高三语法复习定语从句

语法复习定语从句一、句子结构的三种类型：

1.简单句（SimpleSentence)2.并列句（CompoundSentence)3.(主从)复合句（ComplexSentence)(1)简单句的五大基本句型：

主语+系动词+表语

主语＋及物动词＋宾语主语＋不及物动词主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补

Herfaceturnedredwithanger.Youcanconsidermysuggestion.

Thiskindofclothsellswell.Heboughtmeacomputer.Hefoundthedoorlocked.（2）并列句结构：简单句+并列连词+简单句（3）复合句：简单句+从属连词+简单句从句担当主句的一个句子成份。可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。HehasstudiedEnglishforonlyoneyear,

buthecanreadandwritenow.Keeponandyouwillmakeprogress.三.定语从句：从句的位置：在先行词后先行词：

被定语从句修饰的词引导词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词

引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句

(2)在从句中作一成份

(3)所代替内容为先行词引导词关系代词关系副词在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语或主语定语时间地点原因状语状语状语在从句中作宾语可省去

先行词为whothatwhomwhichwhose人物/人人物某人/某物的WhenWherewhy

摘要关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的选择1.Thereason_____hemissedthespeechwasthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason____________hegaveussoundedreasonable.3.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinParis.4.I’llremembertheday________westayedtogetheratthattime.5.Thisisthefactory____________wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehouse_________Lincolnoncelived.Remember:取决于他们在从句中作什么成份，而这又取决于从句是否缺主要句子成分（、、），缺否则取决于()。whythat\whichthat\whichwhenthat\whichwhere7.(1)Hestilllivesintheroom________windowfacestothesouth.(2)Hestilllivesintheroom_________isinthenorthofthecity.whosewhich8.(1)Iwillneverforgetthedays________westudiedtogether.(2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.whenthat

9.(1)Thereason________hedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.(2)Thereason_________heexplainedisnottrue.whythat10.(1)Wewillmeetattheplace________wemetlastmonth.(2)Wewillmeetattheplace________wevisitedlastmonth.wherethat

练一练

who,that

指人时有区别吗？1.用who不用that的情况：

当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those等人称代词时。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohavedifficultywithpronunciationshouldpracticemore.2.用that不用who的情况：

(1)当先行词既有人又有物。(2)当句子已出现一个who。（3）在定语从句中作表语时。Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadrememberedthere.Whoisthemanthatspoketoyoujustnow?Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.which,that

指事物时有区别吗？1.只用that不用which的情况：

(1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词

（2）先行词既是人又是物。

（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。（4）先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every等修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hespokeofthethings

and

personsthathehadseenabroad.Thisistheverybook

thatIamlookingfor.（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.只能用which的情况:2.引导非限制性定语从句只能用which(1)Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.(2)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(3)Hesawafilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.(4)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which指事物Remember:Which在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。介词+关系代词前置介词后作宾语的关系代词不能省，且只有whom

和which

。关系代词和关系副词的转换：where,when,why=介词+which介词的选择（1）（2）1.Thisisthereason____________helefthishometown.(=

)2.I’llneverforgettheday___________westayed

together.(=)3.Thisisthegirl_____________Ilearnedthenews.4.Theperson___________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.5.I’llshowyouastore__________youmaybuyallthatyouneed.(=)6.Idon’tliketheway_________youlaughedather.(=)forwhichonwhichfromwhom

towhominwhichinwhich难点解析：关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词+whom\whichThewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy.2.介词短语+which\whomThefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.

3.不定代词或数词+of+which\whomTherearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.The名词+ofwhich=_________________Shementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.=andshejoinedthearmyonthatday

=andawellliesinfrontofit.=andnoneofthembelongstome.=andoneofthemisLuxin=andIhaveforgottenthetitleofit

试试看：1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_________hadnotbeencleanedforatleastoneyear.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson___________shecouldturnforhelp.3.Chinahasalotofislands,thelargest______________isTaiwan.4.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,________________________treatedherwell,______madeherverysad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclass,_____________20aregirls;therestareboys.whichtowhomofwhichnoneofwhomwhichofwhom基础巩固(Mistakecorrecting)1.Doyoulikethebikeyourfriendgaveittoyou?2.Thisistheveryplacewherewevisitedmanyyearsago.3.Therearetenstudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.4.EnglishisasubjectIaminterested.5.CanyoushowmethebookwhichhavebeentranslatedintoEnglishbySmith?\（多词）（错用引导词）

（漏引导词）（漏介词）（主谓不一致）三.定语从句的类限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限定从注意问题：1.Hismother,whom(?)heloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,which(?)hehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.说明：非限制性定语不能用that引导；作宾语用的关系代词不能省；要用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句你知道吗?As也可以用来引导定语从句.1.Heisnot

suchaman

asonlythinkofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethesamepen

as

Iusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。请讨论：as,which引导非限制性定语从句有什么不同吗？1.which的先行词可以是名词或从句，as不可。

(1)Themeeting,whichwasheldinthepark,wasagreatsuccess.(2)Hesaidthathehadneverseenhebefore,whichwasnottrue.2.which和as都可代替整个句子，但which引导的不在放句首。

(1)Cruso’sdogbecameillanddied,whichmadehimverylonely.(2)Asweexpected,Ourfootballteamlostthematchagain.3.as引导的从句有(正如……),(就象……)等含义.(1)TaiwanisapartofChina,asisknowntousall.(2)Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows,(3)Theladyisverylearned,asissaidinthebook.定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：

(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogramswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.------TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprograms________onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.------Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople________outsidetheCAACoffices.分析：从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；

broadcastwaiting2.定语从句和并列句

1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.=Isawsometrees,theleavesof________wereblackwithdisease.=_________wereblack.2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof__________thereisapairofglasses分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键whichwhom3.定语从句和状语从句

(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer___________hecaneasilyfindit.(=where)Pleaseputtheletter_________hecaneasilyfindit.(3)Pleaseputtheletterinwhichhecaneasilyfindit.

这句子正确吗？分析：（1）句结果状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。thatasinwhichwhere4.定语从句和名词性从句

(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what)(2)Whoeverleavetheroomlastwillturnthelights.(=)(3)_______isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_______TaiwanbelongstoChina.(4)______isknowntousallis

thattheearthissmallerthanthesun.(5)TaiwanbelongstoChina，whichisafact.

AsthatWhat7.定语从句和强调句

(1)Itisinthisroom______Ilivedlastyear.Itistheroom_______Ilivedlastyear.(2)Itwasatseveno’clock________hewenttoschoolthismorning.Itwasseveno’clock_______hewenttoschoolthismorning.

分析：强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分去掉Itis/was….that/who…,句子照样成立。(1)Ilivedinthisroomlastyear.(2)Hewenttoschoolatseventhismorning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwherethatwhen8.定语从句和同位语从句

(1)Thenews________ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.(2)Thenews__________hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.

分析：that在同位语从句中不充当任何成份，从句用来说明前面抽象名词的具体内容，在从句中不可省去，也不可用which替代。That/which引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/which高考命题导向：1.Wordcame______

theirarmywasdefeated.A.thatB.whichC.who