22科学新知-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科学新知题型主要内容1阅读理解介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国也在促进5G通信技术的发展。2阅读理解讲述了我们所经历的四个睡眠阶段。3阅读理解讲述了以前人们都认为鱼类的记忆只能保持7秒钟，但是实验表明其实它们可以有长达12天的记忆，要比以前人们想的聪明得多。4阅读理解解释了“衣服湿了颜色会变深”这一现象。5阅读理解解释了为什么我们对智能手机如此着迷，却很容易对学习感到厌倦。01（2022·河北·衡水滨湖新区志臻中学一模）FiveyearsisarathershorttimeinthelonghistoryofChina.Butfordigital(数字的)development,alotofchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyaspectsofourlife.Nowadays,it’snormalforpeopletocommunicateonWeChat,themostpopularmobilesocialmediaplatforminChina.Peopletakelesscash(现金)withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsacceptWeChatPayandAlipay.InChina,holdingamobilephonemeanshavingtheworldinyourhands.Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps.Withoutmobilephones,lifewouldseemdull.Bytheendof2016,therewere695millionmobilephoneusersinChina,anincreaseof12percentonyear-on-yearbasis.TheaveragemobileInternetdatatrafficreached172megabytespermonth,whichwasfarmorethantheglobalaverage.Atthetwosessions(两会),PremierLiKeqiangpointedoutthatin2017thespeedofmobilenetworkwouldbeincreasedandthecostwouldbereducedgreatly.Mobileratesfordomesticroaming(国内漫游)andlongdistancecallswouldbecancelled(取消).Meanwhile,theTD-LTE4GcommunicationtechnologydevelopedmainlyinChinahasbeenacceptedandwidelyusedacrosstheworld.In2020,China’s5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina’smobiletelecommunicationovertake(反超)theinternationalcommunity’s.1．Peopletakelesscashwiththembecause________.A．cashisn’tusefulanymore B．it’seasiertouseonlinepaybymobilephoneC．manystoresrefusecash D．onlinepayisusedinallstoresandhotels2．Byusingamobilephone,youcandomanythingsEXCEPT________.A．orderingsomethingtoeat B．chattingwithfriendsC．playinggames D．cookingsomethingdelicious3．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________.A．ThecostofusingmobilephonesislowerB．thespeedofmobilenetworksloweddownC．ChineseuserswillmakephonecallsforfreeinthefutureD．theusingofmobilephoneswascancelled4．Whichoneistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplecan’tlivewithoutmobilephones.B．Thespeedofmobilenetworkandthecostwouldbeincreasedgreatly.C．TheTD—LTE4GcommunicationtechnologyisonlyusedinChina.D．China’s5Gnetworkhasalreadybeeninservice.02（2022·河南·镇平县基础教育教学研究室三模）Alldreamingstartswithsleep.Whenwesleeptherearefourstages（阶段）thatwegothrough.StageOneisthelighteststageofsleep.Inthisstageofsleepsomeonecanbeawakenedbylowsoundsorslighttouch.StageOnesleephappensthrough-outthenight.Itoftenreappearsasatransitionalstateofsleepfollowingarousal（刺激）duringthenight.WhenStageOnedoesreappearduringsleep,itonlylaststhirtysecondstooneminute.YoungadultsspendtentofifteenminutesanightinStageOnesleep.StageTwosleepmayhavesomeoftheslowereyemovementStageOne,butingeneralStageTwosleepisfreeofanyeyemovement.Anotherfeatureofstagetwoisarousal.SinceStageTwoisadeepersleepthanStageOne,itwilltakemorearousaltoawakenapersonfromthisstageofsleep.StageThreesleepaswellasStageFourisusuallyreferredtoasaslowwavesleep,whichbasicallymeansaslowfrequency（频率）ofbrainthought.Therearenovisualeyemovementsinthisstage.AgaininStageThreeittakesevenmorearousalthenStageTwosleep,toawakenapersonfromthisstateofsleep.MostofthedreamsrememberedtakeplaceduringstageThreeSleep.StageFoursleepisthedeepestofsleep.Thisiswherethebodyandmindgetsthemostrest.BrainfrequenciesincreaseslightlyinStageFoursleep.Inthisstageofsleeppeoplebegintheirdreams.Whenapersonisdreamingyoucanvisuallytellbythemovementoftheeyes.Scientistmeasuredeepsleepby“R.E.M.”whichsimplymeans“rapideyemovement”.WhattheymeasureistheamountoftimeyoureyemovesinStageFoursleepandalsobrainactivityalongwithfrequency.Onceagainmuchmorearousalisneededtoawakenastagefoursleeper.5．HowlongdoesStageonesleeplastforyoungadults?A．Aboutaminute. B．Aboutaquarter.C．Aboutanhour. D．Aboutanight.6．WhatcanweknowfromParagraph3?A．Eyesdon’tmoveinstage2sleep.B．Stage1sleepislighterthanstage2sleep.C．Stage3sleepisreferredtoasaslowwavesleep.D．Stage4sleepisthedeepestofsleep.7．Inwhichstagedoesthebodyandmindgetthemostrest?A．Stage1sleep. B．Stage2sleep.C．Stage3sleep. D．Stage4sleep.8．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?A． B．C． D．9．What’sthisreadingabout?A．Whatdoesdreamingstartwith.B．Whatyourdreamsaretellingyou.C．Whatstagesofsleepwegothrough.D．Whatkindsofdreamsdowehave.03（2022·河北·唐山市凤凰中学一模）It’sacommonbeliefthatfishcan’trememberanythingforlongerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthateverymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.Butdon’tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.Anewstudyhasfoundthatfishhavemuchbettermemoriesthanweusedtothink.Inthestudy,researchersfromMacEwanUniversityinCanadatrainedakindoffishcalledAfricancichlidstogotoacertainareaoftheirtanktogetfood.Theytookthefishoutandthenwaitedfor12daysbeforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.Theyfoundthataftersuchalongbreakthefishstillwenttothesameplacewheretheyfirstgotfood.Infact,scientistshadbeenthinkingforalongtimethatAfricancichlidsmighthaveagoodmemory.Buttherewasnoclearevidenceuntilthelatestfindings.Justasagoodmemorycanmakeourliveseasier,italsoplaysanimportantpartwhenafishistryingtosurviveinthewild.“Iffishareabletorememberthatacertainareacontains(容纳)safefood,theywillbeabletogobacktothatareawithoutputtingtheirlivesindanger,”leadresearcherTrevorHamiltontoldLiveScience.Sonexttimeyouarewatchingyourpetfishfromoutsidethetank,perhapsyoushouldfeelclosetothem—theymayrememberwhoyouare.10．Weoftenfeelsorryforfishbecause________.A．theyhavebadmemories B．theycan’trememberanythingC．theyareoftenusedforresearch D．everymomentintheirlivesisnew11．Whydidtheresearcherscarryouttheresearch?A．Toknowiffishcanfindfoodeasily.B．Tofindoutiffishhavebettermemories.C．Totellusfishcanlivefordayswithoutwater.D．Toshowfishcanlivelongwithouteatingthings.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tank”inParagraph2mean?A．Akindoffishfood. B．Akindofhidingplace.C．Acontainerforholdingwater. D．Acontainerforkeepingfish.04（2021·福建·上杭县教师进修学校九年级期中）Haveyoueversplashed(溅洒)waterontoyourshirtrightbeforeanimportantevent?Usually,clothesbecomedarkerincolorwhentheygetwet.Itwouldcertainlybeniceifthewaterdidn’tchangethecoloroftheclothessomuch.Butsadly,thisisn’thowthingswork.Sowhydoclothesoftenappeardarkerwhentheygetwet.Beforeunderstandingthisquestion,weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookathowwe“see”colors.Takearedshirtasanexample.Whenit’shitbythelightfromthesun,ittakesindifferentwavelengths(波长)oflight,exceptfortheredlightwavelength.Theredlightwavelengthisreflectedtooureyes.Thatiswhytheshirtappearsredtous.Nowlet’sreturntothewetshirt.Whenthelighthitsawetshirt,ithastopassthroughthewaterontheshirt.Thelightthatshouldbereflectedbytheshirtre-absorbed(重新吸收)bythewater.Thismeanslesslightwillbesenttooureyes.Asaresult,theshirtlooks“darker”.Butremember:sometimesawetshirtcanseembrighterwhenviewedfromacertainangle.Thesurfaceoftheshirtisusuallyrough(粗糙的).Addingwatertoitmakesitsmoother.Asmoothsurfacereflectslightinadifferentwayfromaroughsurface.Thus,youmayseeasmallandbrightreflectionofthelightfromacertainangle.Sobasically,awetshirtwillbedarkerthanadryone,butitcanalsoappearmore“shiny”attimes.13．Howdoesthewriterexplainhowwe“see”colors?A．Byshowingafact. B．Byraisingaquestion.C．Bygivinganexample. D．Byshowinghisexperience.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reflected”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A．穿透 B．中断 C．接收 D．反射15．Whatwillhappenafterthelightpassesthroughthewaterontheshirt?A．Morelightwillbesenttooureye. B．Certainlightwillbere-absorbedbythewater.C．Thewaterontheshirtwillbeabsorbed. D．Thelightreflectedbywaterwillbereduced.16．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．Youcanmakeyourshirtmoreroughbyaddingwatertoit.B．Thelightonasmoothsurfacereflectsisdifferentfromlightontheroughonereflects.C．Fromdifferentangles,somesmallandbrightreflectionofthelightcanbeseen.D．Itisunusualtoseeawetshirtisdarkerthanadryoneinourdailylife.17．Whichpictureshowsthestructure(结构)ofthepassage?A． B．C． D．05（2022·河南·辉县市教育局教学研究室二模）Timefileswhenyouplayonyoursmartphone.Butwhenyougetdowntotherealbusinessofworkandstudy,onehourfeelslikeayear.Whyarewesoattractedbysmartphonesbuteasilyboredbystudying?Itallbollsdowntosomethingsmallandhardtosee:dopamine（多巴胺）.Dopamineisa“pleasurechemical”thatmakespeoplefeelgood.Ourbrainsgiveitoutwhenweeatyummyfood,afterweexerciseorwhenwegetaprize.Comparedwithstudying,playingonsmartphonescausesourbrainstogiveoutmoredopamine.Forexample,checkingyourphoneforatextleadstoa400percentincreaseindopamine.Butwhy?Whenwevisitsocialmedia,wedon’tknowwhatwe’llseenext,orwhowillgiveopinionsaboutthingswepost（发布）.This“magicofmaybe”,makesthedopaminesystemactive.Wegetexcitedwonderingifwehavemessagesfromourfriends.Whenourexpectations（期待）aremet,dopamineisgivenout.Andtofindmoredopamine,wecontinuecheckingourphones.Studyingdoesn’tprovidesuchmagic.Withoutthisexcitement,wegetboredmuchmoreeasily.Canwedosomethingtochangethat?Accordingtoscientists,appscanbecomelessattractiveifweturnoffnotifications（通知）orchangethescreencolorstoblackandwhite.Wecanalsosettimelimitsonappstoavoidusingthemtoomuch.Asforstudying,youcouldcheckyourprogressdailyorweeklyandrewardyourselfforit,saidDanielWong,writerofTheHappyStudent.Youcouldalsosearchforinterestingtopicsconnectedwithyourtextbook.Usewhatyou’velearnedtomakeaninfluenceintherealworld.Thiswillmakeknowledgemuchmoreinterestingtolearn.18．Accordingtothearticle,whatarestudentslikewhentheystudy?A．Theygetveryattracted.B．Theyaregettinghappier.C．Theyfeeltimepassmoreslowly.D．Theirbraingiveoutmoredopamine.19．Whatmightthephrase“boilsdownto”meaninParagraph2?A．worksout B．turnsout C．leadsto D．resultsfrom20．Whendopeoplehavemoredopamine?A．Whentheyknowwhatwillhappennext.B．Whentheystayinafamiliarenvironment.C．Whentheirexpectationsaremet.D．Whentheyfacefewerunknownthings.21．Whatisparagraph4about?A．Itintroducesawaytogetmoremessagesfromourfriends.B．Itgivesanexampleofspendingtimehappilyonsocialmedia.C．Itdescribeshowscientistsdiscoverthewaydopamineworks.D．Itexplainswhyplayingonsmartphonescausesmoredopamine.22．WhichofthefollowingmightDanielWongsuggesttomakelearninginteresting?A．Settingtimelimitsoneverythingyoudo.B．Stoppingplayingandfindingmoreinterestsinreallife.C．Usingwhatyoulearnfromtextbookstodothingsinreallife.D．Readingtheinterestingpartinyourtextbooksbeforereadingtheothers.参考答案：1．B

2．D

3．A

4．D【导语】本文介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国也在促进5G通信技术的发展。1．细节理解题。根据“Peopletakelesscash(现金)withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsacceptWeChatPayandAlipay.”可知，由于大多数商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付宝支付，所以人们随身携带的现金较少了。由此说明用手机在线支付更方便。故选B。2．推理判断题。根据“Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps.”可知，你可以利用手机购物，旅行，交流，娱乐，所有的活动只需用手指点击几下。文中没有提到利用手机能做饭。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据“Mobileratesfordomesticroaming(国内漫游)andlongdistancecallswouldbecancelled”可知，使用手机的成本更低了。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In2020,China’s5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina’smobiletelecommunicationovertake(反超)theinternationalcommunity’s”可推知，选项D“中国的5G网络已经投入使用。”正确。故选D。5．B

6．B

7．D

8．A

9．C【导语】本文主要讲述了我们所经历的四个睡眠阶段。5．细节理解题。根据“YoungadultsspendtentofifteenminutesanightinStageOnesleep.”可知年轻人每晚花10到15分钟进行第一阶段睡眠。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据“SinceStageTwoisadeepersleepthanStageOne,itwilltakemorearousaltoawakenapersonfromthisstageofsleep.”（由于第二阶段比第一阶段睡眠更深，因此需要更多的唤醒才能将人从这一睡眠阶段唤醒。）可知第一阶段的睡眠比第二阶段的睡眠要轻。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据“StageFoursleepisthedeepestofsleep.Thisiswherethebodyandmindgetsthemostrest.”可知在第四阶段身心可以得到最大的休息，故选D。8．篇章结构题。文章第一段是点明主题：当我们睡觉时，我们会经历四个阶段。第二、三、四、五段分别介绍四个睡眠阶段，故选A。9．主旨大意题。根据“Whenwesleeptherearefourstagesthatwegothrough.”结合全文可知本文主要讲述了我们所经历的四个睡眠阶段。故选C。10．B

11．B

12．D【导语】本文是一篇科普知识类阅读，主要讲述了以前人们都认为鱼类的记忆只能保持7秒钟，但是实验表明其实它们可以有长达12天的记忆，要比以前人们想的聪明得多。10．细节理解题。根据“It’sacommonbeliefthatfishcan’trememberanythingforlongerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthateverymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.Butdon’tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.”可知，人们普遍认为鱼在7秒钟内什么都记不住，故选B。11．细节理解题。根据“Anewstudyhasfoundthatfishhavemuchbettermemoriesthanweusedtothink.”和“Inthestudy,researchersfromMacEwanUniversity...Theytookthefishoutandthenwaitedfor12daysbeforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.”可知，做这个研究目的是看看鱼是否有更好的记忆力。故选B。12．词义猜测题。根据“Theytookthefishoutandthenwaitedfor12daysbeforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.”可知，他们把鱼拿出来等了12天再把鱼放回去，所以“tank”为养鱼的容器，故选D。13．C

14．D

15．B

16．B

17．C【导语】本文主要解释了“衣服湿了颜色会变深”这一现象。13．细节理解题。根据“weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookathowwe‘see’colors.Takearedshirtasanexample”可知，通过举例来说明这一现象，故选C。14．词意猜测题。根据“Theredlightwavelengthisreflectedtooureyes.Thatiswhytheshirtappearsredtous”可知，因为红光波长被反射到我们的眼睛，所以我们看衬衫是红色的，故选D。15．细节理解题。根据“Thelightthatshouldbereflectedbytheshirtre-absorbedbythewater”可知，应该被衬衫反射的光被水重新吸收，故选B。16．推理判断题。根据“Asmoothsurfacereflectslightinadifferentwayfromaroughsurface”可