法律英语资料

法律英语

LegalEnglishUnitOne

LawinGeneralI.SuggestedTeachingPlanObjectives:

Studentswillbeableto:1.Understandthemainidea:Courts;Crime;Judge;Jury;Lawyer;JusticeofPeace;Police2.mastersomerelatedlegalterms;understandhowthegovernmentwork3.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.Timeallotment1stperiod:Pre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,warming-upquestionsandbackgroundinformation)2ndperiod:Whilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiod:Highlightsofthetext4thperiod:After-readingactivitiesII.TeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.AskstudentsdoPPTtodopresentation.III.CulturalBackgroundNotesMagistrate司法官：

原文来自于拉丁文,指地方官员,后演变为在小辖区内审理轻微案件的司法官。香港裁判官一般都是有丰富经验和法律知识的，但但也有非专业性司法官。CulturalBackgroundNotesJury：陪审团，英美法系分为大陪审团〔GrandJury〕小陪审团〔prettyJury〕陪审团的任务是判断事实，然后由法官根据陪审团的裁判对犯罪嫌疑人量刑。CulturalBackgroundNotesProbation缓刑：对原有刑罚有条件地不予执行的制度。缓刑的条件(1)被判处拘役或者三年以下有期徒刑〔2〕根据犯罪情节，悔罪表现，不再危害社会〔3〕不是累犯HouseofLords上议院：亦称“贵族院〞，由宗教贵族、世俗贵族及一局部苏格兰贵族组成。HouseofCommons下议院：亦称“平民院〞，由郡、市、自治市的代表组成。JusticeofthePeace:兼理一般司法事务的地方官、治安官IV.DetailedreadingPre-readingtasksWarming-upquestions1.Whatislaw?WhatisLegalEnglish?2.CanyoutelloutsomesymbolsoftheLaw?3.CanyousaysomethingabouttheorganoftheLaw?Contents:CourtsofLaw:Alawcourtisameetingplacesetupbythegovernmentforthejustandpeacefulsettlementofdispute.Crime:Crimeusuallymeansbreakingthelawinaseriousway.Apersonwhohascommittedanumberofcrimesiscalledacriminal.Thecrimecanbedividedintomisdemeanor(slightcrime)andfelony(serouscrime),accordingtotheextentthecrimes.Judge:Ajudgeisalawyerwhohasworkedformostofhislifeinthecourtsandknowsthelawthoroughly.Lawyer:Lawyerearnstheirlivingbyadvisingpeopleandspeakingfortheminthecourts.InBritaintherearetwokindsoflawyers:asolicitorandabarrister..Police:Thefirstdutyofapoliceistoseethatpeopleobeythelaw.Theirdutiesinclude:catchinganimals,directingtraffic,controllingcrowds,findinglostchildren,rescuingpeopleindangerandgivingfirstaidsinaccidents.Prison:Whenapersonhasbeentriedandhisfoundguiltyofacrime,hemaybesenttoprisonforacertaintime.Prisonsusedtobeveryharsh.Therepeoplewerecruellytreated.Insomecountriestheystillare.HouseofCommons:Electedbypeople;representthevoiceofpeople---630persons,wheremoneyandthepoliciesofthegovernmentcanbetalkedaboutwarmly；electionsforseatsinCommonsevery5years.(PrimeMinistercancallforelectionsifhefeelsnecessary)---mostpowerfulbodyinthegovernmentHouseofLords:LifepeersandthosefromChurch—joindebatetoinfluencethecourseofgovernment.---fewpowersLawsaretherulespeopleneedtoagreeuponiftheyaretoliveinpeacetogether.法律是人们为在一起平安生活需要一致同意的规那么。Legalsystem:法律制度或法律系统，包括法的渊源，法院系统和律师界。Healsoseesthatthetrialisproperlyrun…seethat:注意、必须要保证V.After-readingactivities.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext:1.Whatislaw?2.Whatiscourt?3.Whatiscrime?4.Isthereanydifferencebetweenacrimeandanoffence?

5.HowdolawyersearntheirlivingsintheWest?6.Canapolicearrestpeopleashelikes?7.Whatare“open〞prisons?8.Whenwillapersonbesenttoprison?

UnitTwo

TheTwoMajorlegalsystemsintheworld

SuggestedTeachingPlanObjectives:Studentswillbeableto:1.Understandthemainidea(thetwomajorlegalsystemsintheworld)ofthetext;2.Mastersomerelatedlegalterms;3.Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.Timeallotment1stperiodPre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,backgroundinformation)2ndperiodWhilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiodHighlightsofthetext4thperiodAfter-readingactivitiesTeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.AskstudentsdoPPTtodopresentation.CulturalBackgroundlegalsystems

Twomajorstructureshaveguidedthedevelopmentoflegalsysteminmostcountriesoftheworld.Theyarecommonlawandcivilorcodelaw.TheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,andotherEnglish-speakingcountrieshaveacommon-lawsystem.Mostothercountrieshaveacivil-lawsystem.Manycountriescombinefeaturesofbothsystems.Common-lawsystemsarebasedlargelyoncaselaw---thatis,oncourtdecisions.Detailedreading

Pre-readingtasks1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutThetwomajorlegalsystems?2.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheCommonLawsystemandCivil-LawSystem?ContentsLegalSystem

Everyindependentcountryhasitsownlegalsystem.Eachsituationcallsforthaparticularinteractionofthelegalsystem'smanyelements,notonlyrulesandinstitutions,butalsopeopleandtheirbehavior.Common-lawsystem:普通法系又称英美法系，是指以英国普通法为根底开展起来的法律的总称。它首先产生于英国，后扩大到曾经是英国殖民地、附属国的许多国家和地区，包括美国、加拿大、印度、巴基斯坦、孟加拉、马来西亚、新加坡、澳大利亚、新西兰以及非洲的个别国家和地区。到18世纪至19世纪时，随着英国殖民地的扩张，英国法被传入这些国家和地区，英美法系终于开展成为世界主要法系之一。

Civil-lawsystem：大陆法系又称民法法系、罗马－日耳曼法系或成文法系。在西方法学著作中多称民法法系,中国法学著作中惯称大陆法系。指包括欧洲大陆大局部国家从19世纪初以罗马法为根底建立起来的、以1804年《法国民法典》和1896年《德国民法典》为代表的法律制度以及其他国家或地区仿效这种制度而建立的法律制度。它是西方国家中与英美法系并列的渊源久远和影响较大的法系。Thedifferencebetweenthe

twolegalsystems

Common-lawsystemsarebasedlargelyoncaselaw---thatis,oncourtdecisions.Thecommon-lawsystembeganinEnglandmanyhundredsofyearsago.TheEnglishcalledtheirsystemthecommonlawbecauseitappliedthroughouttheland.

Civilorcodelawcountrieshaveastheirpremisethewritingofcodesofconductthatareinclusiveofallforeseeableapplicationoflaw.Civil-lawsystemsarebasedmainlyonstatutes.Civil-lawsystemsincludebothprivatelawandpubliclaw.Codesoflawarethendevelopedforcommercial,civil,andcriminalapplications.

propertyrights:therightofownership(hyponym)ownership(hyponym)publicdomainIndustrialpropertyrightsincludetrademarks,logos,brandnames,productionprocesses,patents,evenmanagerialknow-how.1、Commonlawcountriesdonotattempttoanticipateallareasintheapplicationofalawbywritingittocovereveryforeseeablesituation.普通法国家不打算预先考虑法律运用的所有领域，以书面形式将所有可预见的情况包括进去。2.CivilorcodelawcountrieshaveastheirpremisethewritingofcodesofconductthatareinclusiveofallforeseeableapplicationofLaw.大陆法或成文法规加以包括一切可预见的法律运用行为标准的书面形式为前提3.UniformCommercialCode:统一商法典。美国统一商法典于１９５２年问世，共分九篇：总那么，买卖，商业票据，银行存款和收款，信用证等法规。该法典已被除美国路易斯安那州以外的所有州所采用。4.defensefornoncompliancewithacontract:对与合同不符所进行的辩护。5.Sufficeittosayherethatgoodlegalcounselisanessentialcomponentofeffectiveinternationalbusiness.法律参谋是有效国际贸易必不可少的组成局部，说这一点就足够了tosayherethatgoodlegalcounselisanessentialcomponentofeffectiveinternationalbusinessAfter-readingactivitiesA.Trytodotheexercisesaccordingtothetext.I.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext:1.WhatlawisthebasisoflawinEnglish-speakingcountries?2.WhydidtheEnglishcalltheirsystemthecommonlaw?3.Howarecasesdecidedincommonlawcountries?4.Whatistheimportantfactorinunderstandingthelegalenvironmentincivilorcommonlawcountries?5.Inwhatwayiscommonlawsystemdifferentfromthecivillawsystem?6.Whatarethetwoprincipallegalsystemsintheworld?3.Grammar:UseofpronounsII.Translatethefollowingsentences:1.

美国和英国是普通法国家的代表。这两个国家的法律有许多相同的地方。2.

世界上主要有两大法系，一个是以美，英为代表的普通法系，另一个是以法，德为代表的大陆法系。3.

现在大陆法系与普通法系的差异正在缩小。4.

在英国和美国等普通法国家，案件的裁决是以传统，惯常做法和对成文法的解释为依据。

5.

Civilorcodelawcountrieshaveastheirpremisethewritingofcodesofconductthatareinclusiveofallforeseeableapplicationoflaw.6.Commonlawcountriesdonotattempttoanticipateallareasintheapplicationofalawbywritingittocovereveryforeseeablesituation.7.Mostcountriesuseeithercommonorcodelawasthebasisfortheirlegalsystem,buttheyrelyonacombinationofthetwoinapplyingthelegalsystemtoactualdisputes.8.Perhapsthebestexampleofhowcommonandcodelawdifferisintherecognitionofindustrialpropertyrights.UnitThree

Thebranchesoflaw

SuggestedTeachingPlan

Objectives:Studentswillbeableto:1.understandthemainidea(thegeneralknowledgeofthebranchesofthelaw)ofthetext.2.mastersomerelatedlegalterms.3.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.

Timeallotment1stperiodPre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,backgroundinformation)2ndperiodWhilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiodHighlightsofthetext4thperiodAfter-readingactivitiesTeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.AskstudentsdoPPTtodopresentationCulturalBackground

Lawcanbedividedintotwomainbranches:privatelawandpubliclaw.Privatelawisalsocalledcivillaw.Itdeterminesaperson'slegalrightsandobligationsinmanykindsofactivitiesthatinvolveotherpeople.Suchactivitiesincludeeverythingfromborrowingorlendingmoneytobuyingahomeorsigningajobcontract.

Publiclawinvolvesgovernmentdirectly.Itdefinedaperson'srightsandobligationsinrelationtogovernment.Publiclawalsodescribesthevariousdivisionsofgovernmentandtheirpowers.DetailedreadingPre-readingtasks1.Whatdoyouexpecttolearnfromthisunit?2.Whatwillappearinyourmindonceyoutalkaboutthebranchesofthelaw?3.What’sthedifferencebetweentheprivatelawandthepubliclaw?4.Whataretheingredientsoftheprivatelawandthepubliclaw?Contents:Publiclaw:公法公法以研究公权力、公权力配置、公法关系和公法责任为主要内容。公法可分为广义和狭义两种。狭义公法是指调配公权力内部或公权力之间的关系的法律标准。广义的公法是指调配公权力之间，以及调节公权力与私权利之间关系的法律标准。Privatelaw:私法私法，相对于公法，一般而言指的是标准私权关系的法律。

罗马的法学家乌尔比安(Ulpianus)将法律划分为公法和私法。公法是与国家组织有关的法律，私法是与个人利益有关的法律。Privatelawcanbedividedintosixbranchesaccordingtothekindsoflegalrightsandobligationsinvolved.1)contractandcommerciallaw合同法与商事法2)tortlaw侵权法3)propertylaw物权法

4)inheritancelaw继承法5)familylaw家庭法6)corporationlaw公司法

Publiclawcanbedividedintofourbranches:1)criminallaw刑法2)constitutionallaw宪法3)administrativelaw行政法

4)internationallaw国际法

thepowerofjudicialreview司法审查权；违宪审查权司法裁判机关对行政执法活动的合法性进行的审查，具体说来就是在行政诉讼中对行政处分行为的合法性进行审查。After-readingactivitiesA.Trytodotheexercisesaccordingtothetext.1.Whatisthemajordifferencebetweentheprivatelawandpubliclaw?2.Whatelsecanlawbeclassifiedbesidesprivatelawandpubliclaw?3.Pointoutthesixbranchesofprivatelaw.4.Whatisaconstitution?5.Whatdoesadministrativelawchieflyconsistof?6.Whatdoesinternationallawdealwithaccordingtothetext?B.Translatethefollowingsentences:1.私法是指人在与他人的关系当中所拥有的权力和义务。2.根据所涉及的法律权力和义务，私法被分为六个主要的分支。3.继承法是关于财产的拥有者死亡时他的财产的转移。4.家庭法确定了丈夫与妻子，父母与孩子之间的合法权利和义务。

5.Thevariousbranchesofpublicandprivatelawarecloselyrelated,andinmanycasestheyoverlap.6.Contractandcommerciallawdealswiththerightsandobligationsofpeoplewhomakecontracts.7.Criminallawdealswithcrimes---thatisactionsconsideredharmfultosociety.8.Administrativelawranksasoneofthefastest-growingandmostcomplicatedbranchesofthelaw.C.WatchfilmTheLegallyBlond,thenaskthestudentstodiscussit.(2periods)UnitFour

LAWANDLINGUISTICS

SuggestedTeachingPlanObjectives:Studentswillbeableto:

1.understandthemainidea(thelawandlinguistic)ofthetext;2.mastersomerelatedlegalterms;3.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.Timeallotment1stperiodpre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,backgroundinformation)2ndperiodwhilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiodhighlightsofthetext4thperiodafter-readingactivitiesTeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.Askstudentstodopreparationofthetextandthendopresentations.III.CulturalBackgroundNotes

Languagebeingthelaw’svehicleofexpression,itisimportantforthelawyertogivespecialattentiontothestudyoflanguage.LordMansfield,oneofthemostfamousEnglishjudges,onceobservedthat“mostofthedisputesintheworldarisefromwords〞.Thisisadirectresultofthelackofprecisioninthemeaningofnearlyeveryword.Theworkofscientistsandlogiciansthusgaveafilliptosemantics,abranchofstudyconcernedwiththemeaningsofwords.Developmentsinsemanticscausedlawyerstoseelegallanguageinanewlight,especiallythroughthestresslaidbysemanticsonthelackof“referents〞formuchlegalterminology.JeromeFrank,theAmericanrealistjuristtookupthisstudyinrelationtthelawandfromhisworktherehasresultedagreaterrealizationoftheuncertaintiesofmanyconceptsandtermswhichlawyershadearlierassumedtobedefinite.DetailedreadingPre-readingtasks:What’stherelationshipbetweenthelawandlinguistics?Contents

Developmentsinsemanticscausedlawyerstoseelegallanguageinanewlight,especiallythroughthestresslaidbysemanticsonthelackof“referents〞formuchlegalterminology.JeromeFrank,theAmericanrealistjuristtookupthisstudyinrelationtthelawandfromhisworktherehasresultedagreaterrealizationoftheuncertaintiesofmanyconceptsandtermswhichlawyershadearlierass