diffusion：扩散developthecolors：显色developingagent(solvent)/tank/time展开溶剂/缸/时间developmentagent/rate/system/solution展开溶剂/速度/系统/液solventfront：溶剂前沿origin：原点fraction：分数；部分，馏份structurallyrelated:结构相关性的1.2薄层色谱ThinLayerChromatography(TLC)TLC：thinlayerchromatography薄层色谱sensitivity：n.灵敏度adsorbent：吸附剂（物质）a.能吸附的adsorption：n.吸附（作用）silicagel：硅胶celite：n.硅藻土ionexchangeresin：离子交换树脂polyamide：聚酰胺Sephadex：葡聚糖凝胶polyvinylpyrrolidone：聚乙烯吡咯烷酮polyvinyl：n.a.聚乙烯基化合物（的）pyrrolidone：吡咯烷酮aluminium铝calcium钙calciumhydroxide:氢氧化钙calciumchloride：氯化钙calciumoxide:氧化钙calciumphosphate：磷酸钙calciumsulphate：硫酸钙magnesium镁sodium钠spreadingglassplates:铺板automaticspreadingdevices：自动铺板器acetone：丙酮petroleumether：石油醚ether：乙醚chloroform：氯仿ethylacetate:乙酸乙酯methanol：甲醇ethanol：乙醇butanol：正丁醇grease：n.油脂（状物）slurry：n.浆，泥浆hemihydrate：半水合物airdried：a.风干的，晾干的activated：a.活化的，活性的，激活的inorganicsalt：无机盐inorganic：a.无机的，无生物的organic:a.有机的，有机体的inorganicacid/chemistry无机酸/无机化学organicacid/solvent/chemistry有机酸/有机溶剂/有机化学silvernitrate硝酸银nitrate硝酸根precoatedplates：预制板aluminiumsheets：铝片fluorescentindicator:荧光指示剂quenchthefluorescence：荧光淬灭wavelength：波长microparticlesofsilica：硅胶微粒HPLC：highperformanceliquidchromatography高效液相色谱HPTLC：highperformancethinlayerchromatography高效薄层色谱solventsystem：溶剂系统referencecompounds：参照（对照）化合物paper-lined：衬上滤纸saturated：a.饱和的HorizontalTLC：水平薄层色谱over-run：过度展开electrophoresis：电泳byspraying:喷雾，喷洗conc.H2SO4：浓硫酸sulphuricacid:硫酸nitricacid：硝酸hydrochloricacid：盐酸detectionreagent：检测试剂steroids：甾体，甾族类化合物steroidal:a.甾族的sterol:n.甾醇，固醇preparativeTLC:制备薄层色谱adsorbent：n.吸附剂eluting：洗脱elute:v.洗脱（提），流出elution:n.洗脱，流出，淋洗bufferelution缓冲洗脱gradientelution梯度洗脱isocraticelution等度(无梯度)洗脱eluant:n.洗脱（提）液，展开剂eluate:n.洗脱液，提取液（物）centrifuging：离心(centrifuge)1.3高效液相色谱HighPerformanceLiquidChromatography(HPLC)GLC：气相色谱Gasliquidchromatographysensitivity:灵敏度、灵敏性quantitative:定量的qualitative:定性的linearityandlimitofdetection(LOD)线性和检测限precision（精密度）reproducibility（重复性）recovery（加样回收率）stability（稳定性）bond:键，结合bonded：键合的，化合的stationaryphase:固定相C18orODS;C8;silicagel;Sephadex;ionexchangeresin;octadecylsilylsilicagelmobilephase：流动相misciblesolventmixture:可互溶的混合溶剂methanol,acetonitrile(乙腈)distilledwateraceticacidphosphoricacid(磷酸)buffersalt(缓冲盐)polymer：聚合物polymerase聚合酶hydrolase水解酶polymerization聚合作用decomposition分解作用isocraticelution:等度洗脱gradientelution:梯度洗脱elute:洗脱,流出,流出物eluting:洗脱,流出elution:洗脱,流出elutiontime/volume/program/systemdetector：检测器UVD:ultraviolet-visibledetector(紫外可见吸收检测器)PDAD:photodiodearraydetector(光电二极管阵列检测器)RID:refractiveindexdetector(示差折光检测器）FD:fluorescencedetector(荧光检测器)ECD:electrochemicaldetector(电化学检测器)ELSD:evaporativelight-scatteringdetector(蒸发光散射检测器）atambienttemperature常温，室温，环境温度besubjectedto:使遭受，使属于，可能thermalre-arrangement：热重排thermostaticallycontrolledjacket：温度控制护套coated:被包裹的，覆盖的precoated:预制的poisoning：污染，毒害impurities:杂质，不纯物purify：纯化，精练putification:精制,纯化plantextracts:植物提取物extract:v.提取，萃取，抽提n.提取液，萃取液，浸膏extractant：提取剂，萃取剂extraction：提取(法)，萃取(法)extractive：n.提取物,浸出物,浸出制剂a.抽提的,浸出的non-volatile：非挥发性的spectrum：n.光谱，波谱，谱refractiveindexdetector：示差折光检测器terpenoids：萜类化合物terpene:萜，萜烯terpane：萜烷alkaloids：生物碱carbohydrates：碳水化合物flavonoids：黄酮类化合物coumarins:香豆素quinone:醌-----benzoquinone苯醌naphthoquinone萘醌anthraquinone蒽醌steroids:甾体类化合物lignanoid：木脂素prepackedcolumns：预填充柱-----prepacked：预先装入的silicamicroporousparticlecolumn：硅胶微孔粒柱non-polarcompounds：非极性化合物polarcompounds：极性化合物ultrapure：超纯------ultra：超，过，越，极端，异常degas：脱气chromatographictechnique:色谱技术phytochemist’s：植物化学家的;phytochemistry:植物化学armoury：装备，武器库，军械库quantitative:定量的separationsonapreparativescale：制备分离Spectralidentification光谱鉴定1，Ultraviolet-Visible(UV-VIS)spectroscopy紫外-可见吸收光谱Electromagneticspectrum电磁波Infrared红外Visiblelight可见光Wavenumber波数Proportionaltoenergy与能量成正比Violetlight紫外线Conjugateddiene共轭二烯Absorptionmaxima最大吸收峰Absorptionpeak吸收峰AbsorbanceA吸收值AItsconcentrationinsolution溶液浓度Molarabsorptivity摩尔吸收系数Literaturereference参考文献Thestructuralinformation结构信息2，infraredspectroscopy红外光谱Nmrspectroscopy核磁共振光谱Spectroscopicmethods光谱（仪器）方法Functionalgroup官能团Electromagneticspectrum电磁波光谱Microwaves微波Reciprocalcentimeters厘米的倒数Beinverselyproportionalto与。。。。。。成反比Electromagneticradiation电磁波辐射Vibrationalenergystates振动能级状态Photon光子Methylene亚甲基Fingerprints指纹Hexane己烷Carbon-hydrogenstretchingvibrations碳-氢伸缩振动Sodiumchloride氯化钠Vibrationccharacteristic振动特征Patternofpeaks峰形Frequencies频率3，massspectroscopy质谱Molecule分子Bombardedwithhigh-energyelectrons高能电子轰击Electron-volts电子伏特Collidewith与。。。。。碰撞Dislodge转移；电离Ionized使离子化Electronimpact电子轰击Positivelycharged带正电Oddnumberofelectrons奇数电子Cationradica正离子lImpart传递Dissipate消耗Neutralfragment中性碎片Fragmentation分裂Ionizationandfragmentation电离和裂解Electron-impactmassspectrometer电子轰击质谱分光仪Schematic示意图Molecularion分子离子Magnet磁铁Originaltrajectory起始轨道Mass/charge质/荷比Magneticfieldstrength磁场强度Beinterfacedwith连用，连接Bargraph棒图Relativeintensity相对丰度Benzene苯4，protonnuclearmagneticresonance(1H-NMR)1H核磁共振谱Coincidewith与。。。。。。。相一致Downfield低场Thesignalduetotheproton氢信号Chemicalshifts化学位移Chemicalshiftfortheprotoninchloroform氯仿中氢的化学位移Nuclearspin核自旋Irrespectiveof不考虑5，常见有机化合物结构类型Acetaldehyde乙醛Aceticacid乙酸Aceticanhydride乙酸酐Acetone丙酮Acetonitrile乙腈Acetylchloride乙酰氯Acidanhydrides酸酐Acylhalides酰卤化合物Alcohols醇类Aldehydes醛类Alkanes烷烃Alkenes烯烃Alkenylhalides卤代烯烃Alkylhalides卤代烷Alkynes炔烃Amides酰胺类Amines胺类Arenes芳香烃Arylhalides卤代炔烃Benzene苯Carboxylicacids羧酸类Chlorobenzene氯苯Chloroethane氯乙烷Chloroethene氯乙烯Dienes二烯烃Diethylether乙醚Epoxides环氧化合物Epoxyethane环氧乙烷Ester酯类Ethane乙烯Ethers醚类Ethyne乙炔Ketones酮类Nitriles腈类Nitrocompounds硝基化合物Nitrobenzene硝基苯Phenol苯酚Phenols酚类6，Appendix3.4AlkaloidsfromOriciopsisglaberrimaEngl.(Rutaceae)stem茎干bark树皮roomtemperature室温agar琼脂chromatographic色谱法的methyl甲基methylene亚甲基methine次甲基carbonyls羰基vibration振动，摆动hydroxyl羟基methine次甲基carbonyl羰基alkaloid生物碱skeleton骨架trisubstituted三取代的benzenering苯环hydroxyl羟基hydroxyl，dimethyl，chroman色原酮units骨架，片段lowfield低场deshieldedby去屏蔽phenolichydroxyl酚羟基chromatographic结晶，晶体reacted起反应phenolic酚的hydroxyl羟基acridone吖啶酮skeleton骨架chelated螯合的hydroxyl羟基protons质子resonances共振aromatic芬芳的substituted取代的，代替的pyranring吡喃环cross-peaks相关峰（此词易错翻译成交叉峰）Angular角的acridone吖啶酮hydroxylsignal羟基信号correlations相关性dihydro二氢的Nitrogen氮medicinalplant药用植物Infections传染病Hypotension血压过低Dermatitis皮炎Phytochemical植物化学的Furoquinoline呋喃喹啉Alkaloid生物碱Elucidation说明，阐明Antimicrobial抗菌的optical光学的rotations旋转polarimeter旋光计偏振器spectrometer分光计HRMS高分辨质谱仪fraction部分eluted洗脱silicagelcolumn硅胶柱hexane–EtOAc正己烷-乙酸乙酯Bacteria细菌Fungi真菌fungi培养皿algae藻类，海藻roomtemperature室温diameter直径Section3药典相关内容一、药材来源1.植(动)物来源的药材的来源部分的一般译法为:药材英文名称isthe药用部位(名词单数)of植(动)物拉丁学名[属名和种(变种)加词为斜体字](科名).例：PummeloPeelisthedriedunripeoralmostripeexocarpofCitrusgrandis“Tomentosa”orCitrusgrandis(L.)Osbeck(Fam.Rutaceae).本品为芸香科植物化州柚Citrusgrandi“Tomentosa”或柚Citrusgrandis(L.)Osbeck的未成熟或近成熟的干燥外层果皮。2.药材的采收与产地加工部分的一般译法为:用Thedrug作主语，单数。用被动语态，不用主动语态。“采收”用“tobecollected”(不用“tobepicked”，“tobedugup”等)。“除去杂质”等(名词单数)用“removedfromforeignmatter”,“洗净”用“washedclean”,“干燥”用“dried”，“晒干”为“driedinthesun”，“阴干”为“driedintheshade”,“低温干燥”为“driedatalowertemperature”。“栽培变种”为“cultivar”。“泥砂”为“soil”。“须根.细根”：“fibrousroot”用于单子叶植物、根茎上的不定根，“rootlet”用于双子叶植物主根上的细小侧根、支根。例1Thedrugiscollectedinautumn,removedfromforeignmatter,washedclean,anddriedinthesun.例2Thedrugiscollectedatfloweringtofruitingstage,removedfromthickstem,cutintosection,anddried.(注:中国药典2005年版一部英文版药用部位采用名词单数,如stem,leaf,fibrousroot,rootlet等).二、理化鉴别1.化学鉴别Shake0.5gofthepowderwith5mlofethanolfor5minutesandfilter.Evaporatethefiltratetodryness,adddropwiseantimonytrichloridesaturationsolutioninchloroformandevaporateagaintodryness.Aviolet-redcolourisproduced.取本品粉末0.5g，加乙醇5ml，振摇5分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，滴加三氯化锑饱和的三氯甲烷溶液，再蒸干，即显紫红色。2.薄层鉴别（1）经常用到需统一的词汇和短语：a.超声处理用ultrasonicateb.提取用extractc.温浸用warmmacerated.水浴加热用heatonawaterbathe.对照品（对照品溶液）用“对照品名”加“CRS”表示（referencesolution）;对照药材（对照药材溶液）用referencedrug（referencedrugsolution）;供试品溶液用testsolutionf.薄层板:硅胶G薄层板...usingsilicagelGasthecoatingsubstance用1%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板...usingsilicagelGmixedwith1%solutionofsodiumhydroxideasthecoatingsubstance含4%醋酸钠的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液为黏合剂的硅胶G薄层板上...usingsilicagelGmixedwithsodiumcarboxymethylcellulosecontaining4%solutionofsodiumacetateasthecoatingsubstance.g.斑点用spot(s)，条斑用band(s)h.分别置日光及紫外光灯(365nm)下检视，日光下显…色的斑点；紫外光灯下显…色的斑点用…spotindaylightand…spotunderultravioletlightat365nmrespectively.(2)薄层鉴别基本的四个步骤，即供试品溶液制备；对照品溶液制备；点样、展开、显色；结果判断。a.供试品溶液制备常见以下几种情况：超声处理提取To9g,cutintopieces,add20mlofether,ultrasonicatefor20minutes,andfilter.Evaporatethefiltratetodryness,anddissolvetheresiduein0.5mlofn-hexaneasthetestsolution.取本品9g，切碎，加乙醚20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加0.5ml正己烷溶解，作为供试品溶液。（艾附暖宫丸）加热回流提取Heatunderreflux2g,cutintopieces,with20mlofethanolfor1hour,coolandfilter,usethefiltrateasthetestsolution.取本品2g，剪碎，加乙醇20ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。萃取、过柱纯化Extractthefiltratewithtwo15-mlquantitiesofn-butanolsaturatedwithwater,combinethen-butanolextracts,andevaporatetodryness.Dissolvetheresiduein1mlofdehydratedethanol,addaquantityofalumina,stirwellonawaterbath,dry,andapplytoasmall(10-15mmindiameter)或SepackC18columnpackedwithneutralalumina(200mesh,1g,10~15mmindiameter),pre-elutewith30mlofamixtureofethylacetateandmethanol(3:1).Elutewith30mlofamixtureofethylacetateandmethanol(1:1),andcollecttheeluate.Evaporatetodrynessanddissolvetheresiduein0.5mlofethanolasthetestsolution.滤液用水饱和的正丁醇提取二次，合并正丁醇提取液，蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇1ml使溶解，加适量氧化铝在水浴上拌匀，干燥，装入一预先装填好的中性氧化铝小柱（200目，1g，内径10-15mm）或C18小柱上，用乙酸乙酯-甲醇（3：1）30ml预洗，再用乙酸乙酯-甲醇（1：1）30ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，残渣加乙醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。浸渍、水解Macerate0.5gofthepillsin20mlofmethanolfor1hour,andfilter.Evaporate5mlofthefiltratetodryness,dissolvetheresiduein10mlofwater,add1mlofhydrochloricacid,heatonawaterbathfor30minutes,andcoolimmediately.取本品0.5g，加甲醇20ml浸泡1小时，滤过。取5ml滤液蒸干，残渣加10ml水溶解，加1ml盐酸，水浴加热30分钟，立即冷却。b.对照品（对照药材）溶液的制备化学对照品作对照DissolvechlorogenicacidCRSinmethanoltoproduceasolutioncontaining1mgpermlasthereferencesolution.取绿原酸对照品，加甲醇溶解制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。多个化学对照品混合对照DissolveginsenosidesRb1,ReandRg1CRSinmethanoltoproduceamixturecontaining2mgofeachpermlasthereferencesolution.对照药材作对照Prepareasolutionof0.5gofRheiRadixetRhizomareferencedrugand20mlofmethanolinthesamemannerasthereferencedrugsolution.另取大黄对照药材0.5g，加甲醇20ml，同法制成对照药材溶液。c.点样、展开、显色、检视点样、展开Carryoutthemethodforthinlayerchromatography（AppendixVIB），usingsilicagelGasthecoatingsubstanceandtheupperlayerofamixtureofbutylacetate,formicacidandwater(7:2.5:2.5)asthemobilephase.Applyseparately10μlofthetestsolutionand2μlofthereferencesolutiontotheplate.照薄层色谱法（附录ⅥB）试验，吸取供试品溶液10μl，对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以醋酸丁酯-甲酸-水(7:2.5:2.5)为展开剂，展开，.......。显色、检视Spraywith5%sulfuricacidinethanolandheattothespotclear.Examineunderultravioletlightat365nm.以5%硫酸乙醇溶液显色，热风加热至斑点显色清晰。置紫外光灯(365nm)下检视。d.结果判断Thefluorescentspotsinthechroma