社会工作专业英语 课件 chapter 12 Resilience and Social Work Practice

ResilienceandSocialWorkPracticeChapter12Chapter12I.ResilienceforSocialWorkersII.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategiesIII.CreatingaCultureofResilienceinSocialWorkContextIV.CaseExample【KeyPoints】1.Resilienceisanimportantcapabilityforsocialworkers,especiallythosewhoareworkingwithtraumavictims(e.g.domesticviolencesurvivors,orchildrenwhoareneglectandabused).2.Thedefinitionsandcopingmechanismsofburnout,secondarytraumaandcompassionfatigue.3.Tobuildandmaintainresilienceinsocialworkpractice,bothself-responsibilityandorganizationalsupportaresignificant.I.ResilienceforSocialWorkers1.HowtoDefine“Resilience”?Twodeterminingfactors:Thesocialworkers’experiencesofadversityandtheirpositiveadaptationinresponsetothesestressfulsituations.Definition:

Theexperienceofadversityandpositiveadaptationinresponsetothis.[AdaptedfromCleveland,M.,Warhurst,A.,&Legood,A.(2019).Experiencingresiliencethroughtheeyesofearlycareersocialworkers.

TheBritishJournalofSocialWork,

49(6),1434-1451.]I.ResilienceforSocialWorkers2.WhyResilienceisImportantforSocialWorkersFirst,resilienceenablesanindividualtodevelopmechanismstodealwithnegativeexperienceswhichcouldbeoverwhelming.Second,resiliencehelpspeopletomaintainbalanceduringstressfultimeintheirlives.Third,resilienceprotectspeoplefromthedevelopmentofothermentalhealthissues.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies1.BurnoutBurnoutischaracterizedbyexhaustion,cynicism[n.愤世嫉俗],andfeelingsofdecreasedprofessionalability,burnoutistheresultofprolongedorrepeatedstress.Oftenassociatedwithanindividual’sprofessionallife,burnoutcantechnicallystemfromotherlifestressorsaswellsuchasparentingorcaretaking.Burnoutisnotthesameasfeelingoverworkedbutbeingoverworkedcancontributetoburnout.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies1.1SignsofSocialWorkers’Burnout

StrugglingtoMaintainFocus:

Strugglingtomaintainfocusmeanstheoverwhelmedbrainneedsabreak.Losingfocusmaybeexpressedindifferentwaysamongpeople.Youopenafileonanewclient,readafewpages,andthencompletelyforgetwhatyouread,soyouhavetogobackandreaditagain,butthesamethinghappens.LackofPatience:Whenyouareeasilyfrustratedorangryattheslightestinconvenience,yourpatienceisslippingandyouareathighriskofburnout.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies

LossofEnthusiasm:

Individualswhoarelosingthedesiretohelptheirclientsorencounteringdifficultsituationwhichsaptheirenergytowardsocialworkpracticemayfeelalossoftheirenthusiasmandburnout.PhysicalPainandIllness:Burnoutmayexpressitselfphysically,suchasheadaches,stomachaches,increasedbloodpressureandsoon.Moreover,burnoutmayweakyourimmunesystemwhichleadstomorephysicalillness.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies1.2BeatingBurnout

Prioritizeself-care:

Prioritizingsleephabits,nutrition,exerciseandsocialconnectionscanhelpindividualsreplenish[v.补充]theirphysicalandemotionalenergy.Moreover,mediating,journalingandenjoyingnaturecanpromoteequanimity[(尤指处于震惊、失望或困境时的）镇静]andselfwell-being.Shiftyourperspective:Socialworkersshouldspendsometimetotakeacloselookattheirmindset[n.思维倾向]andpre-assumptionsandconsiderwhichaspectscanbechanged.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies

Buildasupportnetwork:

Socialworkersareencouragedtobuildasupportnetworkforthemselves.Then,youcandiscussyourstrugglesandsufferingwithburnoutinsafeenvironment.Theprofessionalsupportcandramaticallyreduceyourstresslevelandfacilitatehealing.Furthermore,thisprocesswillreinforcesolidaritywiththosearoundyouinyourworkplace.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies2.SecondaryTraumaThesocialworkerschronicexposuretotheirclientssufferingisaformoftrauma.Socialworkersthusfacesecondaryorvicarioustraumaintheirdailyresponsibilities.Someofthesocialworkersmaysufferfromsecondarytraumaandhavetraumatizedreactionstotheirclients’experiences.Secondarytraumaticstresscansuddenlyoccurafterasingleexposuretotheclient’straumaticexperience,orfromreadingonecasefileincludingdetails.Inaddition,somesocialworkersmayexperiencevicarioustrauma,whichismorelikelytohappenwhencontinuallyexposedtothetraumaofclients.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies2.1SignsofSecondaryTrauma1).Havingnightmaresaboutaclient’sexperiences.2).Feelingunabletosupportclients,exhausted,overwhelmed,burnedout,jumpyoreasilystartled,lessinterestedinthejob,orangryattheclients.3).Sufferingfrominsomniaoreatingdisorders.4).Increasedconflictsbetweencoworkersand/orathome.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies2.2Howtoprevent,treatandmanagesecondarytrauma(andvicarioustrauma)Therearesomestrategiestopreventtheoccurrenceofsecondarytrauma,including:1).Smartlydistributingcasesintheagencyandgivingeachsocialworkerapracticalcaseload.2).Encouragingsocialworkerstocommunicatewiththeirsupervisorregularly.3).Takingregularbreaksbetweencases,especiallywheninvolvedwithcomplicatedissuesordifficultclients.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies4).Seekingtreatmentifthesocialworkerhasapersonalhistoryoftrauma(e.g.haveexperiencedchildabuseoranaturaldisaster).5).Settingboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallife,donotdiscussworkathome.6).Socialworkersshouldthinkcarefullyabouttheirowntraumaticexperiencesifany,andconsiderhowtheirpasttraumaticexperiencesmayinteractwiththeirclients’trauma.7).Maintaininggoodself-careactivities,suchastakinglunchbreaks,gettingadequatesleep,andmeetingfriendsandfamily.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategiesIftraumasymptomshaveappeared,socialworkersshouldtakethemseriously.Sometipshavelistedbelow:1).Takingabreakfromwork.2).Identifyingsomeclients(whomighttriggeryourtrauma)andreferrallingthemtoanothersocialworkerinyourteam.3).Reducingyourworkloadtemporarily.4).Findingtreatmentfromyoursupervisororotherprofessionals.5).Outdoorsexercisingduringtheday.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies3.CompassionFatigueCompassion[n.同情，恻隐之心]fatigue[n.疲劳]makesprofessionalsfeelnumbanddisconnected,havedifficultybeingempathic,andworkinefficientlywhenassistingtheirclients.Compassionfatiguenormallyhasamorerapidonsetandfasterrecoveryprocessthanburnout.Thecompassionfatigueislesssevereifitcanberecognizedandmanagedintheearlyphase.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies3.1SymptomsofCompassionFatigue1).Emotional,mental,andphysicalexhaustion.2).Lossofenthusiasmandaccomplishmentinworkaswellasisolationfrompeers.3).Somepeoplemaysufferfromdepression,lackofmotivations,insomnia,cognitiveimpairmentandsoon.4).Behaviorandjudgementareimpaired.5).Lossofself-worth.Personalidentity,worldviewandvaluesimpacted.II.NegativeConsequencesandCopingStrategies3.2CombatingCompassionFatigueandCreatingResilience1).Askforassistance.2).Surroundyourselfwithasupportiveteam:Thereisnoneedtofightcompassionfatiguealone.3).PracticeSelf-Compassion:beingkindtoourselvesvsjudgingourselves;seeingourcommonhumanitywhenwemakeamistakevsisolatingourselves;beingmindfulofouremotionvsover-identifyingwiththem.III.CreatingaCultureofResilienceinSocialWorkContext1.InstitutionalLevelTheexistingliteraturesindicatedthatexternalfactorsplayasignificantroleinenhancingorunderminingresilience.Onemainfactorisorganizationalculturewhichdirectlyinfluencesocialworkers’resilience.Asupportiveenvironmentincludingpeerandmanagementsupportcancontributetoretentionandbufferingagainstburnout.Itcanalsoreducethelikelihoodofsecondarytraumatic[adj.经历痛苦的，造成精神创伤的]stressandcompassionfatigue.III.CreatingaCultureofResilienceinSocialWorkContext1.1RegularlySupervisionPaststudieshavedemonstratedthatthemajorityofsocialworkersidentifiedregularsupervisionistheirfundamentalsourceofemotionalsupport.Theempiricalevidencealsoreflectedthatapositivesupervisionexperienceisessentialtoearlysocialworkers’confidenceandresilience.III.CreatingaCultureofResilienceinSocialWorkContext1.2PeerSupportSeekingassistancefromcoworkerswhenfacingpersistentnegativitywasdemonstratedasacrucialcopingmechanisminasocialworkcontext,moreaccuratelycreatingcommunitiesofcopingisnecessarywithinthisserviceindustry.Fortheearlycareersocialworkersandseniorsocialworkerswhoarefacingdifficultclients,thegroupsupervisionwhichencouragedpositivereappraisal[n.重新评价]ofsituationsandsharingcopingmechanismmaybeevenmorehelpful.III.CreatingaCultureofResilienceinSocialWorkContext1.3FindingtheBalance:QualityVSQuantityFindingthebalanceofqualityandquantityinthesocialworkorganizationscanhelpprofessionalsmaintaintheirresilience.Theheavyworkloadisasignificantcauseofdecreasingresilienceamongsocialworkers.III.CreatingaCultureofResilienceinSocialWorkContext2.PersonalResponsibilitiesSocialworkersareexpectedtomaintaintheirresilienceinpractice.Aswediscussedabove,theyhavethepersonalresponsibilitytomaintainresilience.Therefore,thissectionwillintroducehowtouseaprofessionalapproachtocontrolsocialworkers’emotionsandsecondarytrauma.Morespecifically,maintainingprofessionalismcanbedoneintwoways,includingkeepingemotionaldistanceandbeingemotionallyprofessional.III.CreatingaCultureofResilienceinSocialWorkContext2.1EmotionalDistanceTomaintainpersonalemotionalresilience,socialworkerslimitorpreventemotionaltransferencefromtheircolleaguesandclients.Onepreviousstudydemonstratedthatkeelingalevelofprofessionalemotionaldistanceensuressocialworkersshowempatheticconcerns,whichhaspositiveinfluenceonresilience,ratherthanempatheticdistresswhichhasnegativeimpacts.III.CreatingaCultureofResilienceinSocialWorkContext2.2BeingEmotionallyProfessionalConsideringthenatureofasocialworkcareer,theindividualsinthiscontextinevitabilityexperiencestressandnegativeemotions.Thoughthechallengesanddifficultiesarealwaysthere,resiliencetrainingearlyinthecareercanhelpsocialworkersdealwiththeseinevitableissues.IV.CaseExample1.BasicInformationoftheSelectedCaseA25-year-oldfemalesocialworker,Misun,whoworkedforpediatricpatients,reported:“Ineverhaddeeplythoughtaboutdeathbefore.Iheardindirectlyofmychildpatient’sdeaththroughotherpeople.Aparentofthepatientcalledmeandsaidherchilddiedlastnightandshethankedmeformyhelp...Recently,Iattendedthefuneralofmypatient.Iwitnessedhiscaregivers,friends,andchildrentherewailing.Itwassohardforme.Foracoupleofdays,Icouldn’tsleep,sufferingbaddreams.”IV.CaseExample2.TheSocialWorker’sBasicNeedsBuildresilienceandsetaboundarybetweenherworkandlife.3.CopingmechanismMisuntalkedwithhercoworkersandsupervisor.Nowsheistryingtoseparateherpersonallifeandwork.Misunmentionedthats