2020年煤炭科学总院考博英语真题及答案

内容为网上收集整理，如涉及侵权请联系删除内容为网上收集整理，如涉及侵权请联系删除内容为网上收集整理，如涉及侵权请联系删除2020年煤炭科学总院考博英语真题及答案一、CloseDuringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga

“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I【A1】_____theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,after

all,whodoesn'twantto【A2】_____afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,

evenifIweren't【A3】_____enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour【A4】_____wasappealingenoughtome.He

wasaninternationalgrandmaster,which【A5】_____Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's【A6】_____.Icould

hardlywaitto【A7】_____him.

MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis【A8】_____wasnogame

forhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit【A9】_____thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.

Inorderto【A10】_____theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto【A11】_____what

wewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand【A1】_____toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat【A13】_____andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe【A14】_____.

TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe【A15】_____me:“theabsolute

mostimportant【A16】_____thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood【A17】_____.

Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto【A18】_____asituation,processwhatyouropponentisdoingand【A19】_____the

bestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy【A20】_____asajournalist.

1、【A1】______

A、putforward

B、jumpedat

C、triedout

D、turneddown

答案:B2、【A2】______

A、waste

B、earn

C、save

D、pay

答案:C3、【A3】______

A、excited

B、worried

C、moved

D、tired答案:A4、【A4】______

A、title

B、competitor

C、textbook

D、instructor

答案:D5、【A5】______

A、urged

B、demanded

C、held

D、meant

答案:D6、【A6】______

A、fastest

B、easiest

C、best

D、rarest

答案:C7、【A7】______

A、interview

B、meet

C、challenge

D、beat

答案:B8、【A8】______

A、chance

B、qualification

C、honor

D、job

答案:D9、【A9】______

A、real

B、perfect

C、clear

D、possible

答案:C10、【A10】______

A、attend

B、pass

C、skip

D、observe

答案:B11、【A11】______

A、add

B、expose

C、apply

D、compare

答案:C12、【A12】______

A、eventually

B、naturally

C、directly

D、normally

答案:A13、【A13】______

A、game

B、presentation

C、course

D、experiment

答案:C14、【A14】______

A、criterion

B、classroom

C、department

D、situation

答案:B15、【A15】______

A、taught

B、wrote

C、questioned

D、promised

答案:A16、【A16】______

A、fact

B、step

C、manner

D、skill

答案:D17、【A17】______

A、grades

B、decisions

C、impressions

D、comments

答案:B18、【A18】______

A、analyze

B、describe

C、rebuild

D、control

答案:A19、【A19】______

A、announce

B、signal

C、block

D、evaluate

答案:B20、【A20】______

A、role

B、desire

C、concern

D、behavior答案:A二、阅读(总题数:4,分数:20.0分)

Justasthereareteacherswhosimplygothroughthemotionsanddragusthroughthematerialin

ordertocompletearequiredcourse,therearecompaniesandjobsandbossesthatdothesame.That

doesn'tmeanyouhavetolivewithit.Avoidthosefear-runworkplaces.Quitthosejobs.Askyour

friendsaboutwheretheywork,oraboutcompaniesthey'vereadaboutorheardaboutwherepassion,

excitement,andhumanenergyarevaluedaboveallelse.Inthoseplaces,youwillfindthatfearisnot

primarymotivatorforgettingtoresults.

AlthoughI'vefoundthatmostorganizationsdonotfocusontheirculture,therearealsoasignificant

numberofcompanieswhoarequiteclearaboutwhattheyaretryingtoachieve.Thosecompanies

haveamissionandapurposeinwhattheydo.Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednoton

themselves,butonthosetheyserve.Theyareworkingonsomethingmuchbiggerthanthemselves.I

learnedtolovemyjobbyconnectingittojoy:joyforourcustomers,joyfortheendusersofour

products,joyformyteam,andpersonaljoyinwhatweweredoing.

Manybelievethiskindofmissionfocuscanonlyoccurinthenon-profitworld.Thiscouldn'tbe

furtherfromthetruth.Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeand

small.Theyarestillrare,though,soitwon'tnecessarilybeeasytofindthem,butitisworthyour

timetopursuethissearch.SomeofyouwillbeinclinedtodowhatIultimatelydidandstartyour

ownfirm,withitsownmissionandpurpose.Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyet

selfishpursuit:IwantedtocreateacompanythatIloved.Icreatedmyownfulfillingjob,butit

wouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.

Tolearntoloveyourjob,it'simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.

Learningproducesjoy,regardlessoftheindustryyou'rein.Becomeastudentagain.Readbooks,

studyorganizations,andstretchyourselftotrynewthings.Ifyouareinatechnicalorasupportrole,

volunteerforsalessupportassignmentsandwatchhowyourcompanyinteractswithitscustomers.

Signupfortradeshowboothdutyandlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslike

yours.Learntopresentinfrontofothers.Signuptospeakatconferences,andthengolistentoother

speakers.Findtheideas,thepeopleandthecompaniesthatinspireyou.

21、Theauthor'spurposeinusingteachersasanexampleisto______.

A、emphasizethevalueofcommitment

B、showconcernforbadworkperformance

C、pointouttheimportanceofjobtraining

D、argueagainstfear-runworkplaces

答案:D22、Theauthorfavorscompaniesthat______.

A、arebigandambitious

B、arecustomer-oriented

C、motivateemployeeswithrewards

D、focusontheirself-image

答案:B23、By“Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth”(Line1,Para.3),theauthormeanshethinks______.

A、thenon-profitworldhashiddenrules

B、amissiontellstruthaboutacompany

C、thestatementisabsolutelyfalse

D、acompanytrulygoesafterprofits

答案:C24、Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor'sjoyforhisjob?

A、Itdependslargelyonhisfreewillandselfishpursuit.

B、Itcomesfromthesatisfactionofpeopleinhiscompany.

C、Itenableshimtoinspirepeopleworkingaroundhim.

D、Itisbasedonhisownfirmbeliefinhisbusinessskills.

答案:B25、Whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeattheendofthepassage?

A、Seizeopportunitiestolearnonthejob.

B、Playavarietyofrolestobesuccessful.

C、Keepagoodrelationshipwithcustomers.

D、Seekotherfirmsthatneedyourskills.答案:A

Haveyouwinterizedyourhorseyet?Eventhoughglobalwarmingmayhavemadeourclimate

milder,manyanimalsarestillhibernating.It'stoobadthathumanscan'thibernate.Infact,asa

species,wealmostdid.

Apparently,attimesinthepast,peasantsinFrancelikedasemi-stateofhumanhibernation.So

writesGrahamRobb,aBritishscholarwhohasstudiedthesleepinghabitsoftheFrenchpeasants.As

soonastheweatherturnedcoldpeoplealloverFranceshutthemselvesawayandpracticedthe

forgottenartofdoingnothingatallformonthsonend.

Inlinewiththis,JeffWarren,aproduceratCBCRadio'sTheCurrent,tellsusthatthewaywesleep

haschangedfundamentallysincetheinventionofartificiallightingandtheelectricbulb.

WhenhistoriansbeganstudyingtextsoftheMiddleAges,theynoticedsomethingreferredtoas

“firstsleep”,whichwasnotclarified,though.Nowscientistsaretellingusourancestorsmostlikely

sleptinseparateperiods.Thebusinessofeighthours'uninterruptedsleepisamoderninvention.

Inthepast,withouttheartificiallightofthecitytobathein,humanswenttosleepwhenitbecame

darkandthenwokethemselvesaroundmidnight.Thelatenightperiodwasknownas“TheWatch”.

Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimals,althoughmanyofthemsimplymoved

aroundorvisitedfamilyandneighbors.

Accordingtosomesleepresearchers,ashortperiodofinsomniaatmidnightisnotadisorder.Itis

normal.Humanscanexperienceanotherstateofconsciousnessaroundtheirsleeping,whichoccurs

inthebriefperiodbeforewefallasleeporwakeourselvesinthemorning.Thisperiodcanbean

extraordinarilycreativetimeforsomepeople.Theimpressiveinventor,ThomasEdison,usedthis

statetohituponmanyofhisnewideas.

Playingwithyoursleeprhythmscanbeadventurous,asanxietymaysetin.Medicalsciencedoesn't

helpmuchinthiscase.Itoffersusmedicinesforafullnight'scontinuoussleep,whichsoundsnatural;

however,accordingtoWarren'stheory,itisreallytheoppositeofwhatweneed.

26、TheexampleoftheFrenchpeasantsshowsthefactthat______.

A、peoplemightbecomelazyasaresultoftoomuchsleep

B、thereweresignsofhibernationinhumansleepinghabits

C、peopletendedtosleepmorepeacefullyincoldweather

D、winterwasaseasonforpeopletosleepformonthsonend

答案:B27、Thelatenightwascalled“TheWatch”becauseitwasatimeforpeople______.

A、tosettrapstocatchanimals

B、towakeuptheirfamilyandneighbors

C、toremindothersofthetime

D、toguardagainstpossibledangers

答案:D28、ThomasEdisoniscitedtoshow______.

A、insomniaisharmfultopeople

B、humanbeingcannotovercomeinsomnia

C、ashortperiodofconsciousnessduringsleepingisnormalforhumanbeing

D、greatscientistsmustsleeplesstomakegreatinventions答案:C29、Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodo?

A、Sleepinthewayanimalsdo.

B、Consultadoctoriftheycan'tsleep.

C、Followtheirnaturalsleeprhythm.

D、Keeptotheeight-hoursleeppattern.

答案:C30、Whatismostpossiblythesourceofthisarticle?

A、scientificjournals

B、historybooks

C、sciencefictions

D、fairytales答案:A

Withallthewars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,it'snotonlynecessary,butalso

essentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.

Puttingasmileonsomeone'sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdowninthedumps,asthesaying

goes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.

Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-worker,

neighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?I

amalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon'tknowthepersonI'mjoking

aroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjob

anyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesyto

speaktoothersthatarearoundyou.

Iknowofafewpeoplethatdon'thaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheysay.Everyonearound

themcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithoutthe

slightestsmileontheirface.Theydon'tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.Iambustingagutwhile

theyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace.Howcanpeoplenotgetareallyfunny

joke?

Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfind

ourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoing

crazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofinda

waytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineisto

gettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.

31、Accordingtotheauthor,humorisusefulintheaspectthat______.

A、itmakespeoplemoreconfident

B、itcanpickuppeople'sspirits

C、itcanhelpgetridofthecrueltyintheworld

D、itcanhelppeoplegetonwellwithothers

答案:B32、TheauthoranswersthequestioninParagraph2with______.

A、factsanddescriptions

B、evidenceandargument

C、examplesandconclusion

D、storiesandpersuasion

答案:C33、Thephrase“bustingagut”inParagraph3canbereplacedby______.

A、explainingcarefully

B、speakingloud

C、keepingsilent

D、laughinghard

答案:D34、Whichisnotmentionedasafunctionhumorplaysinlife?

A、Humorcanreducestress.

B、Humorhelpstolandajoboffer.

C、Humorcandrivesadnessaway.

D、Humorcanmakeyourfamilyhappy.

答案:B35、Inwritingthepassage,theauthormainlyintendsto______.

A、talkabouthisownunderstandingofhumor

B、encouragepeopletobehumorousindailylife

C、introduceapracticalwaytogetthroughdailylife

D、convincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimisticaboutlife答案:B

PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportant

truthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindof

organization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetition

thanotherinstitutionsinsociety.Sincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressand

prosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnot

onlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,

equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.

Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.

Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompeting

businesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'

dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisa

monopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveof

freedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusiness

leadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportantas,orevenmore

importantthan,democracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheideaofequalityofopportunity.

Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessof

hisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmerican

alternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpression

oftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

36、Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans“______”.

A、ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce

B、BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment

C、BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D、Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

答案:C37、Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly______.

A、whengivenequalityofopportunity

B、throughdoingbusiness

C、byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D、bywayofcompetition

答案:D38、Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

A、Honestbusinessmen

B、Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers

C、Peoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedom

D、Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment

答案:B39、Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby______.

A、itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B、itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedom

C、itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D、itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership

答案:A40、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves______.

A、Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B、inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C、Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountries

D、businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica答案:B三、语法(总题数:20,分数:20.0分)41、​Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand________

question:Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

A、compelling

B、component

C、competent

D、compulsive答案:A42、Whenitworks,itcanbefantastic,butcanveryeasily________

intoanightmareofthemostseriousproportions.

A、backwash

B、backdate

C、backlash

D、backfire答案:D43、Alcoholscanalso________

judgmenttotheextentthatyoumaynotmakethebestorbrightestdecisionsinacoldweatheremergency.

A、impart

B、impact

C、impair

D、impose答案:B44、Putbothvegetablesintoabowland________

withapotatomasher.

A、crash

B、crush

C、clash

D、crack答案:B45、Afewmonthsofgrooming,mentorsandfounderscanthen________

hundredsofpeopletowatchtheircompany'sofficialintroductiontosociety.

A、summon

B、unite

C、gather

D、assemble答案:A46、Thiswillallowourcitizenstobuildconnectionswithpeoplesoverseasandtodevelopskillsandcontactsthatwillhelpthem________

intheglobaleconomy.

A、survive

B、strive

C、thrive

D、stride答案:A47、Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand________

peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.

A、rough

B、plastic

C、harsh

D、resilient答案:D48、Thereisariskthat________

chemicalsmightbeblastedintotheatmosphere.

A、destructive

B、toxic

C、evil

D、vicious答案:A49、Asnoted,amongthosewhowerecognitivelynormalatthestartofthestudy,________

alcoholdrinkersappearedtobeprotectedagainstdementia.

A、moderate

B、minimum

C、medium

D、middle答案:A50、Howcometheyhavethefreedomtodisruptand________

thetorchrelay,whereasOlympic-lovingpeoplehavenotthefreedomtowelcomethetorch?

A、destruct

B、destroy

C、sabotage

D、damage答案:C51、Thediscussionquickly________

intoanangryargument.

A、deteriorated

B、aggravated

C、increase

D、declined答案:A52、Someparents________

educationwithexamsuccess.

A、equal

B、equate

C、equalize

D、equality答案:B53、I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit________.

A、decreases

B、contracts

C、constringes

D、shrinks答案:D54、Thenewpolicieswill________

ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.

A、hide

B、hinder

C、hint

D、hind答案:B55、Holdersofdeferredshareshavenorightstovoteatgeneralmeetingsorreceiveany________.

A、divisive

B、divide

C、dividend

D、division答案:C56、The________

fortravellingwithoutaticketis£200.

A、penal

B、panel

C、panelize

D、penalty答案:D57、Alltheevidence________

thathestolethemoney.

A、recommends

B、proposes

C、suggests

D、advises答案:C58、Thelawcan________

fatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.

A、compel

B、comply

C、complain

D、combine答案:A59、Apieceofglasswasembedded________

herhand.

A、with

B、within

C、in

D、inside答案:C60、Soilonthemountainslopesisverysusceptible________

erosion.

A、of

B、to

C、with

D、by答案:B四、翻译61、SectionATranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.SpaceXwillsendaspacesuit-cladcrashtestdummytotheInternationalSpaceStationaspartofa

tri