全册讲义外研版必修第三册

（2019新版）高中英语外研版必修三讲义第一课Unit1Knowingme,knowingyou···································1第二课Unit1语法专题:过去分词做状语·····································11第三课Unit2Makingadifference··············································20第四课Unit2语法专题:过去分词作定语····································29第五课Unit3Theworldofscience············································36第六课Unit3语法专题:现在完成时的被动语态···························44第七课Unit4Amazingart·······················································49第八课Unit4语法专题:现在进行时的被动语态····························64第九课Unit5Whatanadventure!··············································69第十课Unit5语法专题:过去将来时··········································88第十一课Unit6Disasterandhope················································94第十二课Unit6语法专题:省略···················································97Unit1Knowingme,knowingyou重点词组SectionAinatotalmess一团糟helpout帮一把becrazyabout对...疯狂letdown使失望，辜负pointguard控球后卫keyplayer核心队员letoffsteam宣泄情绪beangrywith对...生气concentrateondoing集中注意力于ThereisanoldAmericansaying有一句古老的美国谚语looselipssinkships祸从口出looselips大嘴巴causetrouble造成麻烦besuretodo一定做某事inthatsituation在那种情况下apologiseto向...道歉meantodo打算做某事meandoingsth意味着resolveconflicts解决冲突haveachatwithsb与某人聊天makethesituationworse让情况更糟糕moveon对...采取行动befilledwith充满，挤满tendto趋向于etoone’smind突然想起takeadeepbreath深呼吸calmdown冷静pullone’sweight尽责，做好分内的事inaprofessionalway以专业的方式thinkabout考虑thinkout想出thinkof想起workout解决，实现，弄懂goodluck祝你好运takeiteasy别担心besatisfiedwith对...满意SectionBenterintoawritingpetition参加写作比赛tellthetruth讲事实，说实话findout发现lookdownon/upon轻视keepsilent保持沉默takethelead带头playarolein在...起作用haveahardtime(in)doingsth做某事有困难adjusttonewsurroundings适应新环境doone’sduty承担责任byaccident偶然separatefrom与...分离runawayfrom逃离dealwith处理settledown定居causeembarrassment造成尴尬ittakestimetodosth花费时间做某事plainabout抱怨getalongwith与某人相处flyaway飞走feelbadabout对...感到糟糕makealotofnoise制造许多噪音emotionalquotient情商intelligencequotient智商theabilityto做...的能力Itisbelievedthat据说Ifpossible如果可能的话SectionCdowellin擅长whitelies善意的谎言honestlysaying诚实地说tellalie说谎fort...with...用...安慰protect...from/against...保护...免受evenif/though即使towhatextent在多大程度上giveencouragement给予鼓励frankments坦诚的评论inadvance提前everytime每次expecttodosth期盼做某事insteadof代替，而不是consistof包含startwith以...开头aseriesof一系列asummaryof总结adaptedfrom改编自gathertogether聚在一起moveapart分开二、重点词汇1.letoffsteam发泄怒火,宣泄情绪letout发出(叫声等);泄露let...in让……进来;放进letgo(of)放开;放手;释放letdown使失望;辜负letalone更不用说;听任;不打扰2.agonyn.痛楚,苦难inagony=inpain处于痛苦中agonyaunt知心阿姨agonycolumn=advicecolumn知心专栏agonizev.(对某事物)极度忧虑或担心agonizeabout/over对……焦虑/苦恼agonizedadj.十分痛苦的agonizingadj.令人痛苦的3.sinkv.使(船)沉没sinkn.洗涤池,洗碗槽,水槽sinkv.(日、月)下落;(头、目光等)下垂;消沉,陷入sinkinto陷入4.breathn.呼出的气breathev.呼吸breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的breathein吸气breatheout呼气takeadeepbreath深吸一口气outofbreath气喘吁吁,上气不接下气holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸5.concernn.忧虑,担心concerningprep.关于concernedadj.有关的;关心的have/feel/showconcernabout/for/over...对……关心/担忧beconcernedabout=beworriedabout关心;挂念asfarassb/sthbeconcerned就……而言6.lookdownon看不起,轻视,蔑视lookafter照顾,照料lookahead向前看,着眼未来lookasif看上去好像lookaround/about四处看看,四下环顾lookback回头看;回顾lookforwardto盼望,期待lookinto观察;调查lookon旁观,观望lookon...as...把……看作……lookout当心,小心,留神lookup查寻,查阅;抬头看lookthrough浏览,翻阅,温习,仔细查看;透过……看7.adjustv.调整,调节;适应,(使)习惯adjustto(doing)sth适应(做)某事adjustoneself(to)sth(使)适应well-adjustedadj.完全适应环境的adjustableadj.可调整的,可调节的adjustmentn.调整,调节;适应makeadjustment适应,调整accidentn.事故,意外事件,偶然因素accidentaladj.意外的;偶然的;附属的withoutaccident平安无事地Itisnoaccidentthat...……绝非偶然9.ensurev.确保,保证10plexityn.复杂性,错综复杂plexadj.复杂的,复合的n.综合楼群,联合企业anewapartmentplex一座新综合公寓大楼11.forgivev.原谅forgivesbsth原谅某人某事forgivesbfordoingsth原谅某人做了某事forgiveandforget不念旧恶;不记仇12.getalongwith与……相处getabout徘徊,走动getaccustomedto习惯于getacross被传达;被理解getaway离开,逃脱getdownto认真对待getoff从……下来;脱下(衣服)getover恢复getridof除去,摆脱getthrough到达,完成gettogether积聚,积累getusedto习惯于13.weavev.编,织weaveyourmagic使人入迷weaveinandout迂回穿行weaveyourwaythrough在……中穿行weaver织布工14.protect...from保护……使免受……protectionn.保护environmentalprotection环境保护fire/flood/sunprotection防火/防洪/防晒undertheprotectionof在……的保护之下protectiveadj.保护的,给予保护的defendsb/sthfrom保护……不受prevent...from...阻止,预防,防止15.justifyv.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护bejustifiedby...……被证明是合理的;理由是……justifyoneself为自己辩解justifiedadj.有合理解释的,有正当理由的16.frankadj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的franklyadv.坦白说,坦率地说tobefrank坦白说,坦率地说befrankwithsb坦白跟某人讲befrankaboutsth坦率地说17.tearn.眼泪,泪水tearfuladj.哭泣的,含泪的,快要哭的burstintotears突然哭起来teardown扯下;拆毁tearup撕碎;拔起opieces把……撕成碎片tear...open把……撕开independentadj.独立的independencen.独立,自主gain/achieve/winindependence取得/获得/赢得独立independentlyadv.独立地beindependentof不依赖independentschool私立三、重点句式1.Embarrassedandashamed,Ican’tconcentrateonanything.我感觉既尴尬又羞愧,不能把注意力集中到任何事情上。【句式剖析】形容词化的过去分词作状语,表示状态,修饰句子的主语。Dressedinwhite,shelookedreallypretty.穿着白色衣服,她看起来确实很美。【句式拓展】(1)形容词化的过去分词作状语,表示伴随,可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。Overjoyed,theyrushedtothefront.他们非常高兴疾步跑到前边。(2)形容词作原因状语,通常放在句首。Thirstyandeagertogetalittlerest,hewentintothetea-houseandseatedhimselfatalittletable.因为非常渴,并且迫切想要休息一下,他进了茶室坐在了小桌子旁。(3)形容词作结果状语,一般位于句末。Theyreturnedfromwar,safeandsound.他们安然无恙地从战争中归来。(4)形容词作让步状语,位于句首,也可以位于句尾。Oldandyoung,thepeasantsarebusywithautumnharvest.无论年轻的还是年长的,所有的农民们都在忙着秋收。(5)形容词作时间状语Glad,IsinganEnglishsong.高兴的时候,我就唱首英文歌。2.Approachedinthisway,yourfriendshipwillsoonberepaired.用这种方法来解决,你们的友谊很快就会被修复。【句式剖析】过去分词作状语。approach与句子主语yourfriendship之间是动宾关系,所以用Approached。Givenmoreattention,theaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.如果多注意一些,这次事故本来能避免。【句式拓展】分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词。有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when,while,if,though,asif,unless等,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。3.WhenRileymovestoanewcity,shehasahardtimeadjustingtohernewsurroundings.当莱利搬到新城市的时候,她很难使自己适应新的环境。【句式剖析】这是“haveahardtimedoing”结构,意为“做某事情很困难”。也可以说“haveahardtimeindoing”。Wewillhaveahardtimegettingjustice.我们将很难获得公正。【句式拓展】havedifficulty(in)doing做某事情很困难havetrouble(in)doing做某事有麻烦havefun(in)doing做某事有意思(有趣)haveagoodtimedoing玩得开心,过得愉快4.ItisbelievedthatEQplaysanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ(intelligencequotient)inpeople’slives.据说,在人们生活中情商比智商更重要。【句式剖析】Itisbelievedthat...是主语从句,真正的主语是that引导的从句。that在主语从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意思,但是不可以省略。【句式拓展】常见的这类结构有:Itissaidthat...据说……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisdecidedthat...已经决定……Itissuggestedthat...有人建议……Itisadvisedthat...有人建议……Itisorderedthat...根据命令……Itisthoughtthat...有人认为……Itisconsideredthat...人们认为……Itishopedthat...人们希望……Itisexpectedthat...人们预料……Itisannouncedthat...已宣布……5.Iwasjustlettingoffsteamreally,becauseIwassoangry...因为我太生气了,我当时只是在宣泄情绪……6.OurAgonyAuntanswersyourquestions.我们的知心阿姨回答你的问题。7.ThereisanoldAmericansaying,“Looselipssinkships.”有一个古老的美国谚语,“祸从口出”。8.Takeadeepbreath,calmdown,andalwaysremember:thinkfirst,speaklater.深呼吸,让自己平静下来,并谨记:先想,后说。9.Ifyoufeeloneofyourteammatesisn’tpullingtheirweight,thenraiseyourconcernsinaprofessionalwaywithyourteamcoach.如果你发现你们有一个队员没有尽责,那么可以从专业角度向你们队的教练提出10.SadnesswantstodoherdutybutbyaccidentcausesthelossofRiley’shappycorememorieswithJoy.悲伤想承担自己的责任,可是无意间造成了莱利核心快乐记忆的丢失。11.Worriedabouther,JoyandSadnesstrytoworktogethertoensureshegetshercorememoriesback.快乐和悲伤非常担心莱利,试图齐心协力确保她把核心记忆找回来。12.AcceptingsadnessaspartoflifehelpsRileydealwiththeemotionalplexityofgrowingup,andsettledowninhernewlife.把悲伤看作生活的一部分,有助于莱利去处理成长中的情感的复杂问题,并在她的新生活中安定下来。（P6）13.Trytoforgivesomeonewhentheyapologise.当他们道歉的时候尽量去原谅他们。14.Icantellheisnoteasytogetalongwith.我能看出他不容易相处。15.It’llbefineonceyougetaccustomedtousingit.一旦你用惯了就好了。（P8）16.Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!当我们一旦开始欺骗的时候,我们得编织多么复杂的网啊!17.Perhapswefortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”:littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.也许我们会安慰自己,认为自己所说的谎言大部分都是善意的谎言,为了保护别人所讲的小小的谎言。18.Buttowhatextentcanwejustifytellingwhitelieslikethese?但是我们能在多大的程度上证明类似于这样的善意的谎言是正确的呢?19.Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankmentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.停下来,然后考虑一下,也许你的朋友想从你那里听到坦诚的评论以便提高自我。20.Ifyou’vehadabadday,doyoutellyourparentsaboutit,ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywas“fine”?如果你这一天过得不愉快,你会诚实告诉父母,还是会掩藏泪水撒谎说你过得“不错”呢?（P11）21.Themoreindependentyouare,thebetteryourlifewillbe.你越独立,你以后的生活就会越好。（P5）22.WhenRileymovestoanewcity,shehasahardtimeadjustingtohernewsurroundings.当莱利搬到新城市的时候,她很难使自己适应新的环境。【句式剖析】这是“haveahardtimedoing”结构,意为“做某事情很困难”。也可以说“haveahardtimeindoing”。23.Ifpossible,suggestanalternative—Howaboutnextweek?如果可能的话,可以建议另外一种选择方式——下周怎么样?【句式剖析】句中“ifpossible”是省略句,表示“如果可能的话”,完整的形式:ifitispossible。（P9）24.However,whenwelieandsaythatsomeone’shaircutlooksgood,orwhenwesaythatweloveamealthatwesecretlyhate,arewereallyhopingtoimprovethesituationforsomeoneelse?然而,当我们撒谎,说某个人的发型看起来很美,或者当我们说我们很喜欢这顿饭但背地里其实很不喜欢的时候,我们真的希望能够让别人改善提高吗?【句式拓展】(1)beabouttodo...when...正要做某事就……(2)bedoing...when...正在做某事就在这时……(3)hadjustdonesthwhen...刚做完某事就……（P11）25.Themoreindependentyouare,thebetteryourlifewillbe.你越独立,你的生活就会越好。26.Afterrepeatingthisprocessafewtimes,theyeventuallyfoundtheidealdistancewheretheycouldfeelwarmwhilemanagingnottohurteachother.在重复了这个过程几次之后,他们最终找到了合适的距离,在这个距离他们既感到温暖,又不会伤到彼此。语法专题过去分词作状语【观察】观察下列句子中过去分词的用法，然后加以总结。1.Discussedmanytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.2.Lookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful.3.Caughtintherainonmywayhome,Ihadabadcold.4.Builtthirtyyearsagothehousestilllooksverybeautiful.5.outofthehall.6.Shesatbythewindowalone,lostinthought.7.Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.8.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.过去分词可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。过去分词作状语应注意以下几点：过去分词作状语表示的意义过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致，即二者是被动关系。这跟现在分词作状语正好相反。表示被动的和完成的动作修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。如：Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语I,即I被再给一个小时.)Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。如：Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=Whentheparkisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Oncepublished,thisdictionarywillbeverypopular!一旦出版，这本字典将会受到欢迎。【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.用以强调时间，原因，条件，让步，目的等状语。如：when,while,once,as,if,though,although等。如：Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.☆注意：过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.如：Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.B)作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Inspiredbyhisteacher,hestudiesmuchharder.=As/Becausehewasinspiredbyhisteacher,hestudiesmuchharder.Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.【注意】written为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写C)作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。如：United,westand;divided,wefall.=If／Whenweareunited,westand;if／whenwearedivided,wefall.团结则存，分裂则亡Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。D)作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。如：Defeatedbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpractisedevenharder.=Thoughtheyweredefeatedbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpracticedevenharder.虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气，更加刻苦训练。E)作伴随状语。如：Hecameback,utterlyexhausted.他回来了，疲惫不堪。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyherstudents.[注意]过去分词短语作状语，它的逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致。但有时它可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立（主格）结构，多数情况下它表示一种伴随动作或情况。例如：Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.=Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,andhisfacewascoveredwithsweat.那个男孩子跑进教室，满脸是汗。Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(thesignal是given的逻辑主语,因此主句主语thebus就不是given的逻辑主语)Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatervaluethanhers.各方面考虑进去，你的文章比她的文章更有价值。※注意：“独立主格结构”前常常可以加“with”，即with的复合结构。也表示伴随情况。如：Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,（with）hisfacecoveredwithsweat二、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系●过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(如例句1-5)【难点点拨】Seeingfromthetopfloor,wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.Seenfromthetopfloor,thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.●有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构，或某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。常见的有lost(如例句6),seated,hidden,lostin,dressedin,facedwith,absorbedin,surprised,三、过去分词的独立主格结构作状语如果过去分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构，作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等(如例句10)。【巩固练习】Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.(raise).2.(praise)byhisteacher,Tomworkedevenharder.3.4.(face)withthissituation,theyfeltbothjoyandfear.5.Youngstudentsshouldgoandworkwhere(need).6.(taste)delicious,thebreadinthisshopwassoldoutsoon.7.(seat)atthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.8.(grow)inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.Ⅱ.同义句转换(每空一词)。1.Ashewassurroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy. →agroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.2.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead. →whathadhappened,heloweredhishead. →whathadhappened,heloweredhishead.3.Bobsatonhischairandhewaspletelyabsorbedinamagazine. →Bobsatonhischair,amagazine.4.Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited. →Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunless.5.Aftertheproblemwassettled,themeetingcametoanend. →,themeetingcametoanend.参考答案：Ⅰ.1.raised 2.Praised 3.broken4.Faced 5.needed 6.Tasting7.Seated 8.GrownⅡ.1.Surroundedby 2.Asked;Whenasked 3.pletelyabsorbedin 4.Iaminvited 5.Theproblemsettled过去分词做状语专题练习1.I’mgoingtohavemycar________.A.tobefixedB.tofixC.fixedD.tofix2.What’sthelanguage______inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak3.______someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowedby4.Hehadhisleg_______inthematchyesterday.A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.breaking5.Mostofthepeople_______tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting6.________moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven7.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_________behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied8.Theputercenter,_______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9.________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose10.TheOlympicGames,______in776BC,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayed11.Don’tget_________intherain.A.tobecaughtB.catchingC.tocatchD.caught12.Ifoundacar_________inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick13.---Bytheway,whendidyougetyourbedroom_______?---Lastweek.A.topaintB.paintedC.paintingD.tobepainted14.Thechildrenwerefound_________inthecave.A.trappingB.trappedC.tobetrappedD.betrapped15.Theyfounda______oldwoman_______onthegroundwhenthedoorwasbrokendown.A.dying,lyingB.dead,liedC.death,layingD.died,lain16.Ona_____morningthelittlegirlwasfound_______atthecornerofthestreet.A.freezing,freezingB.freezing,frozenC.frozen,frozenD.frozen,freezing17.Nooneenjoys______funofinpublic.A.makingB.beingmadeC.tobemadeD.tomake18.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword_____.A.speakingB.spokenC.tobespokenD.speak19.______fromspace,theearth,withwater_______seventypercentofitssurface,lookslikeablueball.A.Seen,coveredB.Seen,coveringC.Seeing,coveringD.Seeing,covered20.An_________crowdisawaitingthearrivalofthefilmstar.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitedly21.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons____fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished22.____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.AllthingsconsideringB.AllthingsconsideredC.AllthingswereconsideredD.Withallthingswereconsidered23.____,allthestudentsranoutoftheclassroom.A.ClasswasoverB.ClassisoverC.ClassoverD.Whenclassover24.____,everythinghaschanged.A.TimegoesonB.TimegoingonC.AstimegoingonD.Withtimewenton25.____,theywillgotothezoo.A.WeatherpermittingB.WeatherpermittedC.WeatherbeingpermittedD.Weatherhavingpermitted26.Alotofhomework___,theyhavetogohome.A.todoB.doneC.doingD.tobedoing27.____herfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.

A.HearingB.HavingheardC.TohearD.Heard

28.____histeamhadwon,hisfacelitupatonce.

A.KnowingB.WhenknowingC.AfterknowingD.Whenheknew29.Fromhis_______expression,wecanguessthattheproblemmaybewasquite_______.A.puzzled;puzzlingB.puzzling;puzzledC.puzzled;puzzledD.puzzling;puzzling30.Onourarrival,wefoundTom_____atthedeskand______aletter.A.seated,wroteB.sitting,writtenC.seating,writingD.seated,writing过去分词专题练习答案：--5CBBBA6---10ADDCA11—15DBBBA16---20BBBBA21---25BBCBA26---30AADADUnit2Makingadifference重点短语P.13-16做一件好事doagooddeed为…做贡献makeacontributionto赚钱，挣钱earnmoney有钱上学havemoneyforschool使某人尽力维持下去keepsbgoing骑三轮脚踏车rideatricycle…的数量theamountof病人thesick进行观察makeanobservation临床atasickbed没有人受伤Thereisnobodyhurt处于控制之下undercontrolP.14-161.给某人提供某物supply…with…2.资助水利工程fundwaterproject3.配置净水设施setuppurifywater4.回收利用废水recyclewastewater5.开发节水新技术developnewwaterconservationtechnologies6.做某事有困难,难以…havetroubledoing7.向对面看，眺望lookacross8.让他们生病makethemsick9.做园艺工作dogardening10.达到目标reachatarget11.把钱捐给慈善机构donate/givemoneytoacharity12.放弃giveup决心做某事bedeterminedtodo向某人求助askforhelpfrom…说服某人做某事persuadesbtodosth与此同时atthesametime公开宣布gopublic募捐raise/collectmoney对…感激begratefulto邀请某人做某事invitesbtodosth亲眼看到了这口完工的井seethefinishedwellwithone’sowneyes出现，到场，证明是turnout有影响，有作用makeadifference突然笑起来breakintoasmile引导某人做某事leadsbtodo建立基金会setupafoundation鼓励某人做某事encouragesbtodosth支持某人givesbsupport得益于，因…而得到好处benefitfrom使梦想成真makeone’sdreamareality来自/产生于这种坚定的态度growfromthedeterminedattitude越多越好themorethebetter帮助有需要的人helppeopleinneedP.17-191.打井取水digwellsfordrinkingwater2.承担了一项长期使命takeupanextendedmission3.显得有点书生气appeartobealittlebookish4.毫不犹豫做某事neverhesitatetodo5.对…有信心beconfidentabout6.提出，想出eupwith7.使…高兴/振奋起来cheer…up8.有点，有几分kindof9.自愿帮助经营慈善机构volunteertohelpruncharities10.偶遇/无意中发现人们筹集资金eacrosspeopleraisingmoney11.发挥着越来越重要的作用playanincreasinglyimportantrole12.适合于…besuitablefor13.打询问makeaphoneenquiry14.花点时间准备问题takeamomenttoprepareyourquestions15.必要时做笔记takenotesifnecessary16.尽管，不管，不顾inspiteof17.卷入…中，涉及…,包含在…中beinvolvedinP.20-211.受惊的孩子们frightededchildren2.伤心的父母heartbrokenparents3.拯救，使免遭savefrom4.在…手中atthehandsof5.生于某家庭bebornto6.取得…国籍take…nationality7.一离开就…onleavingschool8.经商workinbusiness9.逃离，逃脱escapefrom10.生活在恶劣环境下liveinterribleconditions11.在/处于危险中evenif12.把孩子送到安全地方transportchildrentosafety13.把…记录下来keeprecordsof14.担任，充当serveas15.在多数情况下forthemostpart16.从人们的记忆中消失disappearfrompeople’smemories17.收养takein18.一度，在某一时刻atonepoint19….的大多数themajorityof20.站起身来来risetoone’sfeet21.使…引起公众的注意bring…topublicattention22.受世人尊敬的人物arespectedfigurearoundtheworld23.去世passaway24.中国有句俗语AstheChinesesayinggoes25.授予某人…awardsbsth26.为了纪念inhonourof27.从…提取extract…from28.被提名为…bedominatedfor29.推荐为…remendas…30.培养社会责任感developasenseofsocialresponsibility二、重点词汇1.contributionn.贡献contributevt.&vi.捐款;贡献;捐助;导致;投稿contributorn.贡献者;捐助者;投稿者contributesthto...把某物捐献给……contributeto为……做出贡献;有助于;导致makeacontribution/contributionsto为……做出贡献2.reliefn.减轻,缓解,宽慰,轻松in/withrelief如释重负toone’srelief使人宽慰的是relievevt.减轻;缓和relievesbofsth解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)3.effectiveadj.有效的,产生预期效果的effectn.影响;效果affectvt.影响haveaneffect/influenceon/upon对……产生影响e/gointoeffect生效bring/carry/oeffect实施;使……生效/起作用sideeffect副作用4.earnv.挣(钱)earningsn.所得,收入,工资earn/makemoney挣钱earnone’sliving=makealiving谋生5.donatev.捐赠,捐献donatesthto...把某物捐献给……makeadonationto向……捐赠6.breakintoasmile突然笑起来breakone’sword/promise违背诺言;食言breakup打碎;拆散;结束;分裂(解体);散开breakdown出故障;失败;垮掉breakin强行进入;打断breakinto强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)breakoff断开;使折断;中断breakout突然开始;爆发breakaway(fromsb/sth)逃脱;脱离;背叛(某人/某物)breakthrough取得突破;取得新的重大发现7.sensitiveadj.敏感的,容易生气的besensitiveto对……敏感的;体贴的;善解人意的besensitiveabout介意……;在乎……inasense在某种意义上innosense决不(放在句首时,句子用部分倒装)thereisnosenseindoingsth做某事没有意义makesense有意义makesenseof理解8.generousadj.慷慨的,大方的begenerouswithsth在……方面很慷慨begeneroustosb对某人很大方hesitatev.迟疑,犹豫hesitantadj.犹豫不决的hesitationn.犹豫不决hesitatetodosth迟疑做某事;不愿做某事hesitateabout/in/at/over(doing)sth(做)某事犹豫不决withouthesitation毫不犹豫地havenohesitationindoingsth毫不犹豫地做某事assistancen.帮助,援助assistantv.助手;助理assistvt.帮助beofassistance有帮助的withtheassistanceof...在……的帮助下assistsbwith/insth帮助某人某事assistsbtodosth帮助某人做某事assistsbindoingsth帮助某人做某事11.confirmationv.证实,证明……confirmatheory证实一种理论confirmone’sbelief坚定某人的信念Ithasbeenconfirmedthat……已经证实……12.aidv.帮助,援助givesbfirstaid/givefirstaidtosb对某人进行急救e/gotoone’said/help帮助某人inaidof为了援助withtheaidof在……的帮助下aidsbin/with(doing)sth在(做)某事方面帮助某人aidsbtodosth帮助某人做某事13.achievementn.成就,功绩asenseofachievement成就感makeagreatachievement取得伟大的成就achieve/realiseone’sdream/aim实现某人的梦想/目标majoradj.重要的,主要的majorityn.大多数majorinsth主修(大专院校的)科目themajorityof大多数inthemajority占大多数minoradj.少数的minorityn.少数intheminority占少数15.treatmentn.治疗;疗法treatsblike/as...把某人当……看待treatsthseriously认真对待某事treatsb/oneselfto用……款待某人/自己undertreatment正在治疗16.obtainv.获得,得到obtainsthfrom...从……获得某物obtainableadj.可获得的三、重点句式1.Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick?为什么那里的水那么脏以至于让他们生病呢?【句式剖析】so...that...引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。IwassonervousthatIcouldn’ttellwhichdirectionwasleft.我如此紧张,以至于分不清哪边是左。【句式拓展】(1)so...that...句型的常见形式:so+adj./adv.+that...so+adj.+不定冠词+单数可数名词+that...so+many/few/much/little+n.+that...TherearesomanyspellingmistakesinyourpositionthatIcan’tunderstandwhatyouarewritingabout.(2)such...that...句型的基本结构:such+不定冠词+adj.+单数可数名词+that...such+adj.+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that...Dalianissuchanattractiveplacethatlotsoftouristsvisititeveryyear.大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。【名师点津】当so/such+修饰部分放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装。Sodesperatewashethathestoppedtryingandwaitedforhelp.他是如此绝望以至于他停止尝试,等待救援。2.Whattheyneededwasawelldugneartheirhomes.他们所需要的是在他们家附近挖的一口水井。【句式剖析】此处what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语;dug是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动。WhatamazedmemostwasthathewonfirstprizeintheEnglishspeechcontest.最让我惊讶的是他在这次英语演讲比赛中得了一等奖。【句式拓展】what可以引导名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。what可以翻译为“什么,所……的”。YouhadbetterhearwhatIhavetosay.你最好听听我的意见。【名师点津】注意名词性从句中what和that的区别。what在从句中充当成分,有意义。that在从句中不作成分,无意义,引导宾语从句时可以省略。3....Ryansaysthatthequestiontoaskisnot“Whydon’tIhelp?”,but“HowcanIhelptoday?”……Ryan说他想问的不是“我为什么没有帮忙”,而是“今天我能怎样帮忙?”。【句式剖析】此处not...but...连接两个结构相似、功能相同的句子成分。这种结构否定but前的内容,肯定but后的内容。Whatmakeshisparentsworriedisnothisgradesbutthathehasn’tanyinterestinlearning.【句式拓展】not...but...连接主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。类似用法的有:neither...nor...既不……也不……;either...or...不是……就是……;notonly...butalso...不仅……而且……;therebe句型。Notyoubutsheiswantedonthetelephone.里找的是她而不是你。4.Theamountofreliefandfortexperiencedbythesickaftertheskinhasbeencarefullywashedanddried,isoneofthemonestobservationsmadeatasickbed.病人在皮肤被仔细清洗和擦干后所体验到的舒适和安慰是临床最常观察到的现象。5.NowtickthesolutionsthatyouthinkaremosteffectivetosupplyAfricawithfreshwater.现在在你认为最有效的给非洲提供淡水的解决方法下打对勾。6.Atfirst,hisplanwastoearnmoneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.起初,他的计划是挣钱在非洲的某个地方建一口水井。7.She’susuallyveryshy,butshe’sgenerous...她通常很害羞,但是她很慷慨……8.InChina,volunteersarealsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection,disabilityassistanceandmanyotherfields.在中国,志愿者们也在环境保护、伤残救助以及很多其他领域起着越来越重要的作用。9.weneedtonotonlydonatemoneybutalsogetnewideas.……我们不仅需要捐钱,而且需要提出新想法。【句式剖析】notonly...butalso...“不但……而且……”,连接并列成分。其中的also有时可以省略。10.Hestartedtoaskforhelpfrom